Nisei female. Born April 8, 1935, in Richmond, California. Grew up in Richmond, where grandfather established a flower nursery business. During World War II, removed to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Returned to Richmond and resumed the family business after the war.

Sansei female. Born May 25, 1944, in the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Her parents, both Kibei, grew up in San Francisco, California. During World War II, they were incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. They signed "no-no" on the so-called "loyalty questionnaire," renounced their U.S. citizenship, and were transferred to Tule Lake when it …

Nisei male. Born February 28, 1925, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco, where parents had a grocery store business. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved to Iowa to attend college and avoid the mass incarceration. Attended college in Nebraska and Michigan. Drafted into the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during …

Nisei female. Born November 3, 1919, in Berkeley, California. Grew up in Berkeley, where father ran a laundry business. Graduated from school and opened a beauty shop in 1940. During World War II, removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Had two children in camp and suffered numerous medical complications. …

Nisei male. Born June 23, 1930, in Fairfax, Washington. Grew up in Venice, California, where parents had a produce farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Parents signed "no-no" on the so-called "loyalty questionnaire" and decided to return with the family to Japan to live. After several years in Japan, came …

Sansei male. Born April 3, 1949, in East Los Angeles. Grew up in South Central Los Angeles in the Watts neighborhood, where parents owned a grocery store. Attended UCLA and became involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Father was one of the "Fort McClellan Disciplinary Barrack Boys," or "DB Boys," who resisted military orders during World …

Born May 23, 1936, in Callao, Peru. Spent early childhood in Peru, where parents ran a laundry business, and father was a prominent community leader. During World War II, the FBI arrested Jimmy's father and the entire family was placed on a ship and sent to the Department of Justice camp at Crystal City, Texas. After …

Born August 20, 1938, in Lima, Peru. Parents ran a laundry business and father was a prominent community leader. During World War II, the FBI arrested George's father and the entire family was placed on a ship and sent to the Department of Justice camp at Crystal City, Texas. After leaving camp, the family was not …

Born July 28, 1942, in Callao, Peru. Before World War II, parents ran a laundry business and father was a prominent community leader. When Kazumu was still an infant, the FBI arrested his father and sent the entire family to the Department of Justice camp at Crystal City, Texas. After leaving camp, the family was not …

Nisei female. Born May 26, 1944, in the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Prior to World War II, parents lived in Hood River, Oregon. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, they were removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, before transferring to Minidoka. After leaving camp, the family resettled in …

Born in Baltimore, Maryland. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Was the ORA's Manager, Stage II Verification Team, from 1990 to 2000. By 1993 some of the ORA staff began working on Civil Rights investigations, …

Born in Chicago, Illinois. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as an Administrator with the ORA from 1989 to 1991. After leaving the ORA, worked with the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, the Office …

Born in Alexandria, Virginia. During the Redress Movement, the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA) was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as a Project Manager with the ORA from 1990 to 2000.

Born in Wilmington, Delaware. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as a Program Management Analyst for the Special Verification Unit of the ORA from 1991 to 1995. After leaving the ORA, following a brief …

Born in Washington, D.C. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as the ORA's Deputy Director, Verification Unit, from 1989 to 1997. After leaving the ORA, went on to work as the Deputy Executive Officer, …

Born in Bethesda, Maryland. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. From 1988 to 1992, was Administrator for the Office of Redress Administration as well as Executive Officer for the Civil Rights and Criminal Division. After …

Born in Atlanta, Georgia. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Was Legal Counsel for the ORA from 1991 to 2000. After leaving the ORA, was Chief and Deputy Chief, Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act Branch, …

Born in Virginia. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as a Historical Researcher with the ORA from 1988 to 1996. After retirement in 1996, worked as a consultant to DOJ on a variety of …

Born in Newport News, Virginia. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as a Document Technician with the ORA from 1997 to 2000. After the ORA sunset, continued to work for the Department of Justice/Civil …

Nisei female. Born August 26, 1934, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco's Japantown neighborhood, where father ran a carpentry business. During World War II, removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, returned to San Francisco with parents and finished high school. While still in …

Sansei male. Family owned Linc's Tackle, a longtime Japanese American business in Seattle, Washington. Prior to World War II, father became the owner of Togo's Tackle shop. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. While the family was in camp, their prewar insurance agent paid the premiums …

Nisei male. Born May 15, 1922, in Kahului, Maui, Hawaii. Grew up in Kahului, where parents ran a hotel. Was attending the University of Hawaii as a member of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. As a member of the ROTC, was inducted into the newly formed …

Nisei-Sansei male. Born July 8, 1935, in Gardena, California. Spent childhood in Gardena, where father had a wholesale produce business. During World War II, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Returned to Southern California after leaving camp, living briefly in a hostel set up at the Evergreen Baptist Church of Los Angeles. Moved …

Nisei female. Born April 14, 1925, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Beaverton, Oregon, where parents farmed and sold produce at a nearby market. During World War II, family moved to Ontario, Oregon, to avoid mass removal, and worked for a white farmer. Toshiko attended Boise State University in Idaho and then moved to Seattle after …

Nisei-Sansei female. Born 1938 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in the town of Christopher, now part of Auburn, Washington, where parents ran a grocery store. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to the Fort Missoula internment camp, Montana. The rest of the family went to the Puyallup Assembly …