Redress and reparations

In the late 1960s, Japanese Americans began to revisit the history of the exclusion and incarceration period in order to seek justice for their suffering and ensure that no such wrong would ever be committed again. Years of effort by community activists, politicians, academics, and other supporters culminated on August 10, 1988, with the signing of the Civil Liberties Act by President Ronald Reagan. This Act rescinded Executive Order 9066, and mandated an official apology from the federal government, monetary reparations payments to individuals excluded and incarcerated, and the creation of a federal fund for research and education about the incarceration.

Redress and reparations (954)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Civil Liberties Act of 1988, Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, Emergency Detention Act, Title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950, Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga, William Hohri, Bill Hosokawa, Japanese American Evacuation Claims Act, Yuri Kochiyama, Magic cables, Kazuo Masuda, Robert Matsui, Spark Matsunaga, Norman Mineta, National Coalition for Redress/Reparations, National Council for Japanese American Redress, James Omura, Redress movement, Termination of Executive Order 9066, Mary Tsukamoto, Edison Uno, Clifford Uyeda

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954 items
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 105, No. 11 (October 9, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-36)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 105, No. 11 (October 9, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-36)
Selected article titles: "Nikkei Crowd Jams Smithsonian Exhibit" (pp. 1, 6), "JACL Says Redress Now, Bork Later" (pp. 1, 8), "Yasui Coram Nobis Update" (pp. 3, 8), and "'Asian Americans and the Death of the Constitution'" (pp. 5-6).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 23 (June 12, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-23)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 23 (June 12, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-23)
Selected article titles: "Teachers Get Lesson about WW2 Camps" (p. 1), "President de la Madrid Credits Japanese Nikkei with Strengthening Japan-Mexico Relationship" (pp. 1, 11), "Lies and Half-Truths" (p. 4), and "Turkish Group Opposes Bill to Fund Films" (p. 10).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 25 (June 26, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-25)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 25 (June 26, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-25)
Selected article titles: "Redress Still a Goal of Nikkei in Canada" (pp. 1, 6), "House Judiciary Committee Passes Redress Legislation" (p. 1), "Ex-Internees Lend a Hand to Refugee Students" (p. 1), and "Manzanar Reunion Planned" (p. 2).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 17 (May 1, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-17)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 17 (May 1, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-17)
Selected article titles: "Redress Lawsuit Filed Too Late, U.S. Govt. Contends" (pp. 1-2), "Issue of Racial Motivation Debated in 2nd Chin Trial" (pp. 1, 8), "Asian Groups Urge Revisions in INS Rules" (p. 3) and "Asian Artists Say They Need Community Support to Break Barriers" (p. 9).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 22 (June 5, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-22)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 104, No. 22 (June 5, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-22)
Selected article titles: "High Court Sends NCJAR Suit Back to Lower Court" (p. 1), "Anti-Redress Material Sent to Members of Congress, Media" (pp. 1-2), "Bill to Fund Internment Film Passes by Second Committee" (p. 3), and "Local Reaction to Vincent Chin Verdict" (pp. 5-6).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 105, No. 1 (July 3, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-26)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 105, No. 1 (July 3, 1987) (ddr-pc-59-26)
Selected article titles: "Report Finds Asians Are Not Model Students" (pp. 1, 5), "Redress Progressing But Still Needs Help, LEC Officials Say" (pp. 1, 5), "The Fruits of Our Labor" (p. 4), and "Trimming PC's Deficit" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 4 (January 29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-4)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 4 (January 29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-4)
Selected article titles: "'Cautious Optimism' on Passage of Redress Bill Seen This Year" (p. 1), "Senator Pleased with Progress of Two Measures" (p. 2), "Pirating the Beatles in Japan" (pp. 2-3, 5), and "Articles About Asian Americans May Be Misleading" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 19 (December 9-16, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-44)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 19 (December 9-16, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-44)
Selected article titles: "PSWD JACL & NCRR Co-Hosting ORA Redress Meeting" (p. 1), "Children of Mixed Marriages: San Fernando JACL Conducts Forum" (p. 1), "Cliff's Corner: The Heart Mountain Resisters" (pp. 4-5), and "Student Beat: Growing Up Nikkei in Wisconsin" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 6 (February 12, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-6)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 6 (February 12, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-6)
Selected article titles: "Professor Wins Grievance Against UCLA" (p. 1), "Letter Strongly Opposes Redress" (p. 2), "LEC Update: The Time Has Come for S.1009" (p. 3), and "A Modest Proposal for the Reparations Debate" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 2 (July 22-29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-27)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 2 (July 22-29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-27)
Selected article titles: "Masaoka Warns Resolution Endangers Redress Program" (pp. 1, 10), "Candlelit Lantern Floats, Buddhist-Christian Services to Remember Hibakusha of Hiroshima-Nagasaki" (p. 3), "National JACL Constitution / Bylaws" (pp. 7-10), and "Former Renunciant Charges WW2 Scientist with Defamation" (p. 13).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 19 (May 13, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-19)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 19 (May 13, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-19)
Selected article titles: "S.1009 & H.R. 442 in Conference; Final Draft Uncertain: Redress Bills Differ Over 'Eligibility' of Individuals" (p. 1), "JACL-LEC Announces Mailgram Info' (pp. 1, 6), "Munn Letter Urges Reagan to Sign Redress Bill" (pp. 2-3), and "Who Is 'Eligible' for Redress?" (p. 4).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 15 (November 11, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-40)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 15 (November 11, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-40)
Selected article titles: "Nikkei Contributions to Floral Industry Recognized by JANM" (p. 1), "ORA Director Updates Redress Progress" (pp. 1, 6), "Report Finds Earnings Gap Decreased Between Asian and White Men in U.S." (p. 2), and "From the Frying Pan: A Return to Distant Roots" (p. 4).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 25 (June 24-July 1, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-25)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 25 (June 24-July 1, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-25)
Selected article titles: "Eligibility Issue on Redress Bill Still Unresolved" (p. 1), "'Dear Colleague' Letter: Conservative Congressmen Urge Colleague Support for Redress" (p. 1), "Nisei Veterans Focus on 1993 Celebration" (pp. 1, 3), and "JACL Candidates for National President Speak Out" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 6 (September 9, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-31)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 6 (September 9, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-31)
Selected article titles: "Circulating Verification Forms Confuse Ex-Internees" (pp. 1, 3), "Congressional Record: Lungren's & Bork's Viewpoints on Redress Revealed" (pp. 1, 3), "Mulroney Calls Internment a 'Tragedy', but Refuses to Follow U.S. Example" (p. 1), and "Moshi Moshi: Racism in Japan" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 14 (April 8, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-14)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 14 (April 8, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-14)
Selected article titles: "Mineta Leads Fight to Override Reagan's Veto" (p. 1), "Winner Awarded in July: Contest Focuses on Japanese and JA Experiences in U.S." (p. 1), "'Injustice' Cries Out for Redress, Says Inouye" (p. 3), and "The Treatment of Aliens and Foreigners in Japan" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 11 (October 14, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-36)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 11 (October 14, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-36)
Selected article titles: "'Funny Fact' an Exaggeration?" (p. 1), "Firms Not Sensitive to U.S. Blacks, Says Caucus" (pp. 1, 5), and "UCLA Offering Postdoctoral Fellowships in Japanese American Studies" (p. 3).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 3 (August 5-12, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-28)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 3 (August 5-12, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-28)
Selected article titles: "Senate Gives H.R. 442 Final Approval, House Next" (pp. 1-2), "Grand Parade to Close '88 Nisei Week" (pp. 1, 7), "No Disgrace in JACL's Admission of Its Wartime Error" (p. 2), and "Violence Against Asians on Important Issue: What Will Replace Redress as JACL's Top Priority?" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 5 (February 6, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-5)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 5 (February 6, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-5)
Selected article titles: "Nikkei Group Honors Frank for Redress Efforts" (p. 1), "Bills Backed by Matsunaga Approved" (p. 2), "Jerome Camp Holding Reunion in California" (p. 3), and "John Aiso: 1909-1987: Army Intelligence Relied on Nisei" (p. 10).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 16 (April 22, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-16)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 16 (April 22, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-16)
Selected article titles: "Dukakis, Gore and Jackson Reps Meet with APAs" (pp. 1-2), "Ready for Vote: Action Initiated on S.1009" (pp. 1, 4), and "Japan's Embarrassing So. African Trade" (pp. 2, 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 2 (January 15, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-2)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 2 (January 15, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-2)
Selected article titles: "PSWDC Holds First Recognitions Luncheon Dec. 6" (p. 1), "Marutani Responds: Letter Dismisses Need for Redress" (p. 1), "Breaking Up Japan, Inc." (pp. 2-3, 8), and "Thoughts of a Nisei" (p. 5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 24 (June 17, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-24)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 24 (June 17, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-24)
Four page travel section appears between pages 4 and 5 of the edition. Selected article titles: "Redress Bills Not Out of Conference Committee Yet" (pp. 1, 6), "Sen. Inouye Addresses Reno Reunion: 'War Against Prejudice' Still Faces Nisei Veterans" (pp. 1-2), "'Japanese American Story' as Theme for Memorial Proposed" (pp. 1, 3), and "The 'Untrustworthy' Japanese" …
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 17 (April 29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-17)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 17 (April 29, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-17)
Selected article titles: "Senate Votes $1.3 Billion for WW2 Evacuees" (p. 1), "White House Next Step: S.1009 Passes on Strong Bipartisan Stand of 69 Yeas, 27 Nays, 4 N.V.s" (pp. 1, 4), "Japanese Americans Happy with Senate Passage" (pp. 1-2), "Japanese Canadian Redress--A Review" (pp. 3, 9), and "First Hirabayashi Case Upholds the Curfew" (pp. 4-5).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 14 (November 4, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-39)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 14 (November 4, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-39)
Selected article titles: "Redress Payments Unaffected: Supreme Court Crushes NCJAR Lawsuit" (pp. 1, 9), "Delegation Urges Reagan to Sign Census Bill" (pp. 1, 9), "Voting Dukakis Better for America" (pp. 6, 8), and "Voting Bush Is the Obvious Choice" (pp. 6-7).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 18 (May 6, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-18)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 18 (May 6, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-18)
Selected article titles: "Redress Will 'Reflect Unfavorably' Says S.I. Hayakawa" (p. 1), "S.1009: JACL-LEC Praises Efforts, Looks to Next Redress Hurdle" (pp. 1-2), "'Wait and See Attitude': NCJAR 'Skeptical' on Chances for Redress" (p. 1), and "JACL After Redress: What Then?" (p. 4).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 7 (February 19, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-7)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 7 (February 19, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-7)
Selected article titles: "LEC Board: Redress 'Looks Good'" (pp. 1, 8), "Budget Tops List of Concerns at Board Meeting" (pp. 1-2), "'Guest Workers' Aren't Welcome" (pp. 3, 6), and "Encouraging Signs for Redress" (pp. 5-6).
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