Education

Schools were quickly organized in the concentration camps, but they suffered from crude facilities and lack of teaching materials. Instruction was given for nursery through high school, and adult education was offered. Trained teachers were in short supply, however, and uncertified Japanese Americans with college degrees often filled in. The War Relocation Authority (WRA) deliberately emphasized Americanization in the education program. Some found it painfully ironic to watch incarcerated youth recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Education (1448)

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vh Robert Coombs Interview Segment 22 (ddr-densho-1000-146-22)

Encouraging Japanese American students to believe in a positive future

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-146-22/

vh Robert Coombs Interview Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-146-19)

Description of a typical day of teaching in Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-146-19/

vh Miyoko Tsuboi Nakagawa Interview Segment 7 (ddr-densho-1000-421-7)

Receiving high school diploma in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-421-7/

vh Mo Nishida Interview I Segment 9 (ddr-densho-1000-380-9)

Attending school in camp

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-380-9/

vh Kenge Kobayashi Segment 6 (ddr-densho-1000-37-6)

Eleanor Roosevelt visits a class at Gila River concentration camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-37-6/

vh Betty Morita Shibayama Interview Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-152-19)

Attending school in Tule Lake; memories of a typical day in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-152-19/

vh Betty Morita Shibayama Interview Segment 23 (ddr-densho-1000-152-23)

Attending grammar school in Minidoka; memories of a teacher who nearly used the term "Jap"

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-152-23/

vh Tom Akashi Interview Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-164-19)

Attending school in camp, interviewing school faculty as class reporter

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-164-19/

vh Amy Iwasaki Mass Segment 7 (ddr-densho-1000-470-7)

Vivid memories of elementary school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-470-7/

vh Fumiko Uyeda Groves Segment 20 (ddr-densho-1000-10-20)

Schooling in camp, keen competition among like peers

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-10-20/

vh Marion Tsutakawa Kanemoto Interview Segment 26 (ddr-densho-1000-148-26)

Attending a makeshift high school in camp: "it was a very sparse situation"

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-148-26/

vh Akiko Kurose Interview I Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-41-19)

Graduating from high school in Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-41-19/

vh Hal Keimi Segment 9 (ddr-densho-1000-458-9)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-458-9/

vh Wilbur Sato Segment 8 (ddr-densho-1000-455-8)

Memories of school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-455-8/

vh Mits Takahashi Interview Segment 18 (ddr-densho-1000-207-18)

Attending school in camp: feeling the teachers were sympathetic

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-207-18/

vh Kanji Sahara Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1000-448-10)

Attending school in Jerome

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-448-10/

vh Fumiko M. Noji Segment 32 (ddr-densho-1000-72-32)

Educating and raising a family in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-72-32/

vh Rudy Tokiwa Interview II Segment 21 (ddr-densho-1000-92-21)

Going from student to teacher at school

This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-92-21/

vh Kazie Good Interview Segment 9 (ddr-densho-1000-429-9)

Quality of teachers and education in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-429-9/

vh Frank T. Sata Interview I Segment 11 (ddr-densho-1000-499-11)

Memories of school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-499-11/

vh May K. Sasaki Segment 21 (ddr-densho-1000-79-21)

Attending school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-79-21/

vh May K. Sasaki Segment 22 (ddr-densho-1000-79-22)

Reciting the "Pledge of Allegiance" in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-79-22/

vh Hank Shozo Umemoto Interview Segment 18 (ddr-densho-1000-294-18)

Attending school in camp: memorable teachers

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-294-18/

vh Lucius Horiuchi Interview Segment 9 (ddr-densho-1000-202-9)

Attending high school in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-202-9/

vh Min Tonai Interview I Segment 28 (ddr-densho-1000-354-28)

Being called upon to teach a high school class in camp

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-354-28/