Gordon Hirabayashi

Gordon Hirabayashi, a 24-year-old senior at the University of Washington, arrived at the FBI office in Seattle on May 16, 1942, the date that he had been ordered to register for exclusion. He handed the FBI agent a four-page statement that explained why he refused to register. Hirabayashi was raised as a Quaker and trained as a pacifist, and his reasons for refusal stemmed from his religious convictions and pacifism. Hirabayashi was arrested and his case became an important test of the constitutionality of exclusion. In 1986, Hirabayashi's case was reopened and his convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, arguing in part that, "racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders."

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)
Supreme Court cases (16)
Gordon Hirabayashi (110)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Hirabayashi v. United States, Gordon Hirabayashi

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doc U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi Government's Requested Instructions (ddr-densho-72-95)

U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi, Cr. Case No. 45738; U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, Northern Division; Records of the U.S. District Courts (Record Group 21).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-95/

doc U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi Amended Demurrer (ddr-densho-72-93)

U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi, Cr. Case No. 45738; U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, Northern Division; Records of the U.S. District Courts (Record Group 21).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-93/

doc U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi Judgment and Sentence (ddr-densho-72-96)

U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi, Cr. Case No. 45738; U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, Northern Divison; Records of the U.S. District Courts (Record Group 21).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-96/

doc Gordon Hirabayashi's Petition for Writ of Error, Exhibit (ddr-densho-72-97)

Memorandum for the Solicitor General, April 1943 (Exhibit Q, Petition for writ of error): Gordon K. Hirabayashi v. U.S., Case No. C83-122v; District Court, Western District of Washington (Seattle).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-97/

doc Letter to Gordon Hirabayashi (ddr-densho-72-98)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-98/

doc U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi Proposed Instructions of the Defendant (ddr-densho-72-94)

U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi, Cr. Case No. 45738; U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, Northern Division; Records of the U.S. District Courts (Record Group 21).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-94/

doc Indictment paperwork for Gordon Hirabayashi (ddr-densho-72-92)

U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi, Cr. Case No. 45738; U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, Northern Division; Records of the U.S. District Courts (Record Group 21).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-72-92/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 70, No. 6 (February 13, 1970) (ddr-pc-42-6)

Selected article titles: "Japan team to bowl in nat'l JACL tourney" (p. 1), "Sansei helped design little computer aboard Apollo 11-first to land on moon" (p. 1), "Gov. Reagan in Support of Title II Repeal" (p. 1), "Japanese and Indian claims methods against U.S. compared" (p. 1), "Chicago steps up convention planning" (p. 1), "Issue call …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-42-6/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 17 (April 29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-17)

Selected article titles: "Senate Votes $1.3 Billion for WW2 Evacuees" (p. 1), "White House Next Step: S.1009 Passes on Strong Bipartisan Stand of 69 Yeas, 27 Nays, 4 N.V.s" (pp. 1, 4), "Japanese Americans Happy with Senate Passage" (pp. 1-2), "Japanese Canadian Redress--A Review" (pp. 3, 9), and "First Hirabayashi Case Upholds the Curfew" (pp. 4-5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-17/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 3 (January 22, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-3)

Selected article titles: "Hirabayashi Case May Go to High Court" (p. 1), "Northern California Leaders Support Nakanishi" (pp. 1-2), "Congressman Vouches for JACL's Collaboration with Army in 1942" (pp. 2-3), and "Matchmaking Japanese-Style" (pp. 3, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-60-3/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 102, No. 6 (February 14, 1986) (ddr-pc-58-6)

Selected article titles: "Hirabayashi Verdict Reached" (pp. 1, 8), "Colorado Rep Backs H.R. 442" (p. 1), "Remark on Onizuka Protested" (p. 1), and "Bill to Eliminate 'Jap' Proposed" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-58-6/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 102, No. 7 (February 21, 1986) (ddr-pc-58-7)

Selected article titles: "Hirabayashi Celebrates Victory" (pp. 1, 5), "Noted Architect Yamasaki Dies" (p. 1), "East Wind: The Canadian Nisei" (p. 4), and "From the Frying Pan: Overseas Japanese" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-58-7/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 6 (February 13, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-6)

Selected article titles: "Hearing Set for Appeals of Ruling in Hirabayashi Case" (p. 1), "Formerly Weller St.: Street in Little Tokyo Named for Astronaut" (pp. 1-2), "Government Plan to Put Arab Immigrants in Camps Alleged" (pp. 1, 3), and "Defining 'Multicultural Education'" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-59-6/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 16 (April 24, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-16)

Selected article titles: "Parallel Between Treatment of Palestinians and JAs Seen" (pp. 1, 3), "Hirabayashi, Other Asians Listed in Wash. Hall of Fame" (pp. 1, 3), "Conference to Look at How to Resolve Inter-Ethnic Conflict" (p. 3), and "Action in the Senate" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-59-16/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 105, No. 10 (October 2, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-35)

Selected article titles: "AAJA Convention Has 'Write' Stuff" (pp. 1, 3, 8), "Coram Nobis Case: Court Overturns Wartime Convictions" (pp. 1, 6), "Reese Article Calls Redress Issue a Second Attack on Pearl Harbor" (p. 4), and "The Mountainous Ordeal of Passing Redress" (pp. 5-7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-59-35/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 10 (March 13, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-10)

Selected article titles: "Asian Admissions: UC Berkeley Report Fails to Silence Critics" (pp. 1, 3-4), "Arguments Heard in Appeal of 1985 Hirabayashi Ruling" (p. 1), "Getting Nikkei Singles Together--Nationally" (p. 5), and "Conference to Promote Sansei Leadership" (p. 8).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-59-10/

img Outside of the courthouse during Gordon Hirabayashi's hearing (ddr-densho-10-70)

The hearing was held in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-70/

img Gordon Hirabayashi being interviewed outside the courthouse (ddr-densho-10-75)

The hearing was held in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-75/

img Gordon Hirabayashi being interviewed outside the courthouse (ddr-densho-10-74)

The hearing was held in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-74/

img Interview outside of the courthouse during Gordon Hirabayashi's hearing (ddr-densho-10-71)

The hearing was held in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-71/

img View of the United States Courthouse in Seattle (ddr-densho-10-73)

The Gordon Hirabayashi hearing was held here, in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-73/

img Outside of the courthouse during Gordon Hirabayashi's hearing (ddr-densho-10-76)

The hearing was held in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-76/

img Outside of the courthouse during Gordon Hirabayashi's hearing (ddr-densho-10-72)

The hearing was held in Seattle, Washington in front of Judge Donald S. Voorhees.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-72/

doc Letter from C. Walter Borton and Homer L. Morris to Dear Friend, May 21, 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-4)

Report to people who have contributed financial support for the Gordon Hirabayashi case on the hearing before the Supreme Court. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JAIC_1-07_02

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-16-4/

doc Letter to Dear Friend from the Gordon Hirabayashi Defense Committee, January 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-3)

Fundraising letter requesting contributions for taking Gordon Hirabayashi's case to the Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco. At the time of writing, Hirabayashi was imprisoned in King County, Washington. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JAIC_1-07_01

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-16-3/