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Conflicts, intimidation, and violence

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)
Conflicts, intimidation, and violence (260)

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260 items
What happened at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-19-70)
doc What happened at Manzanar (ddr-csujad-19-70)
This is an article from the magazine "Common Ground," volume III, no. 3, spring 1943, which discusses about the first violent outbreak at the Manzanar incarceration camp on the eve of the first anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: WRA_02-22_01
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-70/
Poston Camp hearing bares shameful facts (ddr-csujad-19-61)
doc Poston Camp hearing bares shameful facts (ddr-csujad-19-61)
An article from "Los Angeles examiner" published on June 20, 1943. It describes the training of a tactical unit, mob rule and open rebellion in the Poston incarceration camp in Arizona. It also discusses the reasons for these shameful activities to be the lack of central authority to assume responsibility and the confusion among the administration. …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-61/
Manzanar From Inside Out (ddr-csujad-19-2)
doc Manzanar From Inside Out (ddr-csujad-19-2)
Text of address by Roy Nash, Director of the Manzanar War Relocation Project, given to the Commonwealth Club of California, San Francisco, on July 31, 1942 for the purpose of "interpret[ing] the actuality of a War Relocation Center housing 10,000 evacuees" in view of perceptions of mistreatment of incarcerees in California. Sections of the speech include …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-2/
Trouble among Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-19-38)
doc Trouble among Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-19-38)
This is an article from the magazine "The New Republic," vol. 108, no. 5, number 1470, by Isamu Noguchi describing the trouble and unrest among Japanese Americans in the war relocation centers following the entry of the United States in the second world war due to the attack on Pearl Harbor. See this object in the …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-38/
Letter from Aiko Takaoka to Ramond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, February 1, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-5)
doc Letter from Aiko Takaoka to Ramond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, February 1, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-5)
Letter from Aiko Takaoka to Raymond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, requesting the release of her brother, Yoshio Takaoka from the army stockades at Tule Lake Camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0005
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-5/
Memo from [Willard E.] Schmidt, Chief of Administrative Police, to [Raymond R.] Best, [1944] (ddr-csujad-2-78)
doc Memo from [Willard E.] Schmidt, Chief of Administrative Police, to [Raymond R.] Best, [1944] (ddr-csujad-2-78)
Regards arming the Administrative Police Section, including reasons for using the sawed-off shotgun vs. the 45 automatic pistol for security purposes, and the potential for escalation of tensions in a "divided camp (anti and pro, status quo)." See also the related typewritten memo, Memorandum from Willard [E.] Schmidt, Chief, Administrative Police, to R. R. [Raymond R.] …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-78/
[Ray R. Best had close call with detention camp mob], biographical news article on Tule Lake Camp Director Raymond Best (ddr-csujad-2-39)
doc [Ray R. Best had close call with detention camp mob], biographical news article on Tule Lake Camp Director Raymond Best (ddr-csujad-2-39)
Biographical newspaper article about Tule Lake Camp Director Raymond R. Best and his role during the November 1943 protests at the camp, lead to martial law. Describes how his life was in danger during the protests and his diplomatic work after the camp closed. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-39/
Letter from residents requesting prisoner release, February 18, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-8)
doc Letter from residents requesting prisoner release, February 18, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-8)
Letter from residents requesting the release of two incarerees: Wataru Obara, and Hiroichi Shimamura, detained in army stockades at Tule Lake Camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0008
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-8/
[Minutes of the regular meeting of the divisional responsible men and the Co-ordinating committee of the Tule Lake Center, March 10, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-24)
doc [Minutes of the regular meeting of the divisional responsible men and the Co-ordinating committee of the Tule Lake Center, March 10, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-24)
Meeting minutes of incarceree-led Tule Lake Camp government. Described vandalism and profanity incidents within the schools and camp clean-up and fire protection. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0024
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-24/
Letter from incarcerees requesting release of prisoners, April 17, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-14)
doc Letter from incarcerees requesting release of prisoners, April 17, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-14)
Letter from incarcerees requesting the release of 21 inmates from the army stockades at Tule Lake Camp. Names: Kazama, Masami; Shimada, Shunichi; Harauchi, Akio; Kusuda, Masanao; Gushiken, Yoshitsune; Gushiken, Yoshio; Matsumoto, Mitsuru; Matsumoto, Tsuneto; Masuoka, Hiro; Tarumoto, Sadaichi; Obara, Wataru; Shimamura, Hiroichi; Fujii, Yoshio; Aoki, Jin; Kurashige, Kenichi; Okata, Masanao; Nakahara, Tokushige; Morikawa, Masao; Morikawa, Shigeto; …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-14/
[Report of the informal interview of the divisional responsible men and the detained stockade internees] (ddr-csujad-2-53)
doc [Report of the informal interview of the divisional responsible men and the detained stockade internees] (ddr-csujad-2-53)
Report from the incarceree-led government at Tule Lake Incarceration Camp. A transcript from an interview of the "Divisional Responsible Men" and their attempts to challenge the status-quo in the camp. Discusses hunger strike due to the army stealing incarceree items and attempts to release prisoners from the army stockades at the camp. See this object in …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-53/
[Minutes of the joint meeting of the advisory council and the Co-ordinating Committee of the Tule Lake Center, February 8,1944] (ddr-csujad-2-20)
doc [Minutes of the joint meeting of the advisory council and the Co-ordinating Committee of the Tule Lake Center, February 8,1944] (ddr-csujad-2-20)
Meeting minutes of incarceree-led Tule Lake Camp government and camp advisory council. Describes efforts led to release prisoners from army stockades and plans for new building construction including a civic center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0020
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-20/
[Minutes of the regular meeting of the divisional responsible men and the Co-ordinating committee of the Tule Lake Center, March 11, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-23)
doc [Minutes of the regular meeting of the divisional responsible men and the Co-ordinating committee of the Tule Lake Center, March 11, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-23)
Meeting minutes of incarceree-led Tule Lake Camp government. Describes clean-up week at the camp, prisoner release, vandalism, construction, clothing and furniture, and reorganization of committee. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0023
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-23/
Letter from Tommy Tomilson, Chief of Internal Security at Granada Camp to Willard E. Schmidt, Chief of Internal Security at Tule Lake Camp, May 19, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-47)
doc Letter from Tommy Tomilson, Chief of Internal Security at Granada Camp to Willard E. Schmidt, Chief of Internal Security at Tule Lake Camp, May 19, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-47)
Information about Motokazu Okada, an incarceree transfer to Tule Lake camp from Granada Camp. Transferred for persistent gambling and drinking. Also includes personal correspondence. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0047
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-47/
Memo from Willard E. Schmidt, Chief, Administrative Police, to R. R. [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, February 28, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-95)
doc Memo from Willard E. Schmidt, Chief, Administrative Police, to R. R. [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, February 28, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-95)
Memo regarding arming of Administrative Police Section with pro and con of the 45 automatic vs. shotgun. Enumerates reasons for preferring the shotgun over the 45 automatic rifle and describing conditions in the camp. See also the related handwritten document, Memorandum from Willard Schmidt, Chief of Administrative Police, to Best, [1944]. See this object in the …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-95/
Translation of poster at Tule Lake Camp regarding repatriation and loyalty to Japan (ddr-csujad-2-43)
doc Translation of poster at Tule Lake Camp regarding repatriation and loyalty to Japan (ddr-csujad-2-43)
Translation of a poster within washrooms at the Tule Lake Incarceration Camp. Describes inadequate treatment of incarcerees compared to other camps, loyalty and repatriation to Japan, and the need to quell "disgraceful behavior" such as violence. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0043
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-43/
Memo from Co-ordinating Committee to Chief of Police Schmidt [Willard E. Schmidt], February 3, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-72)
doc Memo from Co-ordinating Committee to Chief of Police Schmidt [Willard E. Schmidt], February 3, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-72)
Calls for special meeting of the Project Director, Advisory Council, and Co-ordinating Committee to discuss Committee recommendations, and refers to four attached memoranda, each from Co-ordinating Committee 1608-A to R. [Raymond] R. Best, Project Director, dated February 2, 1944 and written by Byron Akitsuki, Executive Secretary. Subjects of the memoranda are: Receipt of Red Cross Gift …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-72/
Memo from Harry L. Black, Advisory Committee, to Mr. [Raymond R.] Best, February 8, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-91)
doc Memo from Harry L. Black, Advisory Committee, to Mr. [Raymond R.] Best, February 8, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-91)
Memorandum regarding meeting with Co-ordinating Committee. Concerns meeting to discuss Committee's recommendation to release "18 additional detainees from the stockade." The memo on "Executive Office of the President, Office for Emergency Management" letterhead, also discusses employment of incarcerees from Manzanar and Tule Lake and moving incarcerees out of and into various housing blocks. See this object …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-91/
[Informal meeting of the divisional responsible men and the project director and Colonel Austin, January 17,1944] (ddr-csujad-2-17)
doc [Informal meeting of the divisional responsible men and the project director and Colonel Austin, January 17,1944] (ddr-csujad-2-17)
Minutes of informal meeting between Tule Lake Camp Director Raymond Best and Military Police Commander Colonel Verne Austin and incarceree-led Tule Lake Camp Government. Describes theft incidents from the Army's search of barracks by the soldiers and release of detained prisoners from the army stockades. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-17/
Letter from S. Yoshiyama to Raymond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, February 22, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-3)
doc Letter from S. Yoshiyama to Raymond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, February 22, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-3)
Letter from S. Yoshiyama requesting to meet with his fiance, Hisako Hideya, while detained by the army. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0003
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-3/
Two newspaper articles on Tule Lake Camp protests (ddr-csujad-2-42)
doc Two newspaper articles on Tule Lake Camp protests (ddr-csujad-2-42)
Two newspaper articles on protests and riots at Tule Lake camp November, 1943 which led to martial law being in place for three months. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0042
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-42/
Tule Lake Center Diary, March 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-25)
doc Tule Lake Center Diary, March 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-25)
Daily diary for March, possibly written by Co-ordinating committee Secretary Byron Akitsuki at Tule Lake Camp. Describes unrest in Block 21, memos and messages sent, and committee member meetings. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0025
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-25/
[WRA deny Japanese in riot], newspaper article on Tule Lake protests, November 3, 1943 (ddr-csujad-2-38)
doc [WRA deny Japanese in riot], newspaper article on Tule Lake protests, November 3, 1943 (ddr-csujad-2-38)
Newspaper article about protests at Tule Lake Camp in November, 1943 which led to martial law being in place for three months. Describes violence among incarcerees. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0038
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-38/
[Troops alert as Tule Japs defy Colonel], newspaper article on Tule Lake protests, November 13, 1943 (ddr-csujad-2-40)
doc [Troops alert as Tule Japs defy Colonel], newspaper article on Tule Lake protests, November 13, 1943 (ddr-csujad-2-40)
Newspaper article about protests at Tule Lake Camp in November, 1943 which led to martial law being in place for three months. Article describes Colonel Verne Austin, Commander of Military Police, trying to regain control after the protests. He is quoted as saying "Henceforth the Army, and not trouble making Jap 'committees' will dictate camp life." …
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-40/
Co-ordinating Committee meeting notes, March 9, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-1)
doc Co-ordinating Committee meeting notes, March 9, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-1)
Memoranda from incarceree-lead government within the camp. Includes requests for the immediate release of 14 prisoners from the military stockades. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0001
https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-1/
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