Mass removal ("evacuation")

On March 2, 1942, Public Proclamation No. 1 began to appear on telephone poles and buildings. This was the first official notice Japanese Americans had of their immediate removal from the West Coast. The notices stated that they had six or seven days to prepare, and were to take only what they could carry. They were not told where they would be taken. People rushed to sell or store, in one week, property and belongings acquired over a lifetime. Some families tucked their valuables away in their attic or basement and locked the door, hoping to return soon. On the appointed "evacuation" day, thousands of Japanese Americans gathered at designated locations, with the numbered identification tags they had been issued tied to their coats. Watched by curious onlookers, they were met by armed soldiers and transported in buses, private cars, and trains to sixteen temporary "assembly centers" in California, Washington, Oregon and Arizona.

World War II (231)
Mass removal ("evacuation") (668)

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doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 52, No. 22 (June 2, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-22)

Selected article titles: "'Get Tough' Policy with Delinquents Urged by Irate Fathers, Statistics Still Show Rate Among L.A. Nisei-Sansei Climbing" (p. 1), "'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 1" (p. 1), and "Cleveland JACL Report: Not Melting Pot, But Salad Bowl" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-22/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 53, No. 2 (July 14, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-28)

Selected article titles: "Proposed Regulations on Nondiscriminatory Policy in Federal Civil Service Reviewed by Special JACL Committee" (p. 1), "'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 7" (p. 1), "Umekichi Takahashi of Reno Believed to Be First Permanent Issei Resident in America" (p. 3), and "Webster, Tex., Cradle of Rice Farms, Put on Map Because of Success of Issei" …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-28/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 53, No. 3 (July 21, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-29)

Selected article titles: "Washington Newsletter: Comments on Evacuation Series" (p. 1), "Akiji Yoshimura's Job as Liaison Chairman for 'Issei Story' Described" (p. 1), "Federal Gov't. Moves to End Housing Bias in Nation's Capital" (p. 1), and "Nevada's New Commission of Equal Rights of Citizens Starts Study of Racial Problems; Negroes Feel Mild Law in Right Direction" …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-29/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 52, No. 26 (June 30, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-26)

Selected article titles: "$300,000 Grant for History Asked, Outlook Encouraging" (p. 1), "Prime Minister Ikeda Cements Japanese-American Friendship in Washington Visit" (pp. 1-2), "'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 5" (p. 1), and "Japanese Wives of Akron GIs Meet at International Institute, All Anxious to Learn More English and Become Americanized" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 52, No. 25 (June 23, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-25)

Selected article titles: "U.S. Supreme Court Rules on Six Cases of Interest to Nisei" (p. 1), "'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 4" (p. 1), "Nisei Rasslers Making Big Hit in Japan, Great Togo and Toshi Togo Attracting Fans" (p. 2), and "Nebraska Anti-Miscegenation Law Bothers Omaha JACL, Seek Repeal" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-25/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 53, No. 1 (July 7, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-27)

Selected article titles: "TV Station Apologizes for Anti-Nisei Film" (p. 1), "Senate Passes Bill to Allow Issei Widow to Remain in U.S., Was to Be Deported" (p. 1), "'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 6" (p. 1), and "Nisei Americans Show Interest in Visit of Prime Minister Ikeda to Washington; Japan Recognized as Hope in Far East" (p. …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-27/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 53, No. 25 (December 22, 1961) (ddr-pc-33-51)

Special holiday issue organized into sections A 1-24, B 1-16, and C 1-4. Selected article titles: "'Evacuation' JACL Statement and Command Decision" (pp. A-1, A-3-A-7), "Nisei Actors Come of Age" (p. A-8), "Chronology of War Relocation Authority Activities" (pp. A-22-A-23), and "JACL vs. Lechner" (pp. B-15-B-16). The holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-51/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 54, No. 26 (June 29, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-26)

Selected article titles: "Greeting Extended for 10th Anniversary of Enactment of Walter-McCarran Immigration and Nationality Act" (p.1), "Man Responsible for Evacuation of Japanese Dies" (p.1). "Anti-Nisei Scene from Canada Film Removed by JCCA" (p.1), "Legislative History of Walter-McCarran Act" (p.2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 55, No. 25 (December 21, 1962) (ddr-pc-34-51)

Selected article titles: "What Prevented Disaster from Becoming a Catastrophe? Evacuation and Resettlement of Japanese Americans Reviewed" (p.A1-2), "Nisei GI and Resettlement" (p.A1, 3), "First Returnees Set Economic Rebirth Pattern" (p.A3), "Fear of Negro-Japanese Conflict Premature" (p.A3), "Japanese American Migration Patterns Following War Relocation" (p.B1-2), "Civil Rights" (p.B3-4), "'60-'70 Planning Commission Cites Advance in Youth" (p.B5), …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-51/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 103, No. 1 (July 4, 1986) (ddr-pc-58-26)

Selected article titles: "Hearing on Aleut Redress Slated" (p. 1), "Seabrook: A Story of Resilience" (pp. 1, 8), "History Students Get First-Hand Account of Japanese American WW2 Experience" (p. 3), and "The PC Editor Search" (pp. 5, 7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-58-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 102, No. 16 (April 25, 1986) (ddr-pc-58-16)

Selected article titles: "Bay Area Conference to Examine Ways to Deal with Rise in Anti-Asian Violence" (p. 1), "Garden Dedicated to Issei Pioneers" (p. 3), "By the Board: Staff, Power and Influence" (pp. 4, 8), and "From the Frying Pan: Six Who Were Rescued" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-58-16/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 19 (May 15, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-19)

Selected article titles: "Japan Names Nikkei Honorees" (p. 1), "Asian Groups Vow to Prevent Future 'Vincent Chin' Cases" (pp. 1, 8), "Government Still Denies Constitutional Violations, Author Drinnon Says" (pp. 1, 3), and "Jennings: AA Journalists Can Link Cultures" (p. 8).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-59-19/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 83, No. 11 (September 10, 1976) (ddr-pc-48-36)

Selected article titles: "Congress Repeals Evacuation Law" (p. 1), "VFW Urges Reparations" (p. 1), "Evacuees Perpetuate Gov. Carr" (pp. 1, 3), and "From the Frying Pan: Gov. Carr Memorial" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-48-36/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 74, No. 15 (April 21, 1972) (ddr-pc-44-15)

Selected article titles: "Invitation to Foreign Minister Protested" (p.1), "Melting-Pot Theory Subtle Form of Bias, Methodist Bishops Told" (p.1), "'Computerized Buddhism' Ambitious Goal of N.Y. Institute on Religions" (p.3), "NBC Schoked by 55 Hate Calls in Ten Minutes" (p.6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-44-15/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 74, No. 14 (April 14, 1972) (ddr-pc-44-14)

Selected article titles: "Archives to Rid Wartime Data on Evacuation" (p.1), "'Phase 2' in L.A.-area Drug Offensive to Be Initiated with JACL Assistance" (p.1), "Japanese Welfare Rights Group Responds to JCC Letter to JACL" (p.6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-44-14/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 11 (March 22, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-11)

Selected article titles: "Priorities: Our JACL Staffers" (p. 1), "Who Can Bowl in JACL Tournament" (pp. 1-2), "Washington Newsletter: What Can I Do About P.R.?" (p. 2), and "Rep. Chet Holifield: Calif. Congressmen Remembered for Opposing Japanese Evacuation in 1942" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-11/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 80, No. 1 (January 3-10, 1975) (ddr-pc-47-1)

Selected article titles: "'Save Whale' Boycott Ad Too Racist for Ecology Unit" (p. 1), "Perspectivist (Internee) History of Manzanar Via Oral Tapes Being Written" (p. 1), "Racism Within Us?" (p. 2), and "Lippmann & Evacuation" (pp. 3, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-47-1/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 81, No. 25 (December 19-26, 1975) (ddr-pc-47-50)

Holiday issue organized into sections A 1-12, B 1-12, C 1-12, D 1-12, and E 1-6. Selected article titles: "Samurai of the Wine Country" (pp. A-1, C-1, C-5, C-8, C-10-D-1), "The Forgotten Nisei" (pp. A-1, A-3-A-5, A-8), "Tokie Was Naturalized 'Twice'" (pp. A-10, B-4), "Anti-Nisei Discrimination in the Mormon State" (pp. B-10-B-11), and "WW2 Gov't Cover …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-47-50/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 80, No. 23 (June 13, 1975) (ddr-pc-47-23)

Selected article titles: "From JACL Nat'l Headquarters Communication: Bills Noted on Illegal Aliens" (p. 1), "Voting Rights Act Extended by House 5-1: Asian Language Ballots Likely in Honolulu and San Francisco" (p. 1), "Nat'l Board Finds No Sufficient Cause in Probe of Leadership" (pp. 1-2), and "Guest Column: Evacuation: A Candid View" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-47-23/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 80, No. 12 (March 28, 1975) (ddr-pc-47-12)

Selected article titles: "Warren Panicked on Evacuation, Says Esquire Story" (p. 1), "Pacific Southwest District Council: No More Impeachment Worries" (pp. 1-2), and "National Dialogue: National Advocacy" (pp. 1-2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-47-12/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 89, No. 2057 (August 24, 1979) (ddr-pc-51-33)

Selected article titles: "Viet Refugee-Texas Crabbers Clash Over Fishing Sites" (pp. 1, 3), "100 Boat People Rescued by French Tanker Lands in Japan" (p. 3), "Question and Answer Sheet: How About the Blessings of Evacuation?" (pp. 5, 7), and "Moshi Moshi: Tackling the Fuel Shortage" (p. 8).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-51-33/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 88, No. 2027 (January 26, 1979) (ddr-pc-51-3)

Selected article titles: "I. Magnin, Joseph Magnin Urging Kenzo Label Change" (p. 1), "Yankee Samurai: Secret Role of Nisei in America's Pacific Victory" (pp. 1, 9-12), "Japan's Pearl Harbor Spy Saw Evacuation as 'Cruel Joke'" (p. 2), and "Min Yasui Letters: From the Multnomah Jail" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-51-3/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 19 (November 5, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-44)

Selected article titles: "Gardena Rescinds Its 1942 'Evacuation' Resolution" (p. 1), "A-Bomb Survivor Returns to Nagasaki for Medical Care" (pp. 1, 5), "Redress Sought for JAs Fired by L.A. County During WW2" (p. 1), and "Former WRA Director Dillon S. Meyer Dies" (p. 1).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-54-44/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 15 (October 8, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-40)

Selected article titles: "Government Used Census Data to Intern Nikkei, Says Toland" (pp. 1, 5), "Journalists Trade Views After U.S.-Japan Exchange Program" (p. 2), "East Wind: A 'Rashomon' View of Nisei Week Queens" (p. 5), and "Seattle Church Heads for Japan Museum" (p. 6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-54-40/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 7 (August 13, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-32)

Selected article titles: "As Trade Tensions Increase, Japan Wary of Scapegoating" (p. 1), "Whaling Ban Adds Problems to Strained U.S.-Japan Relations" (pp. 1, 8), and "Newspapers & Warren" (pp. 4-5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-54-32/