Redress and reparations

In the late 1960s, Japanese Americans began to revisit the history of the exclusion and incarceration period in order to seek justice for their suffering and ensure that no such wrong would ever be committed again. Years of effort by community activists, politicians, academics, and other supporters culminated on August 10, 1988, with the signing of the Civil Liberties Act by President Ronald Reagan. This Act rescinded Executive Order 9066, and mandated an official apology from the federal government, monetary reparations payments to individuals excluded and incarcerated, and the creation of a federal fund for research and education about the incarceration.

Redress and reparations (966)

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doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 4 (August 18-25, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-29)

Selected article titles: "Regulations on Documentation for Redress Payment Smoother" (p. 1), "'Vincent Chin'-Type Case Explodes in Raleigh, N.C." (pp. 1, 8), "Tri-District Convention Speech: Nakagawa Calls for Nat'l 'Nikkei Summit' in 1990" (p. 3), and "522nd Field Artillery Scouts Liberated Dachau Death Prisoners: Why a New York Judge Mobilized Jews to 'Go for Broke' on …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-29/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 7 (September 15, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-32)

Selected article titles: "Zero Monies Appropriated for FY 1990: Senate Serves Goose Egg for Redress Appropriation" (p. 1), "Next One in Denver: Over 400 Attend JACL Singles Con" (p. 1), "WRA Camp Papers Assessed by Oregon Journalism Professor" (p. 1), and "English to Japanese and Back: Meanings 'Lost in Translation'" (p. 7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-32/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 20 (December 22-29, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-45)

Special holiday issue separated into sections A 1-24, B 1-24, C 1-24, D 1-24, and E 1-16. Selected article titles: "A Tribute to Dyke Miyagawa" (p. B1), "A Set of Historic Redress Letters: Including Two Read by Reagan Himself" (pp. B-6-B-7), "JACL-LEC and Redress" (p. C-1), "From Evacuation to Redress: A Speech Delivered at the Third …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-45/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 16 (November 17, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-41)

Selected article titles: "Information on Redress Form: Documentation Procedures Streamlined, Three Options Identified by JACL-LEC" (p. 1), "Bush Receives Conference Report Containing Redress Entitlement" (p. 1), "Japanese Contributions for No. Calif. Earthquake Relief Total $9.5 Millions [sic]" (p. 2), and "L.A. Participants Called to Add Stitches to 'Threads of Remembrance' Pictorial Quilt" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-41/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 6 (February 17, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-6)

Selected article titles: "Bush Silent on Redress Money" (p. 1), "Education Conference: More APAs Needed in Higher Education" (pp. 1-2), "Japanese American Celebration at UCLA" (pp. 2, 5), and "From the Frying Pan: Errors of Ignorance Hurt Nonetheless" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-6/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 24 (June 23, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-24)

Selected article titles: "JACL Participation in Nationwide Redress Rally Sought" (p. 1), "ORA's Proposed Redress Regs Announced" (pp. 1, 3), "Film Review: 'Who Killed Vincent Chin?': A Must-See" (pp. 1, 3), "Ouchi Dolls Given to Klamath Falls Museum in Memory of WWII Balloon Bomb Victims" (p. 7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-24/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 13 (April 7, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-13)

Selected article titles: "Nikkei Groups Urge $500 Million Redress for '89" (p. 1), "Manzanar Committee: 20th Annual Pilgrimage to Manzanar Set for April 29th" (p. 1), "Commentary: Redress Payments Seen as $84 Million Windfall for Toronto, Vancouver, B.C." (pp. 1, 5), and "Moshi Moshi: Japan's Retrogression into the Past" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-13/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 17 (May 5, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-17)

Selected article titles: "House Stalls Emergency Appropriation Bill with $250 Million Redress Payment" (p. 1), "Buddhist Bell Being Returned to Okinawa, a Shuri Castle Relic" (p. 1), "Planning Workshop Sizes Up JACL Strengths & Weaknesses" (p. 3), and "Director's Seat: JACL's Program for Action" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-17/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 19 (May 19, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-19)

Selected article titles: "Appropriations Process: Senate-House Conference Approves $150 Million for Redress Payments in FY 1990 Federal Budget" (p. 1), "Japanese Americans Seek to Defend Redress in Court" (p. 1), "Washington Asian Legislator Hails Enactment of 'English Plus' Law" (p. 2), and "By the Board: JACL's 'Mega-Fund' Proposal: Another Perspective" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-19/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 1 (January 6-13, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-1)

Selected article titles: "Only $20 Million in Redress Budgeted for FY 1990" (pp. 1-2), "JACL-LEC Submits Position on Redress to the ORA, Urges Broad Interpretation" (p. 2), "1988 Chronology" (pp. 7-9), and "Japan Visit by Seattle JACL Chapter President Roger Shimizu an Eye Opener" (p. 18).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-1/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 12 (October 20, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-37)

Selected article titles: "Some 600 Over Age 90 Prepare for $20,000 Redress Payment" (pp. 1, 3), "On Redress Entitlement: Inouye's Speech in Senate About His Mainland Buddies of 442 Volunteering 'from Behind Barbed Wire' Stirs Wide Support" (pp. 1, 7), "Redress Administration Revises Forms, JACL-LEC Distributes Copies to Chapters" (pp. 1, 3), and "What Hath 'Jubal …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-37/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 7 (February 24, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-7)

Selected article titles: "JANM Annual Meeting: Smithsonian May Extend Its Exhibit on Japanese Americans Another Five Years" (pp. 1, 3), "Los Angeles: First Day of Remembrance Since H.R. 442 Passage Held" (pp. 1, 6), "ORA Tries Outreach to Possible Redress-Eligibles Living in Japan" (pp. 2, 6), and "3,726,440 Asian/Pacifics Counted in 1980" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-7/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 8 (September 22, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-33)

Selected article titles: "JACL-LEC Members Add Support to Inouye's Redress Entitlement" (p. 1), "S.F.'s JA Library Granted $5,000 from NCJAR" (p. 1), "Chronicles the Yasui Family: Lise Yasui's 'Family Gathering' Airing Oct. 17" (pp. 3, 6), and "Japanese Press Translation: America's Three Victories in World War Two" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-33/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 9 (March 10, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-9)

Selected article titles: "Suit Called 'Frivolous': Vets' Group Plans Injunction to Stop Redress" (pp. 1, 5), "JACL-LEC Meeting: Redress Campaign Continues" (pp. 1, 3), "Pima Indians Recall Injustice Against Japanese Americans" (p. 4), and "'Our Times': Japan's Era from Showa to Heisei" (pp. 4-5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-9/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 11 (March 24, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-11)

Selected article titles: "Interpretation Snarls Redress Payments" (p. 1), "American War Veterans Relief Association: Anti-Redress Group's Past Called 'Murky'" (p. 1), "Calif. Senate Reviews UCB Admissions Policy Report" (pp. 1, 3), and "Asian Immigrants Among Target of Australian Violence; Inquiry Scheduled" (pp. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-11/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 2 (July 21-28, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-27)

Selected article titles: "Close to 500 Participate as PANA Opens" (pp. 1, 5), "House Increases Redress Figure to $50 Million for Fiscal Year 1990" (p. 1), "Heart Mtn. Resisters Speak Out at Forum" (pp. 1-2), and "First Japanese in U.S. Came by Mistake" (p. 7).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-27/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 25 (June 30, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-25)

Selected article titles: "Nebraska Suing to Revoke Ranch Ownership by Japanese Nationals" (p. 1), "Simon's Compromise: Immigration Bill Strikes 'Points for English'" (pp. 1, 6), "Needs Bush's Signature: Congress O.K.s $2.1 Mil for ORA" (pp. 1-2), and "Japanese Canadians Redress Fund to Rebuild Communities" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-25/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 3 (August 4-11, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-28)

Selected article titles: "17 Japanese Americans Seek Dismissal of Anti-Redress Suit" (p. 1), "March and Rally for $500 Million Now in Redress Staged" (pp. 1, 7), "Japanese Canadian Redress Community Fund: $12 Million: Issei, Nisei, Sansei Ideas Differ on Use of Funds; Regional Patterns Vary on Importance of Projects" (p. 2), and "Moshi Moshi: English in …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-28/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 17 (November 24, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-42)

Selected article titles: "Army Military Intelligence Service School: Nisei MIS Gears for 50th Anniversary Fete in 1991" (p. 3), "Southern California Premiere Dec. 1: 'Forbidden City, USA' Due in Little Tokyo" (p. 3), "Editorial of the Pacific Citizen: The Lesson in Securing Redress" (p. 4), and "Untold Chapter of the 552nd Field Artillery: The Liberation of …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-42/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 14 (November 3, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-39)

Selected article titles: "Congress Passes Money Bill for Redress" (p. 1), "Certain Latin Americans May Qualify" (pp. 1, 6), "1989 Class of Washington D.C. Leadership Conference: Key Issues Facing Japanese Americans Discussed by JACLers with Government, Nikkei Leaders" (pp. 1, 5), "Japan Government, Firms Donate $7.2 Million for Earthquake Relief" (p. 2), and "Masamori Kojima Journalism …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-39/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 12 (March 31, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-12)

Selected article titles: "Next Redress Payment Hearing Before House Appropriations" (p. 1), "SFSU Rejects Nakajo's Grievance" (pp. 1-2), "LEC Update: Letters Relevant to Redress Progress Exchanged" (p. 3), and "Theater Review: EW Players' 'Webster Street Blues' Captures Sansei Life" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-12/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 21 (June 2, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-21)

Selected article titles: "House Strips $250 Million Set for Redress from Emergency Bill" (p. 1), "Three-Year Battle Won: UCLA Grants Don Nakanishi Tenure" (pp. 1-2), "Entire Hawaii State House Legislators Urge Pres. Bush for Full Redress Payment" (p. 2), "JACL Resolution on Civil and Human Rights in Japan Seen Filled with Misunderstanding" (p. 5), and "Assembly …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-21/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 18 (May 12, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-18)

Selected article titles: "Redress Recipients in Colorado Hail Passage of Bill" (p. 1), "JACL Responds to Company Selling 'Racist' Comic Books" (p. 1), "Japanese Canadian Art Works Gathered for Major Exhibit" (p. 2), and "American Jewish Committee Partners with Japan JACL on Cultural Exchange" (pp. 3, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-18/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 108, No. 23 (June 16, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-23)

Selected article titles: "Text: Proposed Redress Provisions.: U.S. Attorney General's Proposals for Eligibility Viewed as 'Liberal'; Appeal Process Included" (pp. 1-5), "Central Cal DC Spring Conference: 'Nikkei Summit' on Minorities, Community Issues Proposed" (pp. 1, 12), "30-Minute Documentary on Redress Movement to Be Produced by Nat'l JACL" (p. 1), and "Important Role of JACCC Recalled by …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-23/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 109, No. 15 (November 10, 1989) (ddr-pc-61-40)

Selected article titles: "Conference Report Shunted Back to House: Senate Delays Money Bill for Redress" (p. 1), "JACL, OCA, Etc.: Concerns Discussed at D.C. Anti-Asian Violence Confab" (p. 1), "For the Japanese American National Museum Collection: Artifacts Gathered from Basement of S.K. Uyeda (Taul) Building Being Torn Down in Little Tokyo" (p. 3), and "Sequel to …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-61-40/