Immigration and citizenship

Japanese immigrants began arriving in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century when workers were recruited to meet the growing need for low-wage laborers in the Territory of Hawaii and on the West Coast. Commodore Perry had opened Japan to American commerce and trade relations in 1853, but anti-Asian sentiment resulted in the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907, which halted the immigration of workers from Japan. In 1910, the Japanese population was about 80,000 in Hawaii and 72,000 on the continental United States. Japanese women continued to enter the country until the 1924 Immigration Act cut off immigration from Japan to the United States. Most of the early Japanese immigrants, the Issei (first generation), came as contract agricultural laborers, although many others were students and merchants. While Japanese immigrants were prohibited by discriminatory laws from becoming naturalized citizens of the United States, their American-born children (nisei) held U.S. citizenship.

Immigration and citizenship (431)

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Immigration, Japanese associations

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431 items

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 58, No. 19 (November 8, 1963) (ddr-pc-35-45)

Selected article titles: "JACL Pledges Effort to Push for Stronger Civil Rights Bill" (p. 1), "Washington Newsletter: Compromise Civil Rights Bill" (p. 2), "Congressional Hearings for Braceros Urged" (p. 3), and "Seattle Mayor Urges Negroes to Call Off Vote Boycott Plans" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-35-45/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 58, No. 17 (October 25, 1963) (ddr-pc-35-43)

Selected article titles: "Problems Facing Farmers Dependent upon 'Braceros' Detailed, Many Seem Resigned Program Will Continue for a Year More" (pp. 1-2), "Washington Newsletter: Civil Rights Battle" (p. 2), and "U.S. Gov't Will Pay for Property Claims Rising Out of Bombing on Pearl Harbor" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-35-43/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 56, No. 4 (January 25, 1963) (ddr-pc-35-4)

Selected article titles: "Washington Newsletter: Lest We Forget: 442nd RCT Formed 20 Years Ago" (pp. 1-2), "Berkeley City Council Passes Tough Ordinance Prohibiting Bias in Housing, Each Day of Bias Considered as Separate Offense" (p. 1), "Spark M. Matsunaga" (p. 2), and "Congressman Matsunaga Urges Nisei to Take on Full-Fledged Citizenship" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-35-4/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 58, No. 13 (September 27, 1963) (ddr-pc-35-39)

Selected article titles: "'Weak' Textbooks Charge Recalls Anti-Nisei Passages" (p. 1), "Atomic Bomb Casualty in Hiroshima Said to Have Been Exaggerated by Washington" (p. 1), and "'American Citizenship - Showcase for Freedom'" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-35-39/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 59, Vol. 6 (August 7, 1964) (ddr-pc-36-32)

Selected article titles: "Negro Mayor of Richmond to Address NC-WNDC" (p.1), "Clers Get Answers Refuting Charges against Prop. 14" (p.1, 4), "30 pct. Of Eligible Nisei Registered as Voters in San Francisco County" (p.1), "Impact of HR 7700 on Labor Market Said Insignificant" (p.1), "Calif. Eager to Hire Language Class Teachers" (p.4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-36-32/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 58, Vol. 25 (June 19, 1964) (ddr-pc-36-25)

Selected article titles: "President Johnson May Sign Civil Rights Omnibus July 4" (p.1-2), "JACL Convention to Fete Ben Kuroki for Aiding Evacuees" (p.1), "PSWDC Proposals to Defeat Housing Initiative Bared" (p.1), "Denaturalized Issei Overstaying Abroad Asked to Reapply" (p.1), "Questions of Youth Assembly" (p.2), "Canada Not Proud of Wartime Treatement of Evacuees: Pearson" (p.3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-36-25/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 51, No. 5 (July 29, 1960) (ddr-pc-32-31)

Select article titles: "Hearst editorial supports repeal of alien land law" (p.1); "Canadian Nisei bids for BC legislature" (p.1); "Promotions slow for Oriental workers to supervisory posts, says state expert" (p.3); "Japanese Canadians told 'careful consideration' to immigration problems assured, discuss U.S. Asian-Pacific triangle formula" (p.8)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-31/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 50, No. 14 (April 1, 1960) (ddr-pc-32-14)

Select article titles: "Yokohama student selected as JACL Scout for Jamboree" (p.1); "Gov't invitation for naturalized citizens goes nation-wide" (p.1); "Call in Nisei toxicologist when arsenic found in coffee drunk by Seattle workers" (p.2);

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-14/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 51, No. 11 (September 9, 1960) (ddr-pc-32-37)

Select article titles: "JACL accepts Governor's call to attend senior citizens talk" (p.1); "Heartache and hardship immigration cases cited in JCCA brief evoke sympathy from Canada legislators and prime minister" (p.1); "Issei widow nearly deported to Mexico saved by CL plea" (p.3); "Magnuson hits alien land law as undemocratic" (p.8)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-37/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 51, No. 1 (July 1, 1960) (ddr-pc-32-27)

Select article titles: "League plans definitive Issei history" (p.1); "Visiting novelist from Japan compares 'children of setting sun' with U.S. beatniks" (p.6); "78-year-old Issei among few survivors of first shipload of Japanese to Hawaii" (p.7); "'Japanese go home' incidents reported by Nisei newspaperman in wake of Eisenhower's visit to Japan being postponed" (p.8)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-27/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 51, No. 10 (September 2, 1960) (ddr-pc-32-36)

Select article titles: "Japanese in Hawaii celebrate 75th anniv. Of 1st emigration; recall roll of Ben Franklin's descendant in Japan in 1860-70s" (p.1); "Washington State Congressional Group Endorses Repeal Anti-Alien Land Law" (p. 6)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-36/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 50, No. 12 (March 18, 1960) (ddr-pc-32-12)

Select article titles: "Eisenhower message highlights meeting of 250 naturalized Issei in Los Angeles" (p.1); "Over 5,000 Japanese Immigrants admitted last year into U.S." (p. 8)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-12/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 53, No. 21 (November 24, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-47)

Selected article titles: "42 Restaurants Along Hwy. 40 Ends Race Bias" (pp. 1, 3), "150 Fresno Area Issei Honored by JACL, Hear Yoshimura Report on 'Issei Story'" (p. 1), "'How Much Nipponese Culture Should We Teach Children?' Revives Memories of Roaring '20 Days of Yesler Way Hall" (p. 3), and "Adopted Children from Japan Picking Up …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-47/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 52, No. 26 (June 30, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-26)

Selected article titles: "$300,000 Grant for History Asked, Outlook Encouraging" (p. 1), "Prime Minister Ikeda Cements Japanese-American Friendship in Washington Visit" (pp. 1-2), "'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 5" (p. 1), and "Japanese Wives of Akron GIs Meet at International Institute, All Anxious to Learn More English and Become Americanized" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 54, No. 5 (February 2, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-5)

Selected article titles: "PSWDC Chapter Clinic Expected to Be Among Best" (p.1), "Revised Fair Housing Bill for San Fancisco City Presented" (p.1), "1942 Emergency Meeting" (p.2), "New Canadian Immigration Policy Removing Some Color Bars Adopted, Seek Quality Instead of Quantity-JCCA Not 'Sold'" (p.3), "Oregon State Senator Urges Nisei to Pass Wartime Evacuation Experiences to Sansei" (p.3), …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-5/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 54, No. 26 (June 29, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-26)

Selected article titles: "Greeting Extended for 10th Anniversary of Enactment of Walter-McCarran Immigration and Nationality Act" (p.1), "Man Responsible for Evacuation of Japanese Dies" (p.1). "Anti-Nisei Scene from Canada Film Removed by JCCA" (p.1), "Legislative History of Walter-McCarran Act" (p.2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 55, No. 25 (December 21, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-51)

Selected article titles: "What Prevented Disaster from Becoming a Catastrophe? Evacuation and Resettlement of Japanese Americans Reviewed" (p.A1-2), "Nisei GI and Resettlement" (p.A1, 3), "First Returnees Set Economic Rebirth Pattern" (p.A3), "Fear of Negro-Japanese Conflict Premature" (p.A3), "Japanese American Migration Patterns Following War Relocation" (p.B1-2), "Civil Rights" (p.B3-4), "'60-'70 Planning Commission Cites Advance in Youth" (p.B5), …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-51/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 55, No. 17 (October 26, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-43)

Selected article titles: "Nisei in Washington and Idaho Facing Their 'Moment of Truth' on Nov. 6" (p.1), "U.S. Supreme Court to Hear Schneider Case Testing I&N Act's Denaturalization Section" (p.1), "California Sued by Issei Widow Charging Alien Land Law Denied Right to Inheritance" (p.1-2), "Alien Land Law Claim Fight" (p.2), "Kennedy Signs No-Tax Claims Legislation" (p.3), …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-43/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 55, No. 14 (October 5, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-40)

Selected article titles: "Legislators Understood Discriminatory Language of Law Barring Orientals Suffrage Rights, Job Now with Voters" (p.1, 4), "Idaho SJR 1: Questions and Answers" (p.1, 4), "For Equality for Naturalized Citizens" (p.1-2), "Issei Virtues Extoled in Okura Tribute: (p.3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-40/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 17 (November 25, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-42)

Selected article titles: "Coalition Calls for Ethnic Studies Course" (p. 1), "13,639 Names to Be Included: Memorial Honoring Nikkei WW2 Vets, MIS Proposed" (p. 1), "Immigration Control and Reform Act: Mineta, Matsui, Irked by Report" (p. 1), and "Over 175 Attend JACL-Sponsored Redress Workshop" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-42/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 2 (July 21-28, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-27)

Selected article titles: "Close to 500 Participate as PANA Opens" (pp. 1, 5), "House Increases Redress Figure to $50 Million for Fiscal Year 1990" (p. 1), "Heart Mtn. Resisters Speak Out at Forum" (pp. 1-2), and "First Japanese in U.S. Came by Mistake" (p. 7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-27/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 110, No. 11 (March 23, 1990) (ddr-pc-62-11)

Select article titles: "An Address from JACL-LEC Legislative Strategy Chair"(p.1);"Asian Pacific Municipal Officials Caucus Holds Workshop on Black/Asian Relations"(p.1);"Sakura Grove Dedicated as Memorial to Walerga Assembly Center"(p.2); "70% Increase in Asian/Pacific People from 1980 to 1988 Due to Immigration"(p.3); "San Francisco's Boy Scout Troop 12, Among U.S.'s Oldest, Founded by Issei"(p.8).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-62-11/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 102, No. 22 (June 6, 1986) (ddr-pc-58-22)

Selected article titles: "Nisei Will Receive College Diploma--44 Years Later" (pp. 1, 8), "Governor Seeking Support for Redress" (p. 1), "Camp Memorial to Be Dedicated" (p. 2), and "Program to Provide Help for Mail-Order, Servicemen's Wives" (pp. 3, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-58-22/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 1 (January 2-9, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-1)

Special New Year edition. Selected article titles: "Jackson: Japan Must Improve Treatment of Minorities" (pp. 1, 13), "Putting Substance Behind Our Words" (p. 8), "1986 Chronology" (pp. 10-12), and "Joseph Heco and the Joseph Heco Society" (pp. 18, 20-21).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-59-1/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 82, No. 17 (April 30, 1976) (ddr-pc-48-17)

Selected article titles: "Reparation Campaign Underway" (pp. 1, 3), "Illegal Alien Law Okd" (pp. 1, 3), "Committee for Iva Toguri" (p. 1), and "Wendy's Pretrial" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-48-17/