Living conditions

The "assembly centers" were hastily erected quarters located throughout the West Coast at fairgrounds, racetracks and other similar facilities. Conditions at these locations were appalling. People were housed in animal stalls and barracks with communal bathrooms and mess halls. Privacy was next to nonexistent. Most families lived in a 20-by-20-foot room separated from the next "apartment" by wood partitions that did not reach the ceiling. Shortages of food and deplorable sanitation were common. Overcrowding, uncertainty, and stress created tension in the "assembly centers," even as the demoralized camp inmates tried to improve living conditions.

World War II (231)
Temporary Assembly Centers (231)
Living conditions (389)

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389 items
Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Waegell, June 8, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-59)
doc Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Waegell, June 8, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-59)
Handwritten correspondence from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Waegell describing living conditions at the Fresno Assembly Center. Waegell is spelled as Wegella. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00063
Walerga wasp, no. 6 (May 30, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2511)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 6 (May 30, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2511)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. Current issue includes articles on beet workers, adult education, and sports. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2617
Saturday news (Fresno, California) (May 16, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-46)
doc Saturday news (Fresno, California) (May 16, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-46)
News bulletin from the Fresno Assembly Center. Topics include sanitation, baby formula, milk prescription, repairs, press room, mail order, alien change of address, selective service, church notes, typhoid inoculation, and lost and found. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00050
Letter from Mary Kuwabara to Mrs. Waegell, June 8, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-2563)
doc Letter from Mary Kuwabara to Mrs. Waegell, June 8, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-2563)
Letter from Mary Kuwabara to Mrs. Waegell regarding arriving at Pinedale Assembly Center. She writes about daily life at the camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2671
Walerga wasp, no. 7 (June 4, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2512)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 7 (June 4, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2512)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. Current issue includes articles on "evacuation," schools, and sports. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2618
Walerga wasp, no. 2 (May 13, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2507)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 2 (May 13, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2507)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2613
Walerga wasp, no. 5 (May 27, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2510)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 5 (May 27, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2510)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2616
Walerga wasp, no. 4 (May 23, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2509)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 4 (May 23, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2509)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2615
Walerga wasp, no. 3 (May 20, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2508)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 3 (May 20, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2508)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2614
Walerga wasp, no. 8 (June 6, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2513)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 8 (June 6, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2513)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. Current issue includes articles on removal to Tule Lake incarceration camp, camp events, and sports. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2619
Walerga wasp, no. 10 (June 14, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2515)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 10 (June 14, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2515)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. Current issue includes articles on colleges accepting Nisei students, Tule Lake incarceration camp, and sports. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2621
Notice from E.P. Pullman, Center Manager, Fresno Assembly Center to All Evacuee Residents of the Fresno Assembly Center, August 3, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-122)
doc Notice from E.P. Pullman, Center Manager, Fresno Assembly Center to All Evacuee Residents of the Fresno Assembly Center, August 3, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-122)
Rules and regulations for detainees at the Fresno Assembly Center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0124
Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, August 23, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-61)
doc Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, August 23, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-61)
Handwritten correspondence from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Waegell describing food and living conditions in the Fresno Assembly Center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00065
Walerga wasp, no. 9 (June 10, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2514)
doc Walerga wasp, no. 9 (June 10, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-2514)
Newspaper published at the Walerga Assembly Center covering news, updates, camp services, and events. Current issue includes articles on removal to Tule Lake incarceration camp, camp news, and sports. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2620
View of barracks (ddr-densho-151-357)
img View of barracks (ddr-densho-151-357)
Original caption: San Bruno, California. Shown here is one type of barracks for family use. These were formerly the stalls for race horses. Each family is assigned to two small rooms, the inner one with no outside door nor window. The center has been in operation about six weeks. 8,000 evacuees are now assembled here.
Japanese Americans in mess hall line (ddr-densho-151-44)
img Japanese Americans in mess hall line (ddr-densho-151-44)
Original WRA caption: San Bruno, California. View of the Tanforan Assembly Center, showing a type of barrack peculiar to the center. Also shown in part of a line-up of evacuees waiting for places in the mess hall for their noon meal.
View of barracks (ddr-densho-151-344)
img View of barracks (ddr-densho-151-344)
Original caption: San Bruno, California. This scene shows one type of barracks for family use. These were formerly the stalls for race horses. Each family is assigned to two small rooms, the inner one, of which, has no outside door nor window. The center has been in operation about six weeks and 8,000 persons of Japanese …
Nisei inside barracks (ddr-densho-151-276)
img Nisei inside barracks (ddr-densho-151-276)
Original caption: Sacramento, California. Harvey Akio Itano, 21, 1942 graduate from the University of California where he received his Bachelor of Science [in] Chemistry degree. He was chosen by the faculty as University Medalist for 1942 and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi. Mr. Itano went to the Assembly center prior to …
Assembly center barracks (ddr-densho-151-19)
img Assembly center barracks (ddr-densho-151-19)
Original WRA caption: Tanforan Assembly center, San Bruno, California. Barracks for family living quarters. Each door enters into a family unit of two small rooms. Tanforan assembly center was opened two days before the photograph was made. On the first day there had been a heavy rain. When a family has arrived here, first step of …
Japanese Americans inside barracks (ddr-densho-151-330)
img Japanese Americans inside barracks (ddr-densho-151-330)
Original caption: San Bruno, California. Old Mr. Konda in barrack apartment, after supper. He lives here with his two sons, his married daughter and her husband. They share two small rooms together. His daughter is seen behind him, knitting. He has been a truck farmer and raised his family who are also farmers, in Centerville, Alameda …
Assembly center barracks (ddr-densho-151-74)
img Assembly center barracks (ddr-densho-151-74)
Original WRA caption: Sacramento, California. View of barracks in block 2 during first week of occupancy of this Center. The entire Japanese population of the City of Sacramento are now here. The space under the trees seen in the background is reserved for the use of mothers and young children.
Horse stall at the Tanforan Assembly Center (ddr-densho-151-20)
img Horse stall at the Tanforan Assembly Center (ddr-densho-151-20)
Original WRA caption: San Bruno, California. A near- view of a horse stall left from days when what is now Tanforan Assembly center, was the famous Tanforan Race Track. Most of these stalls have been converted into family living quarters for evacuated Japanese.
View of barracks and mess hall (ddr-densho-151-345)
img View of barracks and mess hall (ddr-densho-151-345)
Original caption: San Bruno, California. Another view of barracks at the Tanforan Assembly center, after approximately six weeks of occupancy. The building on the right is one of the eighteen such mess halls which, together, accommodate approximately 8,000 persons for three meals each day.
Sacramento Assembly Center, California (ddr-densho-151-75)
img Sacramento Assembly Center, California (ddr-densho-151-75)
Original WRA caption: Sacramento, California. This Center has been open for about a week. It has a capacity for 5000 persons. The people seen walking across the field toward the barracks are mothers and children of Japanese ancestry who have been in the playground and are coming back to the messhall for lunch.
Woman and children outside barracks (ddr-densho-151-73)
img Woman and children outside barracks (ddr-densho-151-73)
Original WRA caption: Stockton, California. This family just arrived in the Stockton center this morning. The mother and the children wait at the door of the room in the barracks to which they have been assigned, while the father is at the baggage depot where the bedding and clothing are being unloaded and inspected for contraband.
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