Supreme Court cases
Three Japanese Americans -- Gordon Hirabayashi, Fred Korematsu and Minoru Yasui -- refused to comply with exclusion and were subsequently arrested. Together, these resisters and their court cases tested two distinct yet intertwined constitutional issues: the legality of military orders on civilians (curfew, in particular), especially as they were selectively applied on the basis of race, and the legality of exclusion, again selectively applied on the basis of race. In all three cases the litigants lost at the trial court level and appealed to the Supreme Court. The Court ultimately upheld the three men's convictions and ruled that curfew orders and exclusion were constitutional.
World War II
(231)
Resistance and dissidence
(84)
Supreme Court cases
(16)
Related articles from the
Densho Encyclopedia :
Coram nobis cases,
Duncan v. Kahanamoku,
None,
Charles Fahy,
Nishikawa v. Dulles,
Oyama v. California,
Takahashi v. Fish and Game Commission
![Densho eNews, December 2008 (ddr-densho-431-27)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/77/47/77473abfe8bf97558ae132c157c49634.jpg)
![Memo from Edward Ennis to Charles Fahy (ddr-densho-67-113)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/67/b2/67b2d13783a6aa762aa5c6232880bbd8.jpg)
![Memo regarding DeWitt's Final Report (ddr-densho-67-101)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/56/87/5687e272025a93885109ce8c105cdabf.jpg)
![Pacific Citizen, Vol. 69, No. 15 (October 10,1969) (ddr-pc-41-41)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/03/64/036460ebc03a12573cdb9cc0687511fe.jpg)
![Pacific Citizen, Vol. 65, No. 25 (December 22-29, 1967) (ddr-pc-39-52)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/0e/78/0e78d770db5e4dddadc8881cc41934ad.jpg)
![Pacific Citizen, Vol. 107, No. 14 (November 4, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-39)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/38/2d/382dda62573be2f15321dd001ba6b2b1.jpg)
![Pacific Citizen, Vol. 106, No. 20 (May 20, 1988) (ddr-pc-60-20)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/54/75/54753915195fc32dd0734756883d2950.jpg)
![War Relocation Authority notice on the relocation of unattached children and youth (ddr-densho-381-28)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/d6/99/d699e0ff280fdc0e4069c1286228c147.jpg)
![Letter to Yuri Domoto from Yoshito Shibata (ddr-densho-356-254)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/26/8b/268ba72239db08efaf31891f2dc836ea.jpg)
![Postcard from Sgt. Frank Honda to Iku Morita (ddr-densho-497-9)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/f9/b9/f9b98d6c604631fe691f99349afe0640.jpg)
![Roger Daniels Interview Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1012-17-10)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/3f/83/3f83821721a6af37840d85c02a4949c5.jpg)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and …
![Peter Irons Interview Segment 12 (ddr-densho-1012-16-12)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/45/62/45621e9e33270e6ccd824179ab6c8272.jpg)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions …
![Peter Irons Interview Segment 14 (ddr-densho-1012-16-14)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/45/62/45621e9e33270e6ccd824179ab6c8272.jpg)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or …
![Peter Irons Interview Segment 3 (ddr-densho-1012-16-3)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/45/62/45621e9e33270e6ccd824179ab6c8272.jpg)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions …
![Peter Irons Interview Segment 1 (ddr-densho-1012-16-1)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/45/62/45621e9e33270e6ccd824179ab6c8272.jpg)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or …
![Peter Irons Interview Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1012-16-13)](https://ddr.densho.org/media/cache/45/62/45621e9e33270e6ccd824179ab6c8272.jpg)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions …