Redress and reparations

In the late 1960s, Japanese Americans began to revisit the history of the exclusion and incarceration period in order to seek justice for their suffering and ensure that no such wrong would ever be committed again. Years of effort by community activists, politicians, academics, and other supporters culminated on August 10, 1988, with the signing of the Civil Liberties Act by President Ronald Reagan. This Act rescinded Executive Order 9066, and mandated an official apology from the federal government, monetary reparations payments to individuals excluded and incarcerated, and the creation of a federal fund for research and education about the incarceration.

Redress and reparations (954)

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doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 25 (June 24-July 1, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-25)

Selected article titles: "Eligibility Issue on Redress Bill Still Unresolved" (p. 1), "'Dear Colleague' Letter: Conservative Congressmen Urge Colleague Support for Redress" (p. 1), "Nisei Veterans Focus on 1993 Celebration" (pp. 1, 3), and "JACL Candidates for National President Speak Out" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-25/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 6 (September 9, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-31)

Selected article titles: "Circulating Verification Forms Confuse Ex-Internees" (pp. 1, 3), "Congressional Record: Lungren's & Bork's Viewpoints on Redress Revealed" (pp. 1, 3), "Mulroney Calls Internment a 'Tragedy', but Refuses to Follow U.S. Example" (p. 1), and "Moshi Moshi: Racism in Japan" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-31/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 14 (April 8, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-14)

Selected article titles: "Mineta Leads Fight to Override Reagan's Veto" (p. 1), "Winner Awarded in July: Contest Focuses on Japanese and JA Experiences in U.S." (p. 1), "'Injustice' Cries Out for Redress, Says Inouye" (p. 3), and "The Treatment of Aliens and Foreigners in Japan" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-14/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 11 (October 14, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-36)

Selected article titles: "'Funny Fact' an Exaggeration?" (p. 1), "Firms Not Sensitive to U.S. Blacks, Says Caucus" (pp. 1, 5), and "UCLA Offering Postdoctoral Fellowships in Japanese American Studies" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-36/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 3 (August 5-12, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-28)

Selected article titles: "Senate Gives H.R. 442 Final Approval, House Next" (pp. 1-2), "Grand Parade to Close '88 Nisei Week" (pp. 1, 7), "No Disgrace in JACL's Admission of Its Wartime Error" (p. 2), and "Violence Against Asians on Important Issue: What Will Replace Redress as JACL's Top Priority?" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-28/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 5 (February 6, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-5)

Selected article titles: "Nikkei Group Honors Frank for Redress Efforts" (p. 1), "Bills Backed by Matsunaga Approved" (p. 2), "Jerome Camp Holding Reunion in California" (p. 3), and "John Aiso: 1909-1987: Army Intelligence Relied on Nisei" (p. 10).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-5/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 16 (April 22, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-16)

Selected article titles: "Dukakis, Gore and Jackson Reps Meet with APAs" (pp. 1-2), "Ready for Vote: Action Initiated on S.1009" (pp. 1, 4), and "Japan's Embarrassing So. African Trade" (pp. 2, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-16/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 2 (January 15, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-2)

Selected article titles: "PSWDC Holds First Recognitions Luncheon Dec. 6" (p. 1), "Marutani Responds: Letter Dismisses Need for Redress" (p. 1), "Breaking Up Japan, Inc." (pp. 2-3, 8), and "Thoughts of a Nisei" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-2/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 24 (June 17, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-24)

Four page travel section appears between pages 4 and 5 of the edition. Selected article titles: "Redress Bills Not Out of Conference Committee Yet" (pp. 1, 6), "Sen. Inouye Addresses Reno Reunion: 'War Against Prejudice' Still Faces Nisei Veterans" (pp. 1-2), "'Japanese American Story' as Theme for Memorial Proposed" (pp. 1, 3), and "The 'Untrustworthy' Japanese" …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-24/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 17 (April 29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-17)

Selected article titles: "Senate Votes $1.3 Billion for WW2 Evacuees" (p. 1), "White House Next Step: S.1009 Passes on Strong Bipartisan Stand of 69 Yeas, 27 Nays, 4 N.V.s" (pp. 1, 4), "Japanese Americans Happy with Senate Passage" (pp. 1-2), "Japanese Canadian Redress--A Review" (pp. 3, 9), and "First Hirabayashi Case Upholds the Curfew" (pp. 4-5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-17/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 14 (November 4, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-39)

Selected article titles: "Redress Payments Unaffected: Supreme Court Crushes NCJAR Lawsuit" (pp. 1, 9), "Delegation Urges Reagan to Sign Census Bill" (pp. 1, 9), "Voting Dukakis Better for America" (pp. 6, 8), and "Voting Bush Is the Obvious Choice" (pp. 6-7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-39/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 18 (May 6, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-18)

Selected article titles: "Redress Will 'Reflect Unfavorably' Says S.I. Hayakawa" (p. 1), "S.1009: JACL-LEC Praises Efforts, Looks to Next Redress Hurdle" (pp. 1-2), "'Wait and See Attitude': NCJAR 'Skeptical' on Chances for Redress" (p. 1), and "JACL After Redress: What Then?" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-18/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 7 (February 19, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-7)

Selected article titles: "LEC Board: Redress 'Looks Good'" (pp. 1, 8), "Budget Tops List of Concerns at Board Meeting" (pp. 1-2), "'Guest Workers' Aren't Welcome" (pp. 3, 6), and "Encouraging Signs for Redress" (pp. 5-6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-7/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 20 (December 23-30, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-45)

Special holiday issue divided into sections A 1-12, B 1-12, C 1-16, D 1-12, E 1-24, D 13-24, C 17-32, B 13-24, and A 13-24. Selected article titles: "The President Signs the Redress Bill" (pp. B-1-B-2), "Decision to Cooperate" (pp. C-4-C-5), "Despite Wishes of Some: Comparatively Few Internees Came from Hawaii" (pp. E-2-E-3, E-19), and "John …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-45/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 17 (November 25, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-42)

Selected article titles: "Coalition Calls for Ethnic Studies Course" (p. 1), "13,639 Names to Be Included: Memorial Honoring Nikkei WW2 Vets, MIS Proposed" (p. 1), "Immigration Control and Reform Act: Mineta, Matsui, Irked by Report" (p. 1), and "Over 175 Attend JACL-Sponsored Redress Workshop" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-42/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 4 (August 19-26, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-29)

Selected article titles: "Reagan Signs Redress Bill" (pp. 1, 5), "American Blacks Upset by Japanese Politician, 'Sambo' Dolls" (pp. 2, 10), "Ujifusa Reveals 'Behind the Scenes' Look Behind Redress Success" (pp. 3-4), and "U.S.-Japan Relations Discussed at Convention Workshop" (pp. 8, 12).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-29/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 1 (July 8-15, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-26)

Selected article titles: "Resolution Admitting JACL 'WW2 Errors' Presented to NCWNP" (p. 1), "Top Aides Urge Approval: Reagan Intends to Sign Redress Bill, Says Mercury News Report" (p. 1), and "Part II: JACL Presidential Candidates Respond to Questionnaire" (p. 7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 13 (April 1, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-13)

Selected article titles: "S.1009 on Senate Backburner--Amendments Submitted" (pp. 1, 10), "Positive 'Role Model': Inouye Receives AAPAA Award" (pp. 1-2), "Matsueda Not Just in It for the Laughs" (pp. 1-2), "Reparations Legislation Is Racist" (p. 5), and "Survivor's Mission: We Can't Afford Another Hiroshima" (pp. 6-7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-13/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 12 (October 21, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-37)

Selected article titles: "3 Historically Significant Letters" (pp. 1, 5), "EEOC Report Finds Asian Americans Underrepresented in Top Federal Jobs" (pp. 1-2), and "Inouye, Matsunaga Announce Start of U.S.-Japan Exchange Program" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-37/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 21 (May 27, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-21)

Selected article titles: "House Votes to Approve Hate Crimes Statistics Act" (p. 1), "Report Addresses Voter Registration in the U.S." (pp. 1, 3, 5), "Recovery of JA History Urged at Conference" (pp. 1, 8), and "Redress Bills Still In Conference Process" (pp. 4, 8).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-21/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 5 (September 2, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-30)

Selected article titles: "JACL Participates in March for Civil Rights" (p. 1), "Nikkei Education Conference: Masaoka, Furutani Opine on Nikkei Options" (p. 2), "Future of Japanese Americans Discussed" (p. 2), and "Extract of HR 442 Conference Report: Redress Bill Signed by President Reagan" (pp. 6-7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-30/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 8 (February 26, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-8)

Selected article titles: "L.A. Program Commemorates Redress Efforts" (pp. 1-2), "Loni Ding's New Film: Award Winning Filmmaker Examines Color of Honor" (pp. 1, 3), and "Racial Discrimination Hurts Japan's Image" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-8/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 13 (October 28, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-38)

Four page travel section appears between pages 4 and 5 of the edition. Selected article titles: "ORA Administrators Manage Human Side, Logistics of Redress" (pp. 1-2), "High Court Assays Civil Rights Case Reversal" (p. 1), "Senate's Passage of Census Bill Is a 'Victory for AAs,' Says Matsui" (pp. 1-2), "What to Do for Redress Questions" (pp. …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-38/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 23 (June 10, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-23)

Selected article titles: "'Only Fair': Bush Says 'Yes' to Redress" (p. 1), "Nikkei Vietnam Vets Saluted in L.A." (pp. 1, 3), "National Board Motions" (p. 5), and "New JACL Budget Figures in Detail" (p. 6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-23/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 14 (April 14, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-14)

Selected article titles: "House Subcommittee: $250 Million for Redress" (p. 1), "AAJA Presents James Omura with 'Lifetime Achievement Award'" (pp. 1, 5), and "By the Board: Keeping JACL Alive" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-14/