Education

Schools were quickly organized in the concentration camps, but they suffered from crude facilities and lack of teaching materials. Instruction was given for nursery through high school, and adult education was offered. Trained teachers were in short supply, however, and uncertified Japanese Americans with college degrees often filled in. The War Relocation Authority (WRA) deliberately emphasized Americanization in the education program. Some found it painfully ironic to watch incarcerated youth recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Education (1448)

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1448 items
Photograph of Elaine Clary Stanley at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-47-177)
img Photograph of Elaine Clary Stanley at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-47-177)
Photograph of Elaine Clary Stanley, a teacher at Manzanar, wearing a polka-dot dress at Manzanar incarceration camp. She is standing in front of one of the staff quarters with a fire extinguisher behind her left shoulder. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0303
Photograph of Martha Shoaf in front of staff housing at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-47-178)
img Photograph of Martha Shoaf in front of staff housing at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-47-178)
Photograph of Martha Shoaf in front of staff housing at Manzanar incarceration camp. She is standing on front step next to a door. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0304
Photograph of children at Manzanar standing next to a fence and in front of a barracks (ddr-csujad-47-81)
img Photograph of children at Manzanar standing next to a fence and in front of a barracks (ddr-csujad-47-81)
Photograph of approximately 20 children standing near a wooden fence in front of a barracks at Manzanar incarceration camp. The photograph is very grainy. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0128
Photograph of Martha Shoaf in front of staff housing at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-47-173)
img Photograph of Martha Shoaf in front of staff housing at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-47-173)
Photograph of Martha Shoaf in front of staff housing at Manzanar incarceration camp. She is standing on the lawn next to a sapling. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0299
Photograph of a group of women in front of staff housing (ddr-csujad-47-172)
img Photograph of a group of women in front of staff housing (ddr-csujad-47-172)
Photograph of the residents of the newly-constructed bachelorette dorms standing in the snow in front of staff housing at Manzanar incarceration camp. From left to right: Nona Winchester (secretary), Edith Cox (teacher), ____, Lena Harrison (teacher), Susan Shoaf (secretary), Martha Shoaf (teacher), Ione Bermaye (teacher), and Gretchen Ingalls (teacher). The snow-covered Inyo Mountains can be seen …
Photograph of Lucille Bouche in front of the Department of Education (ddr-csujad-47-168)
img Photograph of Lucille Bouche in front of the Department of Education (ddr-csujad-47-168)
Photograph of Lucille Smith Bouche and another standing in front of the Department of Education office at Manzanar incarceration camp. The sign next to the door reads, "Apt. 3." A chain and a lock is hanging on the door and there are wooden steps with a doormat in front. See this object in the California State …
Photograph of Clyde Simpson standing in front of barracks (ddr-csujad-47-169)
img Photograph of Clyde Simpson standing in front of barracks (ddr-csujad-47-169)
Photograph of Clyde Simpson holding a piece of paper in front of a barracks at Manzanar incarceration camp. A woman can be seen walking in the background, and a man is standing in the doorway. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0295
Log of books checked out by students in period IV, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-123)
doc Log of books checked out by students in period IV, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-123)
Log of books checked out by thirty-six students in Period 4, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. One name has been crossed out. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9932. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0932
Term paper: my plan for the future (ddr-csujad-48-2)
doc Term paper: my plan for the future (ddr-csujad-48-2)
Term paper by Chiyoko Nakasaki for period VII Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Chiyoko discusses finding an office job after graduation, but she worries about giving the wrong impression or building a bad reputation if she sets out as an independent female. She enjoys listening to …
My plans for my future (ddr-csujad-48-19)
doc My plans for my future (ddr-csujad-48-19)
Term Paper by Haruye Imahori for period VII Social Problems course, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. Haruye would like to be a bookkeeper eventually. She recounts the satisfaction in seeing results during her classes. However, war and subsequent forced evacuation create uncertainty for her. She tells that her parents believe the best …
Letter from Kazuyoshi Nagashima to Mr. Wells regarding poor performance in class (ddr-csujad-48-54)
doc Letter from Kazuyoshi Nagashima to Mr. Wells regarding poor performance in class (ddr-csujad-48-54)
A letter from Kazuyoshi Nagashima, a student in period 1 History, to Mr. Wells explaining why he has not completed his final assignment on the civilization of Egypt and why he performed poorly on the test given that day. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9054. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization …
Class roster for courses taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-36)
doc Class roster for courses taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-36)
Class rosters for courses taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School: Period 1: 10-L with 35 names; Period 2: 10-L with 44 names; Period 3: 12-H with 43 names and grades; Period 5: 12-H with 33 names; Period 7: 12-H with 9 names and grades; Period 8: 10-L with 44 names. Transcription is found …
Seimei no jisso (Truth of life); English translation Nectarean shower (Kanro no hou) (ddr-csujad-48-42)
doc Seimei no jisso (Truth of life); English translation Nectarean shower (Kanro no hou) (ddr-csujad-48-42)
Cover title: Kanro no hou. 1st edition printed in the U.S.A., 1938 See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0042
My future (ddr-csujad-48-10)
doc My future (ddr-csujad-48-10)
Term Paper by Hitoshi Yasuda for period 5 Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Hitoshi opens by discussing the uncertainty he faces in his future, and the characteristics necessary to be successful. Before the war, he had hoped to go to college and get technical training in …
Wells Hist. Per. 5 (ddr-csujad-48-119)
doc Wells Hist. Per. 5 (ddr-csujad-48-119)
Class roster for Period 5, History, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. Thirty-seven students are listed. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9928. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0928
What I like and don't like about Manzanar (ddr-csujad-48-30)
doc What I like and don't like about Manzanar (ddr-csujad-48-30)
Assignment by Ryoko Yano (the first letter is missing due to a torn edge, determined via class roster) for period 8 Geography and History class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. The author points out the things they like and dislike about Manzanar. They like the nearness to mountains and …
Future (ddr-csujad-48-14)
doc Future (ddr-csujad-48-14)
Term paper by Yoshio Kusayanagi for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Yoshio presents a very idealistic view of the needs for good individuals to overcome evil and injustice in the world. He highlights the need for everyone to do their part to win the war, by …
Greeks (ddr-csujad-48-40)
doc Greeks (ddr-csujad-48-40)
Term paper for period I 10-L History class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Ikuyo describes Greek civilization in detail for the assigned final project. Section headings include: Geography; History; Biographies; Civilization; Illustrations; and Maps. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9040. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese …
Log of books checked out by students in period III, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-122)
doc Log of books checked out by students in period III, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-122)
Log of books checked out by twenty-nine students in Period 3, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9931. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0931
Log of books checked out by students in period VIII, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-137)
doc Log of books checked out by students in period VIII, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-137)
Log of books checked out by forty-three students in Period 8, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9946. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0946
My future (ddr-csujad-48-16)
doc My future (ddr-csujad-48-16)
Term paper by Shig Katayama for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Shig's greatest wish is to live in a democratic world and be a success in his chosen career. He has intended to attend the college of Pharmacy at UC Berkley and run a small drug …
Senior problems quiz (ddr-csujad-48-130)
doc Senior problems quiz (ddr-csujad-48-130)
A quiz assigned during the Senior Problems course taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School, there is no student listed on the assignment. The quiz describes the means that a "Jack Jones" would learn his father's business from the ground up eventually taking over and having enough savings to invest in stock, and supply …
Log of books checked out by students in period 1, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-139)
doc Log of books checked out by students in period 1, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-139)
Log of books checked out by thirty-two students in Period 1, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9948. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0948
Log of books checked out by students in period I, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-120)
doc Log of books checked out by students in period I, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School (ddr-csujad-48-120)
Log of books checked out by thirty-nine students in Period 1, taught by Harry Bentley Wells at Manzanar High School. Four names have been added in red colored pencil, three names have been crossed out. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9929. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0929
Memory of evacuation (ddr-csujad-48-20)
doc Memory of evacuation (ddr-csujad-48-20)
Assignment by Henry Haruda for period VIII World Geography and History class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Henry recounts needing to leave his dog Scrappy behind when his family left Los Angeles. He tells a story of Scrappy stealing bacon from the grocery store and getting into the neighbor's …
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