Education

Schools were quickly organized in the concentration camps, but they suffered from crude facilities and lack of teaching materials. Instruction was given for nursery through high school, and adult education was offered. Trained teachers were in short supply, however, and uncertified Japanese Americans with college degrees often filled in. The War Relocation Authority (WRA) deliberately emphasized Americanization in the education program. Some found it painfully ironic to watch incarcerated youth recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Education (1448)

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1448 items

doc Card from Minoru Hosaka to Miss Masukawa (ddr-csujad-38-390)

A Christmas greeting card from Minoru Hosaka who was Mitzi Masukawa Naohara's student at the nursery and kindergarten at the Poston camp in Arizona. It was probably sent to Mitzi while she was incarcerated at the Poston camp. The caption reads: Pupil in Nursery 2yrs. Kdgtn. 1 yr. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-390/

doc Bookmark, 2nd anniversary Poston 3 Public Library (ddr-csujad-38-413)

A bookmark created for the second anniversary of Poston III Public Library at Block 325 in the Poston camp in Arizona. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 35. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_03_36_003

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-413/

doc Card from Emi and William Oyama to Mitzi Naohara, February 14, 1944 (ddr-csujad-38-360)

St. Valentine's Day card from Mitzi Masukawa Naohara's 324 nursery students, Emi and William Oyama. The caption describes the kids activities on the St. Valentine's Day at the nursery at the Poston camp, Arizona. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 9. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-360/

doc Desert daze, vol. 1, no. 2 (May 27, 1943) (ddr-csujad-35-3)

An issue of a newspaper, "Desert daze" published by Poston I Junior High School. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: kuw_01_03_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-35-3/

doc Desert daze, vol. 3 (March 28-29, 1945) (ddr-csujad-35-10)

An issue of a newspaper, "Desert daze" published by Poston I Junior High School. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: kuw_01_10_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-35-10/

img Manzanar High School auditorium (ddr-csujad-36-3)

Photograph of Manzanar incarceration camp buildings, including the Manzanar High School auditorium and sports facilities. A photo from: Manzanar Photo Album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: man_01_003

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-36-3/

doc Commencement exercises Poston III Senior High School (ddr-csujad-38-355)

A program for the Poston III Senior High School commencement exercises held on June 26, 1943. The caption reads: Poston's first graduation. It includes a list of the graduates. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 5. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_03_06_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-355/

img 324 whole group nursery (ddr-csujad-38-202)

A group photograph of children and teachers of the nursery at the Poston camp in Arizona. Teachers include: Betty Aoyagi, Mitzi Masukawa Naohara, and Hruye Koga. The caption reads: 324 whole group nursery, 3/44. Title from caption. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 5. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-202/

doc Card from Emiko Satake to Mitzi Naohara, February 14, 1944 (ddr-csujad-38-410)

A Valentine's Day card from Emi [Emiko] Satake at age 4, one of Mitzi Masukawa Naohara's nursery school children at the Poston camp in Arizona. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 34. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_03_35_002

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-410/

img Poston school teacher, Barbara Washler (ddr-csujad-38-175)

Photographed is Barbara Washler, a high school teacher at the Poston camp in Arizona. The caption reads: Poston school teacher, Barbara Washler. Title from caption. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 3. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_03_005

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-175/

img Poston Arizona pre-school children (ddr-csujad-38-164)

Photographed are preschool children incarcerated at the Poston camp in Arizona. The caption reads: Poston Arizona Pre-school children. Title from caption. "KF476" is stamped on the backside. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 1. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_01_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-164/

doc Bookmark, 1st anniversary of Poston Public Library at 325 (ddr-csujad-38-411)

A bookmark created for the first anniversary of Poston Public Library at Block 325, the Poston camp in Arizona. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 35. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_03_36_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-411/

doc Commencement exercises Class of 1945 (ddr-csujad-38-373)

A program of the Parker Valley High School commencement exercises for Class of 1945 held at the Highs School Auditorium in the Poston camp in Arizona, on Thursday May 31, 1945. It includes names of the graduates. An announcement card is attached. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 15. See this object in the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-373/

doc Nursery schools (ddr-csujad-38-578)

Mitzi Masukawa's notebook for nursery schools. It appears that she attended a training course for preschool teachers at the Poston camp in Arizona. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_05_16_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-578/

doc Card to Mitzi Naohara, February 24, 1944 (ddr-csujad-38-379)

An invitation card to the Denson Highs School commencement exercises, Class of 1944, held in the Jerome camp in Arkansas on February 24, 1944. It was sent from Misao Oka at the Jerome camp in Arkansas to Mitzi Masukawa Naohara at the Poston camp in Arizona. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 18. See …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-379/

img Block R's of Block 318 (ddr-csujad-38-189)

Photographed are Todd, Tosh, Ben, and John, who are members of "Block R's of Block 318," a Nisei men's club of the high school, at the Poston camp in Arizona. The caption reads: Block R's of Block 318, 1943, Poston, Ariz. Title from caption. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 4. See this …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-189/

doc Reserve ticket (ddr-csujad-38-374)

A reserve ticket, II-N-6, for the Parker Valley High School commencement exercises held at the High School Auditorium in the Poston camp in Arizona on Thursday May 31, 1945. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 15. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_03_16_002

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-374/

doc Personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-38)

Journal entries written by high school students discussing their observations and perspectives on a variety of topics including classes, class discussions, assignments, grades, exams, homework and studying, interclass sports, graduation, dances, and a carnival fundraiser for yearbook. Each entry includes the full date and student name. The entries were part of a class assignment and collected …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-38/

img Two boys writing (ddr-csujad-26-92)

Two young Japanese American boys doing schoolwork write in notebooks. A chalkboard is blurred in the background. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_029

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-92/

img Nursery school (ddr-csujad-26-97)

Children and teacher raising hands in a nursery school classroom. Caption on back of photograph reads, "Nursery school." From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_034

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-97/

doc Personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-43)

Journal entries written by high school students discussing their observations and perspectives on a variety of topics including family interactions, memories, homesickness, friendships, social interactions, school, self-reflection, juvenile delinquency, peer behaviors, death, religion, opinions, and worldviews. Each entry includes the full date and student name. The entries were part of a class assignment and collected for …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-43/

img School children as flowers (ddr-csujad-26-133)

Large group of young children dressed in costume with flower petal headdresses in what appears to be a classroom. The children appear to be in a performance. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_103

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-133/

img High school English (ddr-csujad-26-85)

A crowded classroom filled with students taking notes. Caption on back of photograph reads, "High school English." From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_022

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-85/

img Three small boys (ddr-csujad-26-137)

Photo of three small Japanese American boys who appear to be performing in a classroom. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_107

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-137/

Evacuation and resettlement study, structural report, section II: the first six months at Tule Lake: social changes and a chronology of events (ddr-csujad-26-4)

doc Evacuation and resettlement study, structural report, section II: the first six months at Tule Lake: social changes and a chronology of events (ddr-csujad-26-4)

Report chronicling the first six months Tule Lake camp including the establishment of community activities, employment, schools, and barracks infrastructure. Describes challenges of adjusting to life in camp often using direct quotations from incarcerees to express struggles amid social and cultural groups as well as conflicts and strikes. Several events are also described including a description …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-4/