Segregation and Tule Lake

In July 1943, Tule Lake concentration camp was designated as a segregation center for those the camp authorities considered "disloyal" as a result of their answers on the mandatory "loyalty questionnaire." In September 1943, "loyal" Japanese Americans from Tule Lake began departing for other camps and "disloyal" Japanese Americans from other camps started arriving at Tule Lake. The number of guards increased from a few hundred to 930 and an eight-foot high double fence was erected. The camp's capacity was 15,000 but the peak population reached 18,789 as 6,249 original "loyal" Japaense Americans chose to stay rather than be uprooted again.

World War II (283)
Resistance and dissidence (97)
Segregation and Tule Lake (251)

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251 items

doc Semi-annual report, January 1 to June 30, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-1654)

Report covering the "relocation program," leave clearance, nisei and the armed forces, closing of Jerome incarceration camp, Tule Lake incident, segregation movements to Tule Lake, Spanish Consular visits, community government, business enterprises, welfare, education, community activities, legal, evacuee property, health and sanitation, fire protection, internal security, military police, agriculture, industries, motor transport and maintenance, construction and …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1654/

Memo from Frank S. Okusako, 1st Lt, Infantry, Company H, 442d Infantry to Commanding General, Western Defense Command, Presidio of San Francisco, California (Thru Channels), August 30, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-229)

doc Memo from Frank S. Okusako, 1st Lt, Infantry, Company H, 442d Infantry to Commanding General, Western Defense Command, Presidio of San Francisco, California (Thru Channels), August 30, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-229)

Memorandum of understanding from Frank S. Okusako to Commanding General, Western Defense Command regarding relocation of Okusako's family from the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0231

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-229/

doc Letter from Tom Clark, Attorney General, to General Mark W. Clark, December 10, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-235)

Correspondence from Tom Clark to Mark Clark regarding the case of Frank Okusako's family. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0237

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-235/

doc Letter to a Nisei man from his brother (ddr-densho-153-71)

Excerpt: "All ok. Received your card yesterday and also saw Miss Ely day before yesterday." Sent from Manzanar concentration camp, California, to Chicago, Illinois.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-153-71/

doc Letter to a Nisei man from his brother (ddr-densho-153-80)

Excerpt: "Ive been trying to get this letter off for about the last two weeks but everytime I start, something else turns up." Sent from Manzanar concentration camp, California, to Chicago, Illinois.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-153-80/

doc Letter to John McCloy from Lt. General J.L. DeWitt (ddr-densho-122-858)

Summary of intelligence report of individuals considered for segregation

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-858/

doc Report from Mike Masaoka to Dillon Myer (ddr-densho-122-894)

Confidential statement on status of Kibei and Nisei in camps and problem of segregation of disloyal

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-894/

doc Letter to Isamu Horino from Guy Robertson (ddr-densho-122-457)

Response to Horino's challenge to his deportation to Tule Lake

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-457/

doc Note to Frank Emi from Isamu (Sam) Horino (ddr-densho-122-460)

Re: Horino's remaining items at Heart Mountain

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-460/

doc Copy of letter to James Omura from Kiyoshi Okamoto (ddr-densho-122-829)

Describing Okamoto and Sam Horino's relocation to Tule Lake from Heart Mountain on the grounds of disloyalty

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-829/

doc Letter to Frank Emi from Isamu (Sam) Horino (ddr-densho-122-459)

Re: conditions at Tule Lake

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-459/

doc Copy of agenda for Fair Play Committee meeting (ddr-densho-122-830)

Re: status of committee and leaders, Okamoto and Horino, written by Minoru Minola Tamesa

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-830/

doc Letter to Guy Robertson from Isamu Horino (ddr-densho-122-456)

Challenging Horino's deportation to Tule Lake on the grounds of unconstitutionality

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-456/

doc Letter to Arthur Emi from WRA (ddr-densho-122-446)

Notifying Emi that his name has been removed from the list of those recommended for segregation

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-446/

doc Copy of "Plan of Segregation:" (ddr-densho-122-887)

Outlining criteria for individuals to be sent to segregation camp at Colorado River

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-887/

doc Segregation of Persons of Japanese Ancestry in Relocation Centers (ddr-densho-560-21)

Booklet published by the War Relocation Authority (WRA)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-560-21/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 10 (May 4, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-15)

Selected article titles: "Repatriates Should Notify WRA and Spanish Embassy" (p. 1), "Reopening of Leupp Not Confirmed Here; Best" (p. 2), and "Tule Hardball Season Opens; Nippons Dump Manzanar Nine, 12-6" (pp. 5-6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-15/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 11 (May 11, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-17)

Selected article titles: "Segregation: 1000 from Jerome, Rohwer Expected Over Weekend" (pp. 1-2), "Spanish Delegate to Visit Japanese Nationals Here" (p. 1), and "CA Contacting Other Centers to Obtain Japanese Movies" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-17/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 5 (February 1, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-54)

Selected article titles: "Myer on Tule Lake: Assures Operation of Center Through 1945" (p. 1), "171 Internees Depart for Santa Fe Friday" (p. 1), and "Hectic Year for Mr. Stork Foreseen" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-54/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 2 (January 11, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-51)

Selected article titles: "Burling Here to Resume Renunciation Hearings" (pp. 1-2), "70 'Resegregated' to Santa Fe Camp" (p. 2), and "Housing Plan Required for West Coast Return" (pp. 2, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-51/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 14 (June 1, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-21)

Selected article titles: "Residents Pay Solemn Tribute at Final Rites for Okamoto: Outdoor Funeral Attended by 9000" (pp. 1-2), "Further Group Movements to Tule Lake Discontinued" (p. 1), "Jail at 1808 for Drunks, Malfeasance" (p. 2), and "12 Buddhist Priests Added; Initial Sermons on Sunday" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-21/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 7 (April 20, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-12)

Selected article titles: "82 in Center Receive Notices to Report for Physical Exams: Base Hospital to Be Utilized" (p. 1), "More Arrivals Expected as Segregation Plan Resumed" (p. 1), and "Red Cross Gifts Distributed to CA and Japanese Library" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-12/

img Segregants' departure from camp (ddr-densho-37-192)

Original WRA caption: Trouble-makers among 400 alien enemies sent to Santa Fe Internment camp 6-24-45, inside project jail.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-192/

img Hoshidan members leaving Tule Lake (ddr-densho-37-194)

Original WRA caption: The recalcitrants among the 400 sent to Santa Fe June 24, 1945, leave stockade, in various stages of dress, for march to train.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-194/

img Hoshidan member (ddr-densho-37-186)

Original WRA caption: Shaved heads, but not shaved faces, were required of the Hokoku as is evidenced by this "alien enemy" sent to Santa Fe Internment Camp June 24, 1945 with 399 other pro-Japan agitators.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-186/