Expatriation/repatriation/deportation

From 1943 to 1946, over 20,000 Japanese Americans applied to leave the United States for Japan in a process called "repatriation" (for Issei as non-citizens) or "expatriation" (for Nisei as citizens). Some Issei considered repatriation preferable to remaining in a country that had long discriminated against them. For Nisei, who had rarely been to Japan, expatriation meant renouncing their U.S. citizenship. Some were pressured to do so by family members or extremists; others were bitter about their mistreatment by the government. In total, only 4,724 ended up leaving for Japan directly from the camps and many eventually returned to the U.S. Nearly all Nisei who wanted to were able to regain their citizenship, although the process was long and difficult.

World War II (283)
Resistance and dissidence (97)
Expatriation/repatriation/deportation (253)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Joe Kurihara

Filters

Facilities

Format

Genre

Usage

Use <Ctrl> or (⌘) keys to select multiple terms

Gallery view
List view

253 items

List of incarcerees to be repatriated from Crystal City with letter from N.D. Collaer to Jonathan Bingham, Chief of Alien Enemy Control (ddr-densho-564-2)

doc List of incarcerees to be repatriated from Crystal City with letter from N.D. Collaer to Jonathan Bingham, Chief of Alien Enemy Control (ddr-densho-564-2)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-2/

List of civilian returned to Hawaii, with letter from A.M. Tollefson, Director Prisoner of War Operations Division to the Visa Division, Department of State. (ddr-densho-564-7)

doc List of civilian returned to Hawaii, with letter from A.M. Tollefson, Director Prisoner of War Operations Division to the Visa Division, Department of State. (ddr-densho-564-7)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-7/

List of Japanese civilians deported to Japan, including letters to Albert Clattenburg, Special Projects Division. Department of State from N.D. Collear and N.F. Kelly, Assistant Commissioners for Alien Control (ddr-densho-564-15)

doc List of Japanese civilians deported to Japan, including letters to Albert Clattenburg, Special Projects Division. Department of State from N.D. Collear and N.F. Kelly, Assistant Commissioners for Alien Control (ddr-densho-564-15)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-15/

Letter from N.D. Collaer, Assistant Commissioner for Alien Control to Albert Clattenburg, Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-12)

doc Letter from N.D. Collaer, Assistant Commissioner for Alien Control to Albert Clattenburg, Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-12)

With names of three Japanese aliens deported to Japan

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-12/

List of Japanese civilians deported to Japan, with letter from N.D. Collaer, Assistant Commissioner for Alien Control to Albert Clattenburg, Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-16)

doc List of Japanese civilians deported to Japan, with letter from N.D. Collaer, Assistant Commissioner for Alien Control to Albert Clattenburg, Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-16)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-16/

List of incarcerees to be repatriated from Fort Lincoln, including letters from W. C. Robbins, office in charge INS Fort Lincoln, North Dakota, to Albert Clattenburg and Major Haynes (ddr-densho-564-5)

doc List of incarcerees to be repatriated from Fort Lincoln, including letters from W. C. Robbins, office in charge INS Fort Lincoln, North Dakota, to Albert Clattenburg and Major Haynes (ddr-densho-564-5)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-5/

doc Letter from N.D. Collaer, Assistant Commissioner for Alien Control to Albert Clattenburg, Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-11)

With names of two Japanese aliens deported to Japan

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-11/

List of Japanese aliens repatriated from Fort Lincoln, including letter from Immigration and Naturalization Service to Albert Clattenburg, Chief Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-10)

doc List of Japanese aliens repatriated from Fort Lincoln, including letter from Immigration and Naturalization Service to Albert Clattenburg, Chief Special Project Division, Department of State (ddr-densho-564-10)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-10/

doc Ordeal of Tokio Yamane (ddr-densho-1007-1825)

Tokio Yamasaki's statement to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians describing the abuse and discrimination he faced while incarcerated which ultimately led to his renouncement of his U.S. citizenship resulting in his deportation to Japan He then argues his support for redress and reparations.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1825/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 1 (March 9, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-6)

Selected article titles: "Extravagant Use of Rice Must Be Curtailed - Hayward" (p. 1), "74 Come from Poston Center" (p. 1), and "Myer Refutes Manzanar Rumor on Expatriation" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-6/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 44 (November 2, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-96)

Selected article titles: "Repatriate News Expected Soon" (p. 1), "New Asst. Project Director: Shelly to Expand Tule Relocation Services" (p. 1), and "Establish Housing Project for 500 Near Sacramento" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-96/

doc The Newell Star, Extra (December 10, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-107)

Special publication titled "Justice Dept. Announces Policy on Repatriation."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-107/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 50 (December 14, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-108)

Selected article titles: "Tule Lake Figures: Over 5500 Relocate Since First of Year" (p. 1), "Nisei Merchant Marine Relates Trip to Japan" (p. 2), "Monday, Dec. 17: Deadline for Repatriates' Property Disposal Is Set" (p. 2), and "Former Residents Write of Conditions in East" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-108/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 36 (November 2, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-39)

Selected article titles: "Repatriates Now Being Resettled in Manchukuo" (p. 1), "WRA Takes Step to Close Leupp Center" (p. 1), and "3 Japanese Captives Shot by Denver Hospital Guard" (pp. 1-2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-39/

doc The Newell Star, Special Edition (November 26, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-102)

Special publication titled "Second Japan Sailing: Departure of Family Groups Set by Justice Department."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-102/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 10 (May 4, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-15)

Selected article titles: "Repatriates Should Notify WRA and Spanish Embassy" (p. 1), "Reopening of Leupp Not Confirmed Here; Best" (p. 2), and "Tule Hardball Season Opens; Nippons Dump Manzanar Nine, 12-6" (pp. 5-6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-15/

doc Notice on Repatriation (ddr-densho-284-95)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-95/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 47 (November 23, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-101)

Selected article titles: "Sail from L.A. Dec. 2: 325 to Leave Center for Hawaii Next Friday" (p. 1), "First Group of 'Repats' Leaves Tule Lake Today" (p. 1), "Renunciant Case Draws Comment from S.F. Paper" (p. 2), and "Charles Miller: Gives Report on Northern Calif. Housing Facilities" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-101/

doc The Newell Star, Extra (November 17, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-100)

Special publication titled "Justice Department Repatriation: First Departure Next Friday."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-100/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 6 (February 9, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-55)

Selected article titles: "Notice to Prospective Repatriates Received" (pp. 1-2), "Equal Treatment Assured Students" (p. 1), and "Canada Uncertain on Segregation" (p. 1).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-55/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 52 (December 28, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-110)

Selected article titles: "Tule Parolees to Be Granted Hearings Soon" (p. 1), "Justice Dept.: Renunciants May Now Apply for Hearings" (pp. 1-2), "3550 Voluntary Repatriates En Route to Japan" (p. 1), and "Need for More Workers Announced by Placement" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-110/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 6 (April 13, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-11)

Selected article titles: "Co-ordinators Tender Resignations: Return to Normal State Given Reason for Action" (p. 1, 3), "H. Black Quells Segregation and Repatriation Rumors" (p. 1, 4), "Reserve Corps Status Defined" (p. 1), and "Fiscal Section Reveals 5011 Colonists on WRA Payroll" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-11/

doc The Newell Star, Extra (October 26, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-94)

Special publication titled "From Department of Justice: Repatriation Announcement Made."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-94/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. III, No. 7 (February 15, 1946) (ddr-densho-284-119)

Selected article titles: "Repatriates to Sail for Japan on Feb. 21" (p. 1), "Establish 5-Day Rule for Completing Plans" (p. 1), and "Hawaii-Bound Persons Must Be Inoculated" (p. 1).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-119/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 16 (June 15, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-23)

Selected article titles: "Graduation for 120 Seniors on Friday" (p. 1), "Repatriation Requests in Transit to Japan" (PP. 1-2), and "All Meetings, Entertainments Must Be Registered with Police" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-23/