Decision to incarcerate

World War II (239)
Pearl Harbor and aftermath (270)
Decision to incarcerate (119)

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119 items

doc Memo to Mr. M.H. McIntyre from M.S. Eisenhower (ddr-densho-67-70)

Memo to Mr. M.H. McIntyre from M.S. Eisenhower about letters protesting evacuation. States that the President is receiving many notices from liberal groups questioning the legality of evacuation.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-70/

doc Letter from Col. William Scobey to Dillon Myer (ddr-densho-67-56)

Letter from Col. William Scobey to Dillon Myer regarding Gen. Emmons' response to halting evacuation of Hawaiian Japanese to the mainland. Emmons agreed to suspend evacuation except for those who "would be considered safe" in the mainland. Emmons also states that the response to the all-nisei team was favorable and projects 10,000 nisei volunteers. He suggests …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-56/

doc Memo to Col. Karl Bendetsen from David J. McFadden (ddr-densho-67-61)

Memo to Col. Karl Bendetsen from David J. McFadden on the existing Hawaiian-Japanese evacuation program. Suggests not evacuating Japanese for a number of reasons: evacuation would "cripple" the Hawaiian economy, lack of resources, etc. Suggests small-scale evacuation for people matching certain criteria -- this would be a "token evacuation" to satisfy those who strongly advocated for …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-61/

doc Memo from J.R. Deane to John McCloy (ddr-densho-67-50)

Memo from J.R. Deane to John McCloy officially rescinding the previous order to evacuate Hawaiian Japanese to the mainland. This new order states that any person of Japanese ancestry "considered as potentially dangerous to national security" will be interned in Hawaii.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-50/

doc Memo Re: General DeWitt's report on the Japanese evacuation (ddr-densho-67-75)

Memo from Francis Biddle to Harold Ickes on DeWitt's Final Report. Biddle informs Ickes that parts of DeWitt's report have been refuted by the Federal Communications Commission. Suggests that the information the government received about ship-to-shore signaling and other sabotage was inaccurate.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-75/

doc Memo from William P. Scobey to Dillon Myer (ddr-densho-67-54)

Memo from William P. Scobey to Dillon Myer summarizing a previous message sent to General Delos Emmons about evacuating Hawaiian Japanese. Outlines four major problems with evacuation to the mainland, including legal complications, lack of resources, and potential for tensions between Hawaiian and mainland Japanese. Advises Emmons to reconsider evacuation program.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-54/

doc Series of responses to a letter (ddr-densho-67-46)

A series of responses to a letter written by Congressman Charles F. Ayer to John W. McCormack regarding the "Jap menace" in Hawaii. Urges the evacuation of all Japanese from Hawaii to the mainland to protect from invasion. McCormack forwards this letter to Henry L. Stimson. Thos. T. Handy, assistant chief of staff, forwards the McCormack …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-46/

doc Memo from James Fly to Francis Biddle (ddr-densho-67-77)

Memo from James Fly to Francis Biddle on the incompetence of the Army's Intelligence division. Fly informs Biddle that all of the Army's reports on illegal radio signaling were false. Suggests that the Army's Radio Intelligence Division was so inept that they consistently misinterpreted data, which was unquestioned by J.L. DeWitt. Calls the entire division "pathetic" …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-77/

doc Lt. K.D. Ringle's "Report on the Japanese Question" (ddr-densho-67-9)

Report by Lt. K.D. Ringle, of of the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Opinions: the vast majority of nisei are loyal to the U.S.; less than 3% possibly could act as saboteurs or agents, and are already known to FBI and ONI; nisei should be encouraged to participate in war effort; kibei are most dangerous, should …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-9/

doc Telephone conversation between Bendetsen and Tate (ddr-densho-67-112)

Transcript of telephone conversation between Bendetsen and Tate. Tate proposes two plans: first, that Justices of the Peace be appointed to each camp to hold trials; second, that they begin censoring the mail. Tate suggests that they even withhold the mail like they do with "military prisoners."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-112/

doc Memo: "Japanese Problem in Hawaii" (ddr-densho-67-64)

Memo to Col. Scobey from G.S. Eckhardt regarding the Japanese in Hawaii, specifically Gen. Emmons' power to evacuate. Suggests that Emmons is currently evacuating all aliens and "dangerous" citizens to the mainland, but cannot send more than 5,000.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-64/

doc Memo by General DeWitt (ddr-densho-67-81)

Memo by General DeWitt regarding evacuation of "enemy aliens" on the West Coast. DeWitt comments on a program for evacuation as decided by the California House of Representatives and agrees that the Army and not the Justice Department should control evacuation. Suggests that the Attorney General is not doing an adequate job. He indicates that he …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-81/

doc Memo to Frank Knox from the Vice Chief of Naval Operations (ddr-densho-67-85)

Memo to Frank Knox from the Vice Chief of Naval Operations regarding the Nisei. Suggests that the nisei should not enlist in the armed services except for a select few in Intelligence. Also agrees with a previous statement that 85 percent of the Nisei are loyal. Wants the government to encourage loyalty of the nisei for …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-85/

doc Letter by John L. DeWitt: "Retention of Japanese Evacuees in War Relocation Projects" (ddr-densho-67-27)

Letter written John L. DeWitt, Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, to Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. Recommends separation of the "potentially dangerous" persons within the concentration camps, as well as acquisition of data about the Japanese as a race, to be used in actual and psychological warfare. Also recommends that the War Department retain persons of Japanese …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-27/

doc Memo to President Roosevelt from Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes (ddr-densho-67-96)

Memo to President Roosevelt from Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes. Ickes expresses concern over the hostile situation that has developed in the camps. He attributes this to the poor way the evacuees have been treated. Ickes also worries that thousands of loyal Japanese have recently turned "angry" and suggests better leadership in the War Relocation …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-96/

doc Memo: "Reported Bombing and Shelling of the West Coast" (ddr-densho-67-19)

Memo to the Attorney General from J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI. Refutes statements made in J.L. DeWitt's Final Report that there was espionage activity conducted by Japanese on the West Coast immediately following Pearl Harbor. The FBI investigated all allegations, and found no evidence to support such claims.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-19/

doc Memorandum for the Solicitor General, Re: Japanese Brief (ddr-densho-67-68)

Memo to the Solicitor General from Edward J. Ennis about an article written by Lt. Com. K. D. Ringle. Pg. 1: Ennis summarizes the article, which states that the Japanese are loyal, thus internment should have been on an individual basis. Pg. 2: Ringle's views are shared by the Navy, who thinks that evacuation was handled …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-68/

doc "Memorandum on Summary of West Coast and Honolulu Reports by Munson, etc." (ddr-densho-67-7)

Memorandum by John Franklin Carter.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-7/

doc Memo: "Evacuation of Japanese from Hawaii" (ddr-densho-67-48)

Memo from John McCloy to General Eisenhower giving reasons against incarcerating Hawaiian Japanese: lack of materials and shipping, labor shortage that would ensue, and possible tensions between mainland and Hawaiian Japanese. McCloy also worries about the legalities of evacuating Hawaiian Japanese. Suggests that General Emmons should be in charge of evacuating a select number of "enemy …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-48/

doc Letter by John L. DeWitt: "Separation of Kibei from Nisei" (ddr-densho-67-24)

Letter written by John L. DeWitt, Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, to Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. DeWitt's conclusions: co-mingling of Kibei with Nisei is dangerous, and Kibei are a threat to national security. Recommends that the War Department institute a policy which would separate the Kibei from the Nisei, forfeit the U.S. citizenship of the Kibei, …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-24/

doc Series of memos regarding the Japanese in Hawaii (ddr-densho-67-65)

Series of memos regarding the Japanese in Hawaii. Memo 1: from Frank Knox to President Roosevelt. He suggests that proper action against the Japanese in Hawaii is not being taken and urges the President to look into the matter. Memo 2: Henry Stimson to President Roosevelt. Assures the President that the situation is under control -- …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-65/

doc Interview with Edward Ennis (ddr-densho-67-97)

Interview with Edward Ennis, U.S. Department of Justice attorney. Ennis recalls his feelings about evacuation, internment and reparations. He also describes the roles and opinions of President Roosevelt, J. Edgar Hoover, General DeWitt, Attorney General Francis Biddle and others.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-97/

doc Order 'Freezes' Aliens on Coast (March 30, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-731)

The Seattle Daily Times, March 30, 1942, p. 2

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-731/

Total Evacuation Of Japanese On Coast Advocated. Solons Recommend Action by Army to Protect Vital Defense Centers. (February 13, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-621)

doc Total Evacuation Of Japanese On Coast Advocated. Solons Recommend Action by Army to Protect Vital Defense Centers. (February 13, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-621)

The Seattle Daily Times, February 13, 1942, p. 1

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-621/

doc More Vets Back Alien Removal (March 12, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-684)

The Seattle Daily Times, March 12, 1942, p. 3

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-684/