Expatriation/repatriation/deportation

From 1943 to 1946, over 20,000 Japanese Americans applied to leave the United States for Japan in a process called "repatriation" (for Issei as non-citizens) or "expatriation" (for Nisei as citizens). Some Issei considered repatriation preferable to remaining in a country that had long discriminated against them. For Nisei, who had rarely been to Japan, expatriation meant renouncing their U.S. citizenship. Some were pressured to do so by family members or extremists; others were bitter about their mistreatment by the government. In total, only 4,724 ended up leaving for Japan directly from the camps and many eventually returned to the U.S. Nearly all Nisei who wanted to were able to regain their citizenship, although the process was long and difficult.

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)
Expatriation/repatriation/deportation (217)

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217 items
Letter from T.F. Fitch, Chief Special Agent, U.S. Dept. of State to Ryo Morikawa (ddr-densho-446-42)
doc Letter from T.F. Fitch, Chief Special Agent, U.S. Dept. of State to Ryo Morikawa (ddr-densho-446-42)
Miss Tsai's name is on a list of Japanese nationals designated for repatriation to Japan. The letter requests her to indicate if she would like to be repatriated. Handwritten notes on reverse.
The Newell Star, Vol. III, No. 7 (February 15, 1946) (ddr-densho-284-119)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. III, No. 7 (February 15, 1946) (ddr-densho-284-119)
Selected article titles: "Repatriates to Sail for Japan on Feb. 21" (p. 1), "Establish 5-Day Rule for Completing Plans" (p. 1), and "Hawaii-Bound Persons Must Be Inoculated" (p. 1).
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 10 (May 4, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-15)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 10 (May 4, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-15)
Selected article titles: "Repatriates Should Notify WRA and Spanish Embassy" (p. 1), "Reopening of Leupp Not Confirmed Here; Best" (p. 2), and "Tule Hardball Season Opens; Nippons Dump Manzanar Nine, 12-6" (pp. 5-6).
The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 47 (November 23, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-101)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 47 (November 23, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-101)
Selected article titles: "Sail from L.A. Dec. 2: 325 to Leave Center for Hawaii Next Friday" (p. 1), "First Group of 'Repats' Leaves Tule Lake Today" (p. 1), "Renunciant Case Draws Comment from S.F. Paper" (p. 2), and "Charles Miller: Gives Report on Northern Calif. Housing Facilities" (p. 3).
The Newell Star, Extra (November 17, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-100)
doc The Newell Star, Extra (November 17, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-100)
Special publication titled "Justice Department Repatriation: First Departure Next Friday."
The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 6 (February 9, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-55)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 6 (February 9, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-55)
Selected article titles: "Notice to Prospective Repatriates Received" (pp. 1-2), "Equal Treatment Assured Students" (p. 1), and "Canada Uncertain on Segregation" (p. 1).
The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 52 (December 28, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-110)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 52 (December 28, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-110)
Selected article titles: "Tule Parolees to Be Granted Hearings Soon" (p. 1), "Justice Dept.: Renunciants May Now Apply for Hearings" (pp. 1-2), "3550 Voluntary Repatriates En Route to Japan" (p. 1), and "Need for More Workers Announced by Placement" (p. 2).
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 6 (April 13, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-11)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 6 (April 13, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-11)
Selected article titles: "Co-ordinators Tender Resignations: Return to Normal State Given Reason for Action" (p. 1, 3), "H. Black Quells Segregation and Repatriation Rumors" (p. 1, 4), "Reserve Corps Status Defined" (p. 1), and "Fiscal Section Reveals 5011 Colonists on WRA Payroll" (p. 2).
The Newell Star, Extra (October 26, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-94)
doc The Newell Star, Extra (October 26, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-94)
Special publication titled "From Department of Justice: Repatriation Announcement Made."
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 16 (June 15, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-23)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 16 (June 15, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-23)
Selected article titles: "Graduation for 120 Seniors on Friday" (p. 1), "Repatriation Requests in Transit to Japan" (PP. 1-2), and "All Meetings, Entertainments Must Be Registered with Police" (p. 2).
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 5 (April 6, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-10)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 5 (April 6, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-10)
Selected article titles: "Sentence Nine Draft Evaders" (p. 1), "Duplicate Forms Needed for Repatriation-Records" (p. 1), "Personnel Mess Fire Caused by Overheating" (p. 2), and "Groundwork Laid for Tule Lake Baseball Association" (p. 6).
The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 44 (November 2, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-96)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 44 (November 2, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-96)
Selected article titles: "Repatriate News Expected Soon" (p. 1), "New Asst. Project Director: Shelly to Expand Tule Relocation Services" (p. 1), and "Establish Housing Project for 500 Near Sacramento" (p. 2).
The Newell Star, Extra (December 10, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-107)
doc The Newell Star, Extra (December 10, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-107)
Special publication titled "Justice Dept. Announces Policy on Repatriation."
The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 50 (December 14, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-108)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 50 (December 14, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-108)
Selected article titles: "Tule Lake Figures: Over 5500 Relocate Since First of Year" (p. 1), "Nisei Merchant Marine Relates Trip to Japan" (p. 2), "Monday, Dec. 17: Deadline for Repatriates' Property Disposal Is Set" (p. 2), and "Former Residents Write of Conditions in East" (p. 3).
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 36 (November 2, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-39)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 36 (November 2, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-39)
Selected article titles: "Repatriates Now Being Resettled in Manchukuo" (p. 1), "WRA Takes Step to Close Leupp Center" (p. 1), and "3 Japanese Captives Shot by Denver Hospital Guard" (pp. 1-2).
The Newell Star, Special Edition (November 26, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-102)
doc The Newell Star, Special Edition (November 26, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-102)
Special publication titled "Second Japan Sailing: Departure of Family Groups Set by Justice Department."
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 1 (March 9, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-6)
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 1 (March 9, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-6)
Selected article titles: "Extravagant Use of Rice Must Be Curtailed - Hayward" (p. 1), "74 Come from Poston Center" (p. 1), and "Myer Refutes Manzanar Rumor on Expatriation" (p. 3).
Letter from Chimata Sumida to War Relocation Authority (ddr-densho-379-740)
doc Letter from Chimata Sumida to War Relocation Authority (ddr-densho-379-740)
Chimata Sumida asks to not be transferred from the Rohwer incarceration Camp to the Tule Lake Segregation Center under the guidelines indicated in Leeland Barrows letter to Edward J Ennis of the Alien Enemy Control Unity. Due to the loss of his original repatriation application, he was unable to retract that original application. Chimata Sumida details …
Letter from Ray D. Johnston to D.S. Myer (ddr-densho-379-742)
doc Letter from Ray D. Johnston to D.S. Myer (ddr-densho-379-742)
Ray D. Johnston, project director, writes to D.S. Myer to communicate that the whole adult population of Rohwer does not want Chimata Sumida to be transferred to Tule Lake. Sumida cancelled his repatriation request too late, but he is too valuable at Rohwer to allow him to be transferred.
Teletype message from Elmer M. Rowalt to Ray D. Johnston (ddr-densho-379-744)
doc Teletype message from Elmer M. Rowalt to Ray D. Johnston (ddr-densho-379-744)
Elmer Rowalt sends a teletype message replying to Ray D. Johnston's letter. He states that Chimata Sumida will not be transferred to Tule Lake.
Message from E.M. Rowalt to R. D. Johnston (ddr-densho-379-745)
doc Message from E.M. Rowalt to R. D. Johnston (ddr-densho-379-745)
Rowalt replies to Johnston's letter from September 10th and grants his request that Chimata Sumida not be transferred to Tule Lake.
Letter from Rohwer incarcerees to War Relocation Authority (ddr-densho-379-743)
doc Letter from Rohwer incarcerees to War Relocation Authority (ddr-densho-379-743)
Ten members of the Rohwer community write to the War Relocation Authority to ask that Chimata Sumida not be transferred to Tule Lake. They praise his work at Rohwer as an Events speaker as well as his position on the Resettlement Board.
Postcard from Hiroshi Suzuki to Masako Sumida (ddr-densho-379-212)
doc Postcard from Hiroshi Suzuki to Masako Sumida (ddr-densho-379-212)
Postcard from Hiroshi Suzuki to Masako Sumida from Camp Livingston, LA letting her know that he was awaiting repatriation but he didn't know where or when
Letter from N.R. Griswold and J.B. Hunter to Ray D. Johnston (ddr-densho-379-741)
doc Letter from N.R. Griswold and J.B. Hunter to Ray D. Johnston (ddr-densho-379-741)
A letter in support of Chimata Sumida staying at Rohwer and not being sent to Tule Lake. Mr. Griswold and Mr. Hunter detail the work Chimata Sumida has done with the night school and his positive impact on camp morale. Mr. Sumida also was a strong voice in favor of relocating and helped many people to …
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