Decision to incarcerate

World War II (231)
Pearl Harbor and aftermath (247)
Decision to incarcerate (119)

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119 items

doc Japanese Here Oppose Removal. Solon Calls Internment Sacrifice To U.S. Cause (January 31, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-589)

The Seattle Daily Times, January 31, 1942, p. 14

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-589/

doc Shift U.S.-Born Aliens, Too, Say Legionnaires (February 20, 1942) (ddr-densho-56-639)

The Seattle Daily Times, February 20, 1942, p. 13

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-639/

doc Memo regarding DeWitt's Final Report (ddr-densho-67-101)

Memo from Edward Ennis to Francis Biddle regarding DeWitt's Final Report. Ennis describes how the War Department tried to keep the report away from the Department of Justice until he saw it by accident. Ennis is protesting the way that DeWitt portrayed the Attorney General and the Justice Department. He suggests that they convince the War …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-101/

doc "Memorandum on C.B. Munson's Report 'Japanese on the West Coast'" (ddr-densho-67-11)

Memorandum written by John Franklin Carter. Contains passages quoted from C.B. Munson's report. Munson states that there is no Japanese 'problem' on the Coast, and that Japanese in the U.S. are not any more disloyal than any other racial group from a country with which the U.S. is at war.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-11/

doc Letter from Francis Biddle to James Fly (ddr-densho-67-100)

Letter from Francis Biddle to James Fly inquiring about the accuracy of DeWitt's Final Report. Biddle is concerned with the report because of its importance in evacuation decision and because Department of Justice investigations found it baseless. Biddle specifically wants to know if the Federal Communications Commission also investigated the alleged ship-to-shore contacting and if DeWitt …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-100/

doc Letter from Edward Ennis (ddr-densho-67-126)

Letter to Mr. and Mrs. Hughes from Edward Ennis. Ennis is responding to a letter written by the couple protesting internment. Ennis assures them that the government will not take away the constitutional rights of Japanese Americans.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-126/

doc Petition to Congress from the Presbytery of the Redwoods (ddr-densho-67-73)

This group protests the evacuation of Japanese Americans on the grounds that it is unconstitutional. They suggest holding hearings in camps and then allowing the innocent to return home. They also warn that harsh treatment of Japanese Americans will fuel Japanese propaganda and lead to punishment of American POWs.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-73/

doc Telephone conversation between General DeWitt, General Gullion and Colonel Bendetsen (ddr-densho-67-118)

Transcript of a telephone conversation between General DeWitt, General Gullion and Colonel Bendetsen on evacuation. They are discussing a pending press release on the alleged subversive activities on the West Coast. They want to change the press release to favor mass evacuation of all people of Japanese ancestry.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-118/

doc Memo to John J. McCloy from Karl Bendetsen (ddr-densho-67-69)

Memo to John J. McCloy from Karl Bendetsen about General DeWitt's stance on the draft. Suggests that DeWitt wants harsher penalities for draft resistance, i.e. making it a felony instead of a misdemeanor. Reasons that "you can shoot a man to prevent the commission of a felony" and not a misdemeanor.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-69/

doc Memo from John Burling to Philip Glick (ddr-densho-67-116)

Memo from John Burling to Philip Glick on a WRA memo called "validity of detention." Burling critiques the WRA memo -- written in connection to the Korematsu brief -- because of its reliance on DeWitt's Final Report. States that it is also based on heresay and rumors that were never proved to be true, such as …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-116/

doc Memorandum from J. Edgar Hoover to Francis M. Shea, Assistant Attorney General (ddr-densho-67-20)

Memorandum from J. Edgar Hoover to Francis M. Shea, Assistant Attorney General regarding "alien enemies" and internal security. Hoover states his belief that there should be an identification and registration process for all "alien enemies" in the U.S. He recommends that there should be an authority permitted to apprehend citizens and aliens under suspicion. States that …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-20/

doc Transcript of conversation between Col. Bendetsen and Lt. Hall (ddr-densho-67-49)

Conversation between Col. Bendetsen and Lt. Hall on General Emmons and his powers regarding evacuation to the mainland. They discuss how Emmons does not wish to evacuate more than 3,000 Japanese. References to his relationship to the Hawaiian economy are made. They also discuss legal technicalities of Hawaiian evacuation - what powers General Emmons possesses and …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-49/

doc Memo to John J. McCloy from Dwight Eisenhower (ddr-densho-67-67)

Memo to John J. McCloy from Dwight Eisenhower on Hawaiian-Japanese evacuation plans. States that evacuation and detention "in a concentration camp" has been approved, including "enemy aliens" and U.S. citizens.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-67/

doc Memo from Delos Emmons to John J. McCloy (ddr-densho-67-45)

Memorandum from Delos Emmons, Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, to John J. McCloy, Assistant Secretary of War, regarding a previous report on the Japanese in Hawaii. In this memo, Emmons refutes much of the information in the report. He dispels many of the rumors about the Hawaiian Japanese and admonishes the author of the report for being …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-45/

doc Two messages to General Emmons from John McCloy (ddr-densho-67-52)

Two messages to General Emmons from John McCloy requesting information on the 400 evacuated Japanese. Very concerned with whether Hawaiian Japanese should be isolated or permitted contact with mainland Japanese. Indicates a belief that Hawaiian Japanese will infect mainland Japanese. McCloy also asks Emmons if he can stop evacuation without compromising security. Evacuated Japanese prove to …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-52/

doc Letter to General DeWitt from Gov. E. P. Carville about Japanese evacuation (ddr-densho-67-72)

Letter to General DeWitt from Gov. E. P. Carville about Japanese evacuation. Gov. Carville is concerned that the "enemy aliens" would be let loose in his state. He would allow Japanese in his state only if they were put in "concentration camps."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-72/

doc Letter by John L. DeWitt: "Separation of Kibei from Nisei" (ddr-densho-67-26)

Letter written by John. L. DeWitt, Lieutenant General U.S. Army, to Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. Recommends the segregation of Kibei and Issei from Nisei, and steps taken toward the eventual repatriation of some of the Kibei and Issei.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-26/

doc Memo from Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Secretary of War (ddr-densho-67-13)

Memo regarding the encouraging of Americanization in the Army. FDR states separate, race-based battalions or units should be formed on a case-by-case basis, and limited to cases where political advantages are to be gained.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-13/

doc Memo from Lt. Hall to John McCloy (ddr-densho-67-53)

Memo from Lt. Hall to John McCloy on possible consequences of evacuating and repatriating Hawaiian Japanese. Namely that they will either come into contact with enemy spies on the mainland or they will go back to Japan with crucial information. Suggests waiting four months before evacuating and repatriating and after that confining them to "concentration camps." …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-53/

doc Letter to Governor Herbert Lehman from President Roosevelt (ddr-densho-67-95)

Letter to New York Governor Herbert Lehman from President Roosevelt on Italians and Germans in the U.S. In response to a letter from Lehman, Roosevelt assures him that there will be no evacuation of German or Italian aliens/Americans.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-95/

doc Memo regarding DeWitt's Final Report (ddr-densho-67-114)

Memo from Edward Ennis to Paul Freund on DeWitt's Final Report. Ennis does not want the government to use the report to justify internment because of all the false statements in it.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-114/

doc Letter by John L. DeWitt: "Separation of Kibei from Nisei" (ddr-densho-67-28)

Letter written by J.L. DeWitt, Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, to the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. Urges segregation of the Kibei and Issei from the Nisei in the concentration camps, citing deteriorating morale in the camps and influence of "disloyal" sentiment.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-28/

doc Letter from Commander John Ford to Frank Knox about the Japanese in Hawaii (ddr-densho-67-47)

Letter from Commander John Ford to Frank Knox about the Japanese in Hawaii. He warns about the infiltration of "disloyals" and stresses the failure of the FBI and military in controlling the situation. Also mentions the Big Five's dependence on skilled Japanese labor. Knox forwards this to President Roosevelt urging him to consider evacuating all Japanese …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-47/

doc Memo from Dillon Myer to Secretary of War Henry Stimson (ddr-densho-67-78)

Memo from Dillon Myer to Secretary of War Henry Stimson regarding DeWitt's Final Report. Myer summarizes DeWitt's reoprt, focusing on his justifications of military necessity: illicit communications and ship-to-shore signaling. Quotes parts of DeWitt's report where he discusses the threat of the Japanese on the West Coast. In summary, Myer suggests that the decision to evacuate …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-78/

doc Letter titled: "General Sabotage" (ddr-densho-67-37)

Letter from James Hughes, Captain, M.I.D. Intelligence Officer. States that an informant of Japanese ancestry gave information that there would be a signal given for a general wave of sabotage participated in by Germans, Italians, and Japanese.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-37/