Supreme Court cases

Three Japanese Americans -- Gordon Hirabayashi, Fred Korematsu and Minoru Yasui -- refused to comply with exclusion and were subsequently arrested. Together, these resisters and their court cases tested two distinct yet intertwined constitutional issues: the legality of military orders on civilians (curfew, in particular), especially as they were selectively applied on the basis of race, and the legality of exclusion, again selectively applied on the basis of race. In all three cases the litigants lost at the trial court level and appealed to the Supreme Court. The Court ultimately upheld the three men's convictions and ruled that curfew orders and exclusion were constitutional.

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (85)
Supreme Court cases (16)

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16 items

doc Densho eNews, December 2008 (ddr-densho-431-27)

Article titles: "From the Director," "From the Archive: Justice Delayed Is Justice Denied: The Mitsuye Endo Supreme Court Case," "Densho News: Sushi + Sake = Success," "Free Teacher Trainings: Social Studies CBA Curricula," "Densho Poll, Japanese American Artists," "New to the Archive: Look inside the Archive: New Photo Collections from Amache," "Regional Events: Book Event: Mine …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-431-27/

doc Memo from Edward Ennis to Charles Fahy (ddr-densho-67-113)

Memo from Edward Ennis to Charles Fahy on the Korematsu case. Ennis discusses the possibility of an appeal by Korematsu and what actions they would have to take. Also warns that this case and others are the first that question the constitutionality of internment.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-113/

doc Memo regarding DeWitt's Final Report (ddr-densho-67-101)

Memo from Edward Ennis to Francis Biddle regarding DeWitt's Final Report. Ennis describes how the War Department tried to keep the report away from the Department of Justice until he saw it by accident. Ennis is protesting the way that DeWitt portrayed the Attorney General and the Justice Department. He suggests that they convince the War …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-101/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 69, No. 15 (October 10,1969) (ddr-pc-41-41)

Select article titles: "PNW backs black demand on building trade unions" (p. 1); "Nisei accused of perpetuating own stereotypes: Apathy, etc." (p. 1); "Sacramento Judge Earl Warren Jr. to ask his father about Evacuation" (p.1); "'Be Human,' Nisei psychiatrist tells police academy graduates" (p. 3); "'Americanization' of Chinatown S.F. increasing militancy of its youth" (p.4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-41-41/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 65, No. 25 (December 22-29, 1967) (ddr-pc-39-52)

Selected article titles: "Supreme Court and the Nisei: 'Equal Justice Under Law' nearer reality for Japanese Americans" (p. 1), "Individual choice in marriage not a concern for State" (p. 1), "Is Warren's legal philosophy of today a consequence of Evacuation?" (p. 1), "Takao Ozawa Case imbeds Issei to 'ineligible for citizenship' predicament" (p. 1), "'The Bill …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-39-52/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 14 (November 4, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-39)

Selected article titles: "Redress Payments Unaffected: Supreme Court Crushes NCJAR Lawsuit" (pp. 1, 9), "Delegation Urges Reagan to Sign Census Bill" (pp. 1, 9), "Voting Dukakis Better for America" (pp. 6, 8), and "Voting Bush Is the Obvious Choice" (pp. 6-7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-39/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 20 (May 20, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-20)

Selected article titles: "Decision Not Unexpected, Says Hohri: Court Sets Back NCJAR Case" (p. 1), "Three JACL Presidential Aspirants Open Campaign at Little Tokyo Forum" (pp. 1-2), "Nakanishi Case: 'Unresolved Questions' at UCLA" (pp. 1, 4), and "Father and Daughter File Lawsuit, Charge Burbank School with Racial Bias" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-20/

doc War Relocation Authority notice on the relocation of unattached children and youth (ddr-densho-381-28)

Myer writes about the specifics of how children under the age of sixteen, who have been separated from their parents for various reasons, can navigate the process of relocating outside the camps.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-28/

doc Letter to Yuri Domoto from Yoshito Shibata (ddr-densho-356-254)

Letter to Yuriko Domoto Tsukada from Yoshito Shibata in which he details his thoughts and feelings about recent news of governmental attempts to bar Japanese Americans from returning to the West Coast and the recent rulings in EO9066 test cases. He then continues the letter by describing a recent carnival near the base and movies he …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-254/

doc Postcard from Sgt. Frank Honda to Iku Morita (ddr-densho-497-9)

Postcard of Le Palais de la Mediterranee, Nice, France.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-497-9/

vh Roger Daniels Interview Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1012-17-10)

The Japanese American Citizens League's leaders' response to Hirabayashi, Yasui and Korematsu (audio only)