Religion

Japanese Americans used religion as one way to handle the stress of the incarceration experience. Church served as both a spiritual comfort and a place for community gatherings. On Sundays, Buddhist and Christian services and Sunday schools were held in the recreation halls. State Shintoism was another popular religion within the Japanese American community but was banned by the U.S. government on the grounds that it included "Emperor worship." Church services initially were given in both Japanese and English, but camp authorities later banned the use of Japanese at all group gatherings (although translation into Japanese was later permitted at some religious services).

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Religion (255)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Paul M. Nagano

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255 items
Envelope and letters to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letters to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru and Eva Koyama (ddr-one-5-33)
Envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Camp Livingston from his wife, Teru Koyama, and daughter, Eva Koyama. Postmarked Sep 21, 1942. To the left of the postmark is “9/26/42” written in red pencil. On the left side of the envelope is a purple "Censored" stamp. The left edge of the envelope is torn so that …
Envelope and letters to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letters to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama and Miriam Kiyo Koyama (ddr-one-5-30)
Envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Camp Livingston from his wife, Teru Koyama, and daughter, Miriam Kiyo Koyama. Postmarked Sep 16, 1942. In red pencil “9/20-42” is written to the left of the postmark. In the lower left corner is a purple "Censored" stamp from Camp Livingston. Inside the envelope are two letters, one from …
Postcard to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Postcard to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama (ddr-one-5-65)
One cent postcard addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Santa Fe Detention Station from his wife, Teru Koyama, at Minidoka. Postmarked Aug 16, 1943. To the left of the postmark “Aug-24-43” is written. "Examined" stamp in the lower left corner with "25-3" written on it. On the back dated Aug 15, 1943. Teru writes about the …
Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama (ddr-one-5-53)
Yellowed envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama in Camp Livingston from his wife, Teru Koyama, in Minidoka. Envelope is postmarked Apr 23, 1943, with “Internee of War/Free Mail” handwritten in the upper right corner. Written in red pencil is "5/4/43." Along the left edge of the envelope is clear tape with the number 389, and on …
Postcard to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Postcard to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama (ddr-one-5-23)
One cent postcard addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Camp Livingston from his wife, Teru Koyama, at the Portland Assembly Center. Postmarked Aug 28, 1942. Below the postmark “Sept 1 1942,” is written in red pencil. On the left side of the postcard is a purple "Censored" stamp. The message on the back of the postcard …
Envelope and letter to Dr. Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letter to Dr. Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama (ddr-one-5-71)
Envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Santa Fe Detention Station from his wife, Teru Koyama, at Minidoka. Postmarked Sep 13, 1943. In place of postage, “Internee of War/Free Mail” is written in the upper right corner. Along the top “9/20-43” is written in red pencil. Inside the envelope is a letter dated Sept 12, 1943. …
Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama (ddr-one-5-14)
White air mail envelope with a red, white and blue border. The envelope is addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Fort Sill from his wife, Teru Koyama, at the Portland Assembly Center. Postmarked May 25, 1942. On the left side of the envelope, written in pencil, is “Censored 5/31/42” with initials below. Inside the envelope is …
Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Teru Koyama and Miriam Kiyo Koyama (ddr-one-5-22)
Yellowed envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama in Camp Livingston from his wife, Teru Koyama, in the Portland Assembly Center. The envelope is postmarked August 24, 1942, and is stamped "VIA AIR MAIL" over the postmark. Written in blue pencil under the postage stamp is “Aug 23, 1942.” Written below the address in blue pencil is …
Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo
doc Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo "Kei" Koyama from Andrew "Uncle Chape" Goodenough and Eva "Aunt Eva" Goodenough (ddr-one-5-25)
Envelope addressed to Dr. Kei Koyama in Camp Livingston from Andrew "Uncle Chape" Goodenough and Eva "Aunt Eva" Goodenough in Portland. Postmarked Aug 31, 1942. On the left side of the envelope is a purple "Censored" stamp. Inside the envelope was a newspaper clipping about Boy Scout Troop at the Portland Assembly Center. William Koyama's name …
Report on Jerome to Tule Lake transfer George Kuratomi (ddr-csujad-2-46)
doc Report on Jerome to Tule Lake transfer George Kuratomi (ddr-csujad-2-46)
Detailed informational report about George Kuratomi, an incarceree transfer to Tule Lake Camp from Jerome Camp due to questions about his loyalty to the United States and his activities within the Buddhist repatriate group at Jerome Camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0046
Memo from Co-ordinating Committee to the Advisory Council, March 18, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-100)
doc Memo from Co-ordinating Committee to the Advisory Council, March 18, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-100)
Memo regarding employment of priests as social workers and educational lecturers. Recommends employing nine Buddhist priests, stating that they will have greater influence over the students and parents ("colonists"), the majority of whom are Buddhist, than the Japanese Language School teachers would. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0101
Card from 307 YBA to Mitzi Naohara, March 24, 1945 (ddr-csujad-38-369)
doc Card from 307 YBA to Mitzi Naohara, March 24, 1945 (ddr-csujad-38-369)
An invitation card to farewell social for Hideko Mayeda and Frank G. Tanaka sponsored by 307 Young Buddhist Association (YBA) held at 307 Mess Hall in the Poston camp in Arizona at 7:30 PM on March 24, 1945. It was sent to Mitzi Masukawa Naohara incarcerated at the Poston camp. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook …
Funeral at Manzanar incarceration camp (ddr-csujad-36-7)
img Funeral at Manzanar incarceration camp (ddr-csujad-36-7)
Group photograph of a funeral at the Manzanar incarceration camp. A Buddhist church is pictured behind the group. A photo from: Manzanar Photo Album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: man_01_008
Funeral at Manzanar incarceration camp (ddr-csujad-36-11)
img Funeral at Manzanar incarceration camp (ddr-csujad-36-11)
Group photograph of a funeral for Mrs. Sachiko Sewaki at the Manzanar Christian Church in the Manzanar incarceration camp. A photo from: Manzanar Photo Album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: man_01_012
Christian church in Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-26-7)
doc Christian church in Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-26-7)
Report on the majority Protestant Christian church at Tule Lake and the development of a community church which became known as "Tule Lake Union Church." The report describes church organization, leadership issues and changes, schedules, facilities, church-centered groups and activities, finances, languages and membership. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement …
Religious life in the Gila community (ddr-csujad-26-30)
doc Religious life in the Gila community (ddr-csujad-26-30)
Observations and descriptions of Buddhist, Christian, and Shinto practices by incarcerees including the establishment of Buddhist Church, funeral arrangements and ceremony, Bon festival, and events taking place in and around the churches established at Gila River. Compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California State …
Chapter 8, 9, 10 personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-35)
doc Chapter 8, 9, 10 personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-35)
Journal entries written by high school students discussing their observations and perspectives on a variety of topics including movies, dances, dissatisfaction with recreation, family dynamics, desire to leave camp, cultural and generational differences, and weather. Each entry includes the full date and student name. The entries were part of a class assignment and collected for the …
Japanese couple (ddr-csujad-26-124)
img Japanese couple (ddr-csujad-26-124)
Photo of a Japanese American couple wearing crucifix pins pose outdoors. A crowd is in the background. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_093
Buddhist church preliminary report (ddr-csujad-26-8)
doc Buddhist church preliminary report (ddr-csujad-26-8)
Description of the development and practices of the Buddhist Church at Tule Lake including Sunday school, adult services and the Young Buddhist Association (YBA). Includes several comparisons to the Christian Church and Christians at Tule Lake. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California …
Father Dai (Daisuke Kitagawa) Episcopal minister and his flock (ddr-csujad-26-98)
img Father Dai (Daisuke Kitagawa) Episcopal minister and his flock (ddr-csujad-26-98)
Group photo of parishioners in front of building. Caption on back of photograph reads, "Father Dai (Daisuke Kitagawa) Episcopal minister and his flock." From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_035
Chapter 6 and 7 personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-34)
doc Chapter 6 and 7 personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-34)
Journal entries written by high school students discussing their observations and perspectives on a variety of topics including living in barracks, block noise, lack of privacy, mess hall dining, nosy neighbors, jobs, leisure time, sports, movies, church attendance, the Young Buddhist Association (YBA), family dynamics, social changes, dating, and rumors. Each entry includes the full date …
History of the Tule Lake Union Church as told to James Sakoda by Rev. Kuroda (ddr-csujad-26-9)
doc History of the Tule Lake Union Church as told to James Sakoda by Rev. Kuroda (ddr-csujad-26-9)
Summary of an interview conducted with Rev. Andrew Kuroda describing the beginnings of the Lake Union Church at Tule Lake including how the church was named, election of ward stewards, the organization of the Church Board of Directors and the congregation. Interview conducted as part of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this …
General outline of the life and teachings of the Lord Buddha: Buddhist symbolism (ddr-csujad-48-60)
doc General outline of the life and teachings of the Lord Buddha: Buddhist symbolism (ddr-csujad-48-60)
A General Outline of the Life and Teachings of the Lord Buddha: Buddhist Symbolism; published by Buddhist Brotherhood in America. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0060
Manzanar from the inside (ddr-csujad-48-62)
doc Manzanar from the inside (ddr-csujad-48-62)
Text of address by Roy Nash, Director of the Manzanar War Relocation Project, given to the Commonwealth Club of California, San Francisco, on July 31, 1942 for the purpose of "interpret[ing] the actuality of a War Relocation Center housing 10,000 evacuees" in view of perceptions of mistreatment of incarcerees in California. Sections of the speech include …
Manzanar From Inside Out (ddr-csujad-19-2)
doc Manzanar From Inside Out (ddr-csujad-19-2)
Text of address by Roy Nash, Director of the Manzanar War Relocation Project, given to the Commonwealth Club of California, San Francisco, on July 31, 1942 for the purpose of "interpret[ing] the actuality of a War Relocation Center housing 10,000 evacuees" in view of perceptions of mistreatment of incarcerees in California. Sections of the speech include …
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