Community responses to resistance
In December 1947, President Truman pardoned all wartime draft resisters, including Nisei from the concentration camps. The pardon removed the criminal convictions from the resisters' records. However, other Japanese Americans, including some U.S. Army veterans and leaders of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), continued to label resisters as disloyal, unpatriotic, cowardly "draft dodgers." Some Japanese Americans blamed the resisters for increasing the public's negative attitudes toward people of Japanese ancestry. These consequences affected many resisters for the rest of their lives. Despite an official JACL apology to the resisters in 2000, many Japanese American veterans' groups and others continue to harbor negative feelings toward the resisters. Legacies of the World War II ostracism of resisters contribute to ongoing division within Japanese American communities.
World War II
(231)
Resistance and dissidence
(84)
Community responses to resistance
(61)
![Letter from Bill Hosokawa to Cedrick Shimo (ddr-densho-122-874)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/04/6b/046b750387038398302e513c9bc93a03.jpg)
![Letter to Yuri Domoto from Yoshito Shibata (ddr-densho-356-223)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/bf/c7/bfc77eede077cc6a3b7ba9da907ad37f.jpg)
![Postcard from Sgt. Frank Honda to Iku Morita (ddr-densho-497-12)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/b6/0a/b60a4afd20f33d4064b8230cfc279b41.jpg)
![Jim Akutsu Segment 24 (ddr-densho-1000-2-24)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/fa/24/fa243fd67dde7207ca213fabce44b2bc.jpg)
Interview was conducted over two days because of delays caused by technical difficulties.
![Jim Akutsu Segment 42 (ddr-densho-1000-2-42)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/fa/24/fa243fd67dde7207ca213fabce44b2bc.jpg)
Interview was conducted over two days because of delays caused by technical difficulties.
![Jim Akutsu Segment 23 (ddr-densho-1000-2-23)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/fa/24/fa243fd67dde7207ca213fabce44b2bc.jpg)
Interview was conducted over two days because of delays caused by technical difficulties.
![Gene Akutsu Segment 24 (ddr-densho-1000-1-24)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/30/8a/308a1658e52d84e4dcf526cb0b801aa1.jpg)
![Gene Akutsu Segment 21 (ddr-densho-1000-1-21)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/30/8a/308a1658e52d84e4dcf526cb0b801aa1.jpg)
![Bill Hosokawa Interview Segment 16 (ddr-densho-1000-129-16)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/0f/d8/0fd8ce4a44ff2f0b2d7a8f5881589255.jpg)
![Bill Hosokawa Interview Segment 22 (ddr-densho-1000-129-22)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/0f/d8/0fd8ce4a44ff2f0b2d7a8f5881589255.jpg)
![Gene Akutsu Interview II Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1000-210-13)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/e0/09/e009061d2870c3fcc421c7d4bf9d9a7f.jpg)
![Gene Akutsu Interview II Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1000-210-10)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/e0/09/e009061d2870c3fcc421c7d4bf9d9a7f.jpg)
![Gene Akutsu Interview II Segment 12 (ddr-densho-1000-210-12)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/e0/09/e009061d2870c3fcc421c7d4bf9d9a7f.jpg)
![Masao Watanabe Segment 28 (ddr-densho-1000-103-28)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/3e/7c/3e7c81460fec3127cac36ed76cc28599.jpg)
At the time this interview was taped, Mr. Watanabe was recovering from a recent series of cancer treatments.
![Masao Watanabe Segment 50 (ddr-densho-1000-103-50)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/3e/7c/3e7c81460fec3127cac36ed76cc28599.jpg)
At the time this interview was taped, Mr. Watanabe was recovering from a recent series of cancer treatments.
![Harry K. Yoshikawa Interview Segment 30 (ddr-densho-1000-278-30)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/aa/6a/aa6a963f3a595f73d8d5adc1f2011949.jpg)
Due to technical difficulties during the taping of this interview, the interviewer's voice is considerably louder than the narrator's. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. …
![Harry K. Yoshikawa Interview Segment 29 (ddr-densho-1000-278-29)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/aa/6a/aa6a963f3a595f73d8d5adc1f2011949.jpg)
Due to technical difficulties during the taping of this interview, the interviewer's voice is considerably louder than the narrator's. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material …
![Tom Akashi Interview Segment 39 (ddr-densho-1000-164-39)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/a9/51/a951068917b707c5b3567678724e50a5.jpg)
![Francis Mas Fukuhara Segment 24 (ddr-densho-1000-9-24)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/83/87/83878268e8ba805e1141beb300f742a8.jpg)
![Francis Mas Fukuhara Segment 25 (ddr-densho-1000-9-25)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/83/87/83878268e8ba805e1141beb300f742a8.jpg)
![Francis Mas Fukuhara Segment 26 (ddr-densho-1000-9-26)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/83/87/83878268e8ba805e1141beb300f742a8.jpg)
![Frank Yamasaki Interview I Segment 34 (ddr-densho-1000-107-34)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/fe/1b/fe1bf2859a4577f7290760f1ec4c1b20.jpg)
![Frank Yamasaki Interview I Segment 33 (ddr-densho-1000-107-33)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/fe/1b/fe1bf2859a4577f7290760f1ec4c1b20.jpg)
![Mits Koshiyama Interview Segment 19 (ddr-densho-1000-130-19)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/cf/5d/cf5dfb82e4d284b74ac049b19c4042e3.jpg)