Gordon Hirabayashi

Gordon Hirabayashi, a 24-year-old senior at the University of Washington, arrived at the FBI office in Seattle on May 16, 1942, the date that he had been ordered to register for exclusion. He handed the FBI agent a four-page statement that explained why he refused to register. Hirabayashi was raised as a Quaker and trained as a pacifist, and his reasons for refusal stemmed from his religious convictions and pacifism. Hirabayashi was arrested and his case became an important test of the constitutionality of exclusion. In 1986, Hirabayashi's case was reopened and his convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, arguing in part that, "racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders."

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)
Supreme Court cases (16)
Gordon Hirabayashi (110)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Hirabayashi v. United States, Gordon Hirabayashi

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110 items

doc Letter from C. Walter Borton and Homer L. Morris to Dear Friend, May 21, 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-4)

Report to people who have contributed financial support for the Gordon Hirabayashi case on the hearing before the Supreme Court. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JAIC_1-07_02

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-16-4/

doc Letter to Dear Friend from the Gordon Hirabayashi Defense Committee, January 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-3)

Fundraising letter requesting contributions for taking Gordon Hirabayashi's case to the Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco. At the time of writing, Hirabayashi was imprisoned in King County, Washington. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JAIC_1-07_01

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-16-3/

doc Sentinel supplement, series 65 (May 7, 1943) (ddr-csujad-55-1052)

News bulletin for incarcerees covering announcements, events, programs, policies, recreational activities, and jobs at Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Current issue includes information on employment, public gathering permits; fundraising for the Hirabayashi case, sick leave, victory gardens, clothing allowances, dry cleaning, and lost-and-found. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1054

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1052/

doc Outcasts!: the story of America's treatment of her Japanese-American minority (ddr-csujad-55-339)

Pamphlet covering topics including forced evacuation, incarceration, loyalty of the Japanese American population, plans for "resettlement," a program to prevent further discrimination, and details on the Hirabayashi case. Includes photographs. Originally published in Fortune magazine as "Issei Nisei Kibei." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0341

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-339/

doc Democracy and Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-55-344)

Pamphlet describing "evacuation", incarceration, court cases including Wakayama, Korematsu, Yasui, Hirabayashi, and Kanai, and the civil liberties issues surrounding the treatment of individuals of Japanese descent during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0346

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-344/

doc Issei, Nisei, Kibei (ddr-csujad-55-340)

Pamphlet covering evacuation, incarceration, loyalty of the Japanese American population, plans for "resettlement", a program to prevent further discrimination, and details on the Hirabayashi case. Includes photographs. Reprinted as "Outcasts! The Story of America's Treatment of Her Japanese-American Minority." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0342

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-340/

doc Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi vs. The United States of America (ddr-densho-156-188)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-188/

doc Jap 'Objector' To Evacuation Held (May 20, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-804)

The Seattle Daily Times, May 20, 1942, p. 30

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-804/

doc Hirabayashi Taken To McNeil Camp (December 28, 1944) (ddr-densho-56-1089)

The Seattle Daily Times, December 28, 1944, p. 13

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-1089/

doc Nisei Rejects Draft Board's Questionnaire (February 15, 1944) (ddr-densho-56-1024)

The Seattle Daily Times, February 5, 1944, p. 3

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-1024/

doc Hirabayashi Gets Year In Federal Camp (December 1, 1944) (ddr-densho-56-1077)

The Seattle Daily Times, December 1, 1944, p. 5

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-1077/

doc Sentence Too Short, Convicted Jap Tells Court (October 22, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-851)

The Seattle Daily Times, October 22, 1942, p. 38

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-851/

doc Hirabayashi Posts Bond On Draft Charge (July 4, 1944) (ddr-densho-56-1053)

The Seattle Daily Times, July 4, 1944, p. 4

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-1053/

doc Hirabayashi in Trouble Again (June 26, 1944) (ddr-densho-56-1051)

The Seattle Daily Times, June 26, 1944, p. 3

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-1051/

Appeal May Be Carried to Highest U.S. Courts. Principle of American Liberties, Not Jap's Individual Case, Involved, Says Mrs. Marquharson (March 6, 1943) (ddr-densho-56-886)

doc Appeal May Be Carried to Highest U.S. Courts. Principle of American Liberties, Not Jap's Individual Case, Involved, Says Mrs. Marquharson (March 6, 1943) (ddr-densho-56-886)

The Seattle Daily Times, March 6, 1943, pp. 1, 3

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-886/