Segregation and Tule Lake

In July 1943, Tule Lake concentration camp was designated as a segregation center for those the camp authorities considered "disloyal" as a result of their answers on the mandatory "loyalty questionnaire." In September 1943, "loyal" Japanese Americans from Tule Lake began departing for other camps and "disloyal" Japanese Americans from other camps started arriving at Tule Lake. The number of guards increased from a few hundred to 930 and an eight-foot high double fence was erected. The camp's capacity was 15,000 but the peak population reached 18,789 as 6,249 original "loyal" Japaense Americans chose to stay rather than be uprooted again.

World War II (283)
Resistance and dissidence (97)
Segregation and Tule Lake (251)

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251 items

img George Naohara leaving Jerome camp for Tule Lake camp (ddr-csujad-38-259)

Photographed is George Nobuo Naohara on a truck. It is taken when he is leaving the Jerome camp in Arkansas, for the Tule Lake Segregation Center in California. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 14. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_14_004

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-259/

img Leaving Jerome Arkansas for Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-38-257)

Photographed is George Nobuo Naohara on a truck. It is taken when he is leaving the Jerome camp in Arkansas, for the Tule Lake camp in California. The caption reads: Leaving Jerome Arkansas for Tule Lake. Title from caption. The handwritten note on the back side read: Mitsuko-san, This photo was taken when I was leaving …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-257/

doc George Okada interview (ddr-csujad-6-28)

Oral history interview with George Okada. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: SCRC_OKADA_GEORGE

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-6-28/

doc "Segregation of Persons of Japanese Ancestry in Relocation Centers" (ddr-densho-155-16)

This booklet was published by the War Relocation Authority (WRA).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-155-16/

doc "Japanese Americans Educated in Japan" (ddr-densho-155-24)

War Relocation Authority's Community Analysis Report No. 8.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-155-24/

doc Press release from the Office of War Information, War Relocation Authority, regarding segregation (ddr-densho-156-135)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-135/

doc Segregation of Loyal and Disloyal Japanese in Relocation Centers (ddr-densho-156-180)

Report on Senate Resolution No. 166 Relating to Segregation of Loyal and Disloyal Japanese in Relocation Centers and Plans for Future Operation of Such Centers.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-180/

doc Report on the Tule Lake Riot (ddr-densho-156-182)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-182/

doc Minority Views on Tule Lake Segregation Center (ddr-densho-156-181)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-181/

doc Hunger strike at Tule Lake (ddr-densho-394-2)

Journal entries describing a hunger strike at Tule Lake during January 1944.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-394-2/

doc Petition to American Civil Liberties Union regarding conditions at Tule Lake (ddr-densho-35-429)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-35-429/

doc Relocation problems and policies (ddr-densho-381-24)

An address delivered by War Relocation Authority Director, Dillon S. Myer, to the Tuesday Evening Club. Myer discusses a variety of topics, including the creation of the War Relocation Authority, managing the camps, and plans for relocation.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-24/

doc Letter from Joseph W. Stilwell, General, U.S. Army, to Lt. Frank S. Okusako, November 15, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-236)

Correspondence from Joseph Stilwell to Frank Okusako regarding the case of Okusako's family. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0238

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-236/

doc Memo from A.M. Tollefson, Colonel, CMP, Director, Prisoner of War Operations Division to CG US Army Forces, October 23, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-231)

Memorandum of understanding from A. M. Tollefson to CG US Army Forces regarding relocation of enemy aliens to Hawaii. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0233

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-231/

doc Letter from Raymond R. Best, Project Director, Tule Lake Project, to Lt. Frank S. Okusako, October 19, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-232)

Correspondence from Raymond R. Best to Frank Okusako regarding the status of his family members at the Tule Lake incarceration camp including records of their conduct and renunciation of citizenship. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0234

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-232/

doc Letter from Raymond R. Best, Project Director, Tule Lake Center, to Takaichi Tsukamoto, August 26, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-1291)

Correspondence from Raymond R. Best to Takaichi Tsukamoto regarding segregation at Tule Lake. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1293

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1291/

doc Segregation of evacuees (ddr-csujad-55-333)

Report on the segregation of incarcerated individuals at Tule Lake incarceration camp. Includes a description of the segregated population at Tule Lake. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0335

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-333/

doc Advance release (Office of War Information), OWI-2712 (November 1, 1943) (ddr-csujad-55-1908)

Press release regarding the purpose and process of segregation at Tule Lake, movement of segregants between WRA Centers, security at Tule Lake, unrest among incarcerees, strike and violence, interventions by the administration, and international press. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1911

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1908/

doc Letter from Frank S. Okusako, 1st Lt., Infantry, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-233)

Statement by Frank Okusako describing his family's loyalty to the United States, his upbringing in Auburn, California, service in the United States Army, and arguing for his family's release from Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0235

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-233/

doc Tule Lake: at this segregation center are 18,000 Japanese considered disloyal to U.S. (ddr-csujad-55-2502)

Pictorial report published in "Life Magazine" detailing life and living conditions in Tule Lake incarceration camp. Covers segregation, facilities, co-ops, administration, and daily life in the incarceration camp.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2502/

doc Segregation of persons of Japanese ancestry in relocation centers (ddr-csujad-55-367)

Pamphlet covering the War Relocation Authority's segregation program at Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0369

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-367/

doc Letter from Ivan Williams, Officer in Charge, United States Department of Justice to Sadae Hirota, October 6, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-1902)

Notice to Sadaye [Sadae] Hirota ordering her "internment" at the Tule Lake Segregation Center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1905

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1902/

doc Letter from Ivan Williams, Officer in Charge, United States Department of Justice to Sadae Hirota, March 1, 1946 (ddr-csujad-55-1899)

Correspondence from Ivan Williams to Sadaye [Sadae] Hirota regarding her release from Tule Lake Segregation Center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1902

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1899/

doc Memo from V.R. Miller, Colonel, Infantry, Commanding, to the Adjutant General, War Department, Washington 25, D.C., September 6, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-230)

Memorandum of understanding from V. R. Miller regarding Frank Okusako's request for relocation of his family from the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0232

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-230/

doc Complaint, War Relocation Authority vs. Ray Ishibashi (ddr-csujad-55-248)

Complaint regarding Ray Ishibashi's refusal to register at Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0250

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-248/