Living conditions

All of the camps were constructed according to the War Department's specifications, which included barbed-wire fences, guard towers, and armed guards around the perimeter. The camps were organized in "blocks" consisting of twelve to fourteen barracks, a mess hall, communal showers and toilets, laundry facilities, and a recreation hall. Each barracks was divided into four or six rooms with each room housing one family, no matter how large, and there was no running water. The furnishings that Japanese Americans found on their arrival were canvas cots, a potbellied stove, and a single bare light bulb. The thin walls offered little protection from the harsh weather, which ranged from 110 degrees in the summer to 25 degrees below zero on winter nights. The flimsy construction allowed no privacy and made normal family life difficult. Camp inmates improved their own living conditions by creating interior walls and partitions, constructing furniture from scrap lumber, and planting gardens.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Living conditions (1751)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Arts and crafts in camp, Community analysts, Manzanar Children's Village

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1751 items
Chizuko Iyama - Ernie Iyama Interview Segment 7 (ddr-densho-1012-5-7)
vh Chizuko Iyama - Ernie Iyama Interview Segment 7 (ddr-densho-1012-5-7)
Passing time in camp, making furniture out of scrap lumber (audio only)

This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or …

Eiichi Edward Sakauye Interview I Segment 1 (ddr-densho-1005-1-1)
vh Eiichi Edward Sakauye Interview I Segment 1 (ddr-densho-1005-1-1)
Snowy conditions in camp

Eiichi Edward Sakauye shot footage of the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, from 1943-1945, on 8 mm film. This interview is of Mr. Sakauye providing voice-over descriptions for his original footage.

Eiichi Edward Sakauye Interview I Segment 5 (ddr-densho-1005-1-5)
vh Eiichi Edward Sakauye Interview I Segment 5 (ddr-densho-1005-1-5)
Daily activities in camp: lessons, USO, community store

Eiichi Edward Sakauye shot footage of the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, from 1943-1945, on 8 mm film. This interview is of Mr. Sakauye providing voice-over descriptions for his original footage.

Shig Yabu Interview Segment 6 (ddr-densho-1011-10-6)
vh Shig Yabu Interview Segment 6 (ddr-densho-1011-10-6)
Adjusting to living conditions in camp

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

Shig Yabu Interview Segment 9 (ddr-densho-1011-10-9)
vh Shig Yabu Interview Segment 9 (ddr-densho-1011-10-9)
Description of camp facilities: churches, library

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

Nobu Shimokochi Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1011-7-4)
vh Nobu Shimokochi Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1011-7-4)
Adjusting to living conditions in Heart Mountain

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

Kazuo Shiroyama Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1011-6-4)
vh Kazuo Shiroyama Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1011-6-4)
First experience with snow in Heart Mountain

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

Donald Yamamoto Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1011-2-4)
vh Donald Yamamoto Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1011-2-4)
Living conditions in camp and being caught out of bounds

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of …

Gene Akutsu Interview Segment 3 (ddr-densho-1016-4-3)
vh Gene Akutsu Interview Segment 3 (ddr-densho-1016-4-3)
Memories of camp

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

Gloria Kubota Interview Segment 7 (ddr-densho-122-13-7)
vh Gloria Kubota Interview Segment 7 (ddr-densho-122-13-7)
Living conditions in camp

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 3 (ddr-densho-122-20-3)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 3 (ddr-densho-122-20-3)
Preparing for mass removal; memories of Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead …

An oral history with Frank S. Emi - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-68-1)
vh An oral history with Frank S. Emi - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-68-1)
An oral interview with Frank S. Emi, civil rights activist and leading figure of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee. The interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. Audio is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0169. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 3734_F01
An Oral History with Sumiye Takeno, Part II - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-60-1)
vh An Oral History with Sumiye Takeno, Part II - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-60-1)
An oral history with Sumiye Takeno, a current resident of Denver, Colorado. This interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. The purpose of this interview was to gather information regarding Takeno's incarceration and resettlement experience during World War II. Specifically, the interview covers her childhood in Florin, California, …
An oral history with Togo Tanaka - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-62-1)
vh An oral history with Togo Tanaka - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-62-1)
An oral interview with Togo Tanaka, newspaper editor, documentary historian, and businessman who was incarcerated at the Manzanar camp. The interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. Transcription is found in the item: csufccop_jaoh_0104. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 1271.3_T01
An oral history with Joe Yamakido - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-67-1)
vh An oral history with Joe Yamakido - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-67-1)
An oral interview with Joe Yamakido, an incarceree at the Santa Anita Assembly Center and the Jerome incarceration camp. The interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. Transcript is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0168. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 3733_T01
An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-55-1)
vh An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-55-1)
Japanese American congressman, representing the Thirteenth Congressional District of California, born and raised in San Jose, California, discusses his early life, graduation from the University of California, Berkeley, and receiving a commission and serving in the armed forces from 1953-1956. Recalls the removal, "relocation," and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II at the Heart …
An Oral History with Sumiye Takeno, Part I - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-59-1)
vh An Oral History with Sumiye Takeno, Part I - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-59-1)
An oral history with Sumiye Takeno, a current resident of Denver, Colorado. This interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. The purpose of this interview was to gather information regarding Takeno's incarceration and resettlement experience during World War II. Specifically, the interview covers her childhood in Florin, California, …
An oral history with Togo Tanaka - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-61-1)
vh An oral history with Togo Tanaka - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-61-1)
An oral interview with Togo Tanaka, newspaper editor, documentary historian, and businessman who was incarcerated at the Manzanar camp. The interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. Transcription is found in the item: csufccop_jaoh_0102. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 1271.1_T01
An oral history with Atsufumi Archie Miyatake - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-65-1)
vh An oral history with Atsufumi Archie Miyatake - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-65-1)
An oral interview with Archie Miyatake, the son of Toyo Miyatake. Like his father, he was a photographer who took pictures of incarcerated Japanese Americans who were forced into camps during World War II. The interview was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. Audio is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0161. …
An oral history with Celeste Teodor - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-30-19-1)
vh An oral history with Celeste Teodor - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-30-19-1)
An oral interview with Celeste Teodor, an incarceree at the Children's Village orphanage. The interview was conducted for the Children's Village at the Manzanar Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. Audio is found in item: csufccop_cvm_0137. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 3776_F01
An oral history with Annie Sakamoto - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-30-18-1)
vh An oral history with Annie Sakamoto - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-30-18-1)
An oral history with Annie Sakamoto, an incarceree at the Children's Villag orphanage. The interview was conducted for the Children's Village at Manzanar Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. The audio file is found in item: csufccop_cvm_0109. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 2486_F01
An oral history with Dennis Tojo Bambauer - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-30-17-1)
vh An oral history with Dennis Tojo Bambauer - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-30-17-1)
An oral interview with Dennis Tojo Bambauer, an incarceree at the Children's Village. The interview was conducted for the Children's Village at Manzanar Oral History Project by California State University, Fullerton. The audio file is found in item: csufccop_cvm_0105. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 2335_F01
Mollie Nakasaki Interview Segment 13 (ddr-jamsj-2-4-13)
vh Mollie Nakasaki Interview Segment 13 (ddr-jamsj-2-4-13)
Conditions at Poston concentration camp: heat, lack of privacy

This interview was conducted by the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, and is part of a project entitled "Lasting Stories: The Resettlement of San Jose Japantown," a collaborative project between the Japanese American Museum of San Jose and Densho.

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