Discrimination

av Interview with George Nakamura, part 1 of 5 (ddr-densho-1007-1680)

Nakamura discusses leaving camp for language school at Camp Savage, his experience in high school, his first encounter with racism in the South while at Camp Shelby, and his experience with racial discrimination as a child and young adult. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions in the background. Original title: 196, II JA #14, George …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1680/

av Interview with Paul Minerich, Tim Nomiyama, Masao Kataoka, and Kenjiro Hayakawa, part 7 of 8 (ddr-densho-1007-1804)

From left to right: Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa. Nomiyama discusses why it took so long to restart efforts to get the court-martials of the DB Boys reversed. Kataoka discusses the efforts of Edmund Zane, why he decided to try again, and his frustration with the US government. Minerich discusses why the DB Boys refused service, the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1804/

av Interview with Manny Goldberg, part 1 of 6 (ddr-densho-1007-1562)

Goldberg discusses his service on Iwo Jima and Saipan, his work with Nisei, his education at New York University and the University of Michigan, his time at the MISLS, his thoughts on evacuation/internment and the difference in treatment of white and Nisei students at the MISLS. Video starts at 0:36. Loni Ding can be heard asking …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1562/

av Interview with Paul Minerich, Tim Nomiyama, Masao Kataoka, and Kenjiro Hayakawa, part 2 of 8 (ddr-densho-1007-1799)

From left to right: Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa. Minerich discusses the urgency of the DB Boys case. Nomiyama and Kataoka discuss whether they thought their court martials would ever be reversed. Kataoka discusses growing up in LA, meeting Edmund Zane in high school, how the two became friends, how Zane picked up the legal case of …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1799/

av Interview with Nobuo Yamashita, part 2 of 5 (ddr-densho-1007-1777)

Yamashita discusses serving with Minoru (Min) Hara, his family's business ventures (farming and produce), being deployed to the 6th Infantry Division in New Guinea, how he kept himself busy while serving, the story of a boy who was shot in a friendly fire incident, his issues with his officers, not getting furlough, and the death of …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1777/

av Interview with Robert H. Foote, part 4 of 4 (ddr-densho-1007-1528)

Foote discusses discrimination against Japanese-Americans. Also talks about draft resisters and those who were killed in action. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Video starts at 1:00. Original title: 33, II NY #12, 6-85, Foote interview

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1528/

av Interview with Barry Saiki, part 2 of 5 (ddr-densho-1007-1703)

Saiki discusses his mother's reaction to his father's arrest and imprisonment, his time at Stockton Assembly Center, the attitudes of incarcerees at Stockton, the difficulty Nisei faced trying to find jobs at the time, and being relocated to the Rohwer camp. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II JA #42, …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1703/

av Interview with John Fujii, part 1 of 2 (ddr-densho-1007-1691)

Fujii, who was born and lives in Japan, discusses growing up in Livingston, CA, realizing he was Japanese as a child, going to college at Pomona, segregation in the schools he attended as a child, and his family's internment during the war. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions in the background. Original title: 202, II …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1691/

av Interview with Kazuko Iijima, part 4 of 4 (ddr-densho-1007-1534)

Iijima discusses joining her husband at Camp Shelby in Mississippi, witnessing discrimination against others, the Nisei experience in camp, and the importance of talking about the past. Video starts at 0:53. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: 39, II NY #18, 6-85, Kazuko Iijima

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1534/

av Interview with Akiko, Brian Yamakoshi, Kenny and Chizuko, part 3 of 4 (ddr-densho-1007-1719)

Akiko, a Japanese national, discusses her time in the US, meeting a Nisei couple from Watsonville, CA, being a minority in the US, the differences between Japanese Americans and Japanese nationals, and racial discrimination in the US. Original title: 226, II JA #58, Brian Yamakoshi, Fri. Feb. 7. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1720/

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1719/

av Interview with Gary and Grace Itano, part 3 of 6 (ddr-densho-1007-1807)

Grace discusses moving to Orange County after her husband's death, her impressions of the DB Boys and her relationship with them, Gary discusses learning about the DB Boys, his father's plans for his children, how going to Japan helped broaden his worldview, and his father's philosophy. Interview starts at 0:55. Loni Ding can be heard asking …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1807/

av Interview with Henry (Hank) Gosho, part 1 of 3 (ddr-densho-1007-1768)

Gosho discusses returning to Seattle from Japan before the war, his brothers being conscripted into the Japanese army, Pearl Harbor, his father's arrest by the FBI, assuming the Nisei wouldn't be evacuated, being relocated to Puyallup/Camp Harmony, realizing that he was a prisoner, his time at Minidoka, deciding early on to join the military, and the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1768/

doc Congressional Record, vol. 129, no. 37: Proceedings and Debates of the 98th Congress, First Session (ddr-densho-1007-1863)

This Congressional Record excerpt includes the statement of Senator Howard Metzenbaum titled "Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II" given on March 22, 1983. In his statement Metzenbaum criticizes the motives of Executive Order 9066, describes impacts of incarceration, and argues for the need for redress.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1863/

av Roger Daniels interviewed by Kent Hori, part 2 of 4 (ddr-densho-1007-1757)

Daniels discusses the reaction to Pearl Harbor, anti-Japanese sentiment and hysteria, the decision to incarcerate, reactions to EO 9066, James Omura's testimony against internment (and reads a letter Omura wrote), the treatment of German and Italian Americans during the war, the process of evacuation, and resistance to evacuation. Part 1 of this interview is not in …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1757/

av Interview with Frank Emi, part 3 of 6 (ddr-densho-1007-1794)

Emi discusses the racial discrimination he experienced as a child, not speaking up for himself in high school, the impact of racism on Nisei, the lessons he learned from his parents, the Fair Play Committee's case in the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals in Denver, and the charges levied against the Committee. Interview starts at 0:31. …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1794/

av Interview with John Aiso, part 4 of 5 (ddr-densho-1007-1577)

Aiso discusses the difficulty Nisei had becoming commissioned officers, the qualities of Nisei MISLS students, how he himself learned Japanese, his time at Harvard Law School and difficulty finding a job, his time working for the British American Tobacco Company in Manchukuo, being drafted and founding the MISLS, and the role of Nisei soldiers during the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1577/

av Interview with Ray Aka, part 2 of 6 (ddr-densho-1007-1686)

Aka discusses being drafted in San Francisco, his reaction to Pearl Harbor (which happened two months after he was drafted), being relieved from duties after Pearl Harbor, his prospects as a Nisei growing up in Hawaii, his father's arrest in Hawaii and incarceration in mainland US. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions in the background. …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1686/

av Interview with Shiro Tokuno, part 3 of 4 (ddr-densho-1007-1783)

Tokuno discusses the role of Nisei in the occupation, the attitudes Japanese nationals and American officers had toward Nisei, his service managing agricultural/forestry/fisheries/mining in occupied Japan, the policies he helped implement, moving to Sacramento and farming after the war, deciding to go into military intelligence, his mother's thoughts on him joining the military, and working with …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1783/

av Interview with Harry and Ken Akune, part 1 of 6 (ddr-densho-1007-1589)

Ken is on the left, Harry on the right. The two discuss growing up together in Turlock, CA, the years they spent in Japan as children, their father's relationship with the Caucasian community in Turlock, and the racial discrimination they faced in Turlock. Video starts at 0:28. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1589/

av Interview with George Nakamura, part 5 of 5 (ddr-densho-1007-1684)

Nakamura discusses helping his son write a paper on internment, the importance of the Pacific Citizen newspaper for his children, and racial discrimination in the US. At 10:45, George and Loni Ding look and talk through several of his old papers and letters. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions in the background.Original title: II JA …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1684/

av Interview with Clarence Matsumura, part 3 of 5 (ddr-densho-1007-1771)

Continued from ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1609/. Matsumura discusses the impact of growing up in a small town in Wyoming (particularly the lack of discrimination), the discrimination he faced in Heart Mountain, the movie theaters he ran at Heart Mountain, the extracurricular programs he helped run in camp, going to school, volunteering for the military from school, his time …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1771/

av Roger Daniels interviewed by Kent Hori, part 4 of 4; interview with John Kaneko, part 1 of 3 (ddr-densho-1007-1759)

Daniels discusses the early successes of the Japanese army, the political justifications for relocation, why German and Italian Americans were not vilified in the same way, and the lack of support for Japanese Americans politically, culturally, and legally. Includes audio from reaction shots of Daniels and Hori, as well as recordings of Hori asking standalone questions. …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1759/

av Interview with Jim Ariyasu, part 5 of 5; interview with Harry Akune, part 1 of 4 (ddr-densho-1007-1600)

Ariyasu discusses saving a peer from a court martial, his real estate work, and racial solidarity. At 15:10, interview with Ariyasu ends and interview with Harry Akune begins. Akune discusses his time at Merced and Amache, volunteering for the army from camp, and his community's reaction to his decision to volunteer. Loni Ding can be heard …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1600/

av Interview with Paul Minerich, Tim Nomiyama, Masao Kataoka, and Kenjiro Hayakawa, part 3 of 8 (ddr-densho-1007-1800)

From left to right: Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa. Kataoka discusses being a soldier when evacuation started, the interment of his wife, and the relationship between Kibei and Nisei soldiers. Kataoka and Nomiyama discuss how they met. Nomiyama discusses when he decided to refuse to serve, being called a traitor when he left Japan, returning to the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1800/

doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 29 (July 20, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-77)

Selected article titles: "Myer Sets Dates for Closing of 8 Centers" (pp. 1-2), "Discrimination Hit in Seattle Boycott Case" (p. 2), "2 Army Officers to Fight Racial Discrimination" (p. 2), and "5422 Evacuees on WRA Payroll on June 30" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-77/

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