Education

Schools were quickly organized in the concentration camps, but they suffered from crude facilities and lack of teaching materials. Instruction was given for nursery through high school, and adult education was offered. Trained teachers were in short supply, however, and uncertified Japanese Americans with college degrees often filled in. The War Relocation Authority (WRA) deliberately emphasized Americanization in the education program. Some found it painfully ironic to watch incarcerated youth recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Education (1448)

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vh Min Tonai Interview I Segment 27 (ddr-densho-1000-354-27)

Attending school in camp

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-354-27/

vh Aya Uenishi Medrud Interview Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1000-213-13)

Attending school in camp and learning civics: "this doesn't make sense"

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-213-13/

vh Betty Tanakatsubo Interview Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1000-343-10)

Graduating from high school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-343-10/

vh Lily Kajiwara Interview Segment 10 (ddr-manz-1-105-10)

Chosen to be an assistant teacher in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-105-10/

vh Taira Fukushima Interview Segment 12 (ddr-manz-1-124-12)

Memorable teachers in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-124-12/

vh Eiko Yamaichi Interview Segment 15 (ddr-manz-1-175-15)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-175-15/

vh Michiko Wada Interview Segment 7 (ddr-manz-1-162-7)

Memories of graduating in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-162-7/

vh Michiko Wada Interview Segment 6 (ddr-manz-1-162-6)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-162-6/

vh Willie K. Ito Interview Segment 12 (ddr-manz-1-149-12)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-149-12/

vh Karlene Koketsu Interview Segment 10 (ddr-manz-1-95-10)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-95-10/

vh Victor Ikeda Interview Segment 41 (ddr-manz-1-23-41)

Education in camp: not taking school seriously

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-23-41/

vh Marion I. Masada Interview Segment 13 (ddr-manz-1-155-13)

Memories of school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-155-13/

vh Mitsue Nishio Interview Segment 16 (ddr-manz-1-152-16)

Taking English language classes in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-152-16/

vh Irene Yamauchi Tatsuta Interview Segment 17 (ddr-manz-1-158-17)

Memories of teachers and school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-158-17/

vh Alfred "Al" Miyagishima Interview Segment 18 (ddr-manz-1-27-18)

Taking Spanish classes in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-27-18/

vh Martha Shoaf Interview Segment 3 (ddr-manz-1-9-3)

Early experiences teaching at Manzanar

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-9-3/

vh Martha Shoaf Interview Segment 12 (ddr-manz-1-9-12)

Interaction with students' Issei parents

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-9-12/

vh Martha Shoaf Interview Segment 4 (ddr-manz-1-9-4)

Making do with limited resources while teaching

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-9-4/

vh Martha Shoaf Interview Segment 13 (ddr-manz-1-9-13)

Obtaining teaching books and supplies through donations

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-9-13/

vh Martha Shoaf Interview Segment 11 (ddr-manz-1-9-11)

Having students perform in historical plays

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-9-11/

vh Ko Nishimura Interview Segment 11 (ddr-manz-1-174-11)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-174-11/

vh Toshiko Aiboshi Interview Segment 6 (ddr-manz-1-112-6)

Thoughts on teachers in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-112-6/

vh Rose Tanaka Interview Segment 17 (ddr-manz-1-145-17)

"Deplorable" conditions when schools first opened in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-145-17/

vh Madelon Arai Yamamoto Interview Segment 15 (ddr-manz-1-118-15)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-118-15/

vh Mary Jean Spallino Interview Segment 11 (ddr-manz-1-168-11)

Memorable fellow teachers in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-168-11/