Formation and work

The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) was created on July 30, 1980 by an act of Congress. Formed mainly to investigate matters surrounding the incarceration and to recommend appropriate remedies, the CWRIC had no power to correct grievances and was viewed as a "copout" by those fighting for more immediate redress. Still, hearings were conducted in 20 cities across the nation beginning in 1981, and in 1982 the CWRIC issued its report 'Personal Justice Denied.' It was an exhaustive work that combined the testimonies of former camp inmates given at the hearings and research conducted by a team led by Aiko Yoshinaga Herzig. Ultimately, the CWRIC recommended, among other things, $20,000 individual compensation to those incarcerated and a formal government apology. This recommendation would be the basis for the many redress bills that were to follow. *See the CWRIC collection under photos/documents for examples of the documents found by CWRIC researchers.

Redress and reparations (966)
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) (106)
Formation and work (56)

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56 items
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 12 (March 22, 1957) (ddr-pc-29-12)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 12 (March 22, 1957) (ddr-pc-29-12)
Select article titles: "Japan Actor to Visit Hollywood, Aided stranded Nisei during War" (p. 1); "Simplified form for renunciant now at I&NS" (p.1); "Purple Heart veteran steals ring; nets $10, but faces 15-yr. prison term" (p. 3); "Busy start for Monterey Peninsula CL, auxiliary and Boy Scouts calendared" (p. 5); "Permanent home for Korean tyke sought …
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 89, No. 2065 (October 19, 1979) (ddr-pc-51-41)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 89, No. 2065 (October 19, 1979) (ddr-pc-51-41)
Selected article titles: "More Co-Sponsors Back Internment Commission Bill" (p. 1), "PC Chronology: 1929-79 / Fifty Years" (p. 3), "Vol. 1, No. 1: What's What on the Pages in '29" (p. 3), and "Random Musings: The Nikkei Tradition" (p. 8).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 89, No. 2064 (October 12, 1979) (ddr-pc-51-40)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 89, No. 2064 (October 12, 1979) (ddr-pc-51-40)
Selected article titles: "114 Co-Sponsor HR 5499, Internment Commission Bill" (p. 1), "Assemblyman Mori Bill Solves Problem Cited by Nikkei Farmer" (p. 1), "Down to Earth: Relief in Sight" (p. 2), and "Redress Phase 2: HR 5499 in the Hopper" (pp. 4, 6).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 22 (November 26, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-47)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 22 (November 26, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-47)
Selected article titles: "Japan Grows Weary of Being 'Scapegoat' for U.S. on Trade" (pp. 1, 4), "CWRIC Member Says Commission May Urge Individual Reparations" (pp. 1, 4), "Mazzoli Sees No Bias in Immigrant Reform Bill" (pp. 1, 5), and "National JACL's Response to L.A. Times' Story: On CWRIC Report: A Statement" (p. 6).
Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 8 (August 20, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-33)
doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 8 (August 20, 1982) (ddr-pc-54-33)
Selected article titles: "Redress Guidelines Are Adopted; $300,000 Loan to Committee Won" (pp. 1, 6), "Japan's War Atrocities Become Subject of Best-Seller in Tokyo" (pp. 1-2), and "East Wind: 'Hentaisei': Commentary II" (p. 5).
Public Law 96-317 (ddr-densho-122-251)
doc Public Law 96-317 (ddr-densho-122-251)
Establishing the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC)
Brief by Bay Area Attorney's for Redress on Selected Constitutional Issues (ddr-densho-122-261)
doc Brief by Bay Area Attorney's for Redress on Selected Constitutional Issues (ddr-densho-122-261)
Submitted before the Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), personal information redacted.
Draft letter by the NCRR (ddr-janm-4-16)
doc Draft letter by the NCRR (ddr-janm-4-16)
Four-paged draft letter by the NCRR. There is a place at the end for a signature but it is not signed.
Letter to the Director of Presidential Personnel (ddr-densho-274-161)
doc Letter to the Director of Presidential Personnel (ddr-densho-274-161)
Letter recommending Judge Charles Z. Smith to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.
Letter to the Director of Presidential Personnel (ddr-densho-274-163)
doc Letter to the Director of Presidential Personnel (ddr-densho-274-163)
Letter recommending Judge Charles Z. Smith to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.
Letter to President Jimmy Carter (ddr-densho-274-160)
doc Letter to President Jimmy Carter (ddr-densho-274-160)
Letter recommending Judge Charles Z. Smith to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.
Letter to President Jimmy Carter (ddr-densho-274-162)
doc Letter to President Jimmy Carter (ddr-densho-274-162)
Letter recommending Judge Charles Z. Smith to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.
Men standing behind President Jimmy Carter in White House, signing of Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens Act into law (ddr-densho-393-5)
img Men standing behind President Jimmy Carter in White House, signing of Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens Act into law (ddr-densho-393-5)
Unknown, Clifford Uyeda, Ted Stevens, Daniel Inouye, Ron Ikejiri, Barbara Ikejiri, Norm Mineta, Spark Matsunaga, George Danielson. President Carter seated. photo front and back. Signed by George Danielson, Congressman from California.
Group at desk in White House, signing of Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens Act into law (ddr-densho-393-24)
img Group at desk in White House, signing of Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens Act into law (ddr-densho-393-24)
Clifford Uyeda (at left in back in gray suit), Ted Stevens (red tie), Daniel Inouye (center facing camera), Ron Ikejiri (center back), Barbara Ikejiri (in front of Rod Ikejiri), President Jimmy Carter (center with back to camera), Spark Matsunaga (at Carter's right). Signed "To Ron Ikejiri, In appreciation of your continuing efforts on behalf of the …
Men standing behind President Jimmy Carter in White House, signing of Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens Act into law (ddr-densho-393-4)
img Men standing behind President Jimmy Carter in White House, signing of Commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens Act into law (ddr-densho-393-4)
Left to right: Unknown, Clifford Uyeda, Ted Stevens, Daniel Inouye, Ron Ikejiri, Barbara Ikejiri, Norm Mineta, Spark Matsunaga, George Danielson. President Carter seated. Photo front and back.
William Marutani Segment 12 (ddr-densho-1000-44-12)
vh William Marutani Segment 12 (ddr-densho-1000-44-12)
Being the only Japanese American on the commission, knowing the facts

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were …

William Marutani Segment 7 (ddr-densho-1000-44-7)
vh William Marutani Segment 7 (ddr-densho-1000-44-7)
The decision to form a commission

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The …

William Marutani Segment 11 (ddr-densho-1000-44-11)
vh William Marutani Segment 11 (ddr-densho-1000-44-11)
Dealing with the criticism and scrutiny of being on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of …

William Marutani Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-44-19)
vh William Marutani Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-44-19)
The decision to form a commission

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The …

William Marutani Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1000-44-13)
vh William Marutani Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1000-44-13)
Larger awareness of Japanese American history

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The …

William Marutani Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1000-44-10)
vh William Marutani Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1000-44-10)
Deciding to accept the commission appointment

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The …

William Marutani Segment 15 (ddr-densho-1000-44-15)
vh William Marutani Segment 15 (ddr-densho-1000-44-15)
The commission meetings, very little discussion

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The …

William Marutani Segment 21 (ddr-densho-1000-44-21)
vh William Marutani Segment 21 (ddr-densho-1000-44-21)
Preparing the commission's recommendations

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews therefore …

William Marutani Segment 14 (ddr-densho-1000-44-14)
vh William Marutani Segment 14 (ddr-densho-1000-44-14)
Having faith in the facts

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews …

William Marutani Segment 20 (ddr-densho-1000-44-20)
vh William Marutani Segment 20 (ddr-densho-1000-44-20)
The commission findings and recommendations, a pragmatic approach

This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one …

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