Work and jobs

Both Issei and Nisei took jobs within the camps, at wages set not to exceed soldiers' pay: $12 per month for unskilled labor, $16 for skilled labor, and $19 for professional employees. WRA staff was paid much more for the same jobs. Though public opinion mandated such low pay, dissatisfied Japanese Americans objected to losing their right to make a decent living. They had to use their sparse income for necessities, such as warm clothing and shoes.

World War II (283)
Concentration camps (2078)
Work and jobs (1524)

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1524 items

img George Naohara and Atsushi Art Ishida in the Jerome camp (ddr-csujad-38-252)

Photographed are George Nobuo Naohara and Atsushi Art Ishida at the Jerome camp in Arkansas. George is wearing an apron. The photo was given to Mitzi Masukawa Naohara incarcerated in the Poston camp in Arizona. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 13. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-252/

img Farm workers (ddr-csujad-26-139)

Photo of farm workers appearing to harvest a crop. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_109

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-139/

doc Personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-44)

Journal entries written by high school students discussing their observations and perspectives on a variety of topics including social and cultural differences, personality conflicts, friendships, social interactions, school, dogs, memories, reflections on camp life, weather, a friend in the military visiting his parents in camp, hobbies, and opinions about other people and daily life. Each entry …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-44/

img Man with crate of produce (ddr-csujad-26-95)

A farmer poses with a full crate of produce. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_032

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-95/

doc Messhalls in Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-26-23)

Report describing the mess halls of Tule Lake including: administrative organization, operations, personnel, duties, conflicts, wages, food procurement and distribution, food preparation, schedules, sample menus, dietary accommodations, food rationing and shortages, seating capacity, seating arrangements and systems, utensils, and incarceree attendance. The report analyzes workers and incarceree behaviors, status, mental faculties, disposition, religion, age, and gender. …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-23/

img Young man on tractor (ddr-csujad-26-131)

Photo of a young Japanese American man on a tractor. Barracks building are seen in the background. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_101

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-131/

img Procurement and Shoe Rationing [Department] (ddr-csujad-26-106)

Letter from David O'Kane describing provenance and donating the included photo of the Procurement an Shoe Rationing Department at Tule Lake camp to Special Collections at Cal State Hayward. The photo features a group of five Japanese American women with five Caucasian men and women. The verso of the photo reads, "This was taken just before …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-106/

doc Tule Lake monograph (ddr-csujad-26-1)

Unpublished manuscript includes a collection of diary entries, letters, and essays written by school students incarcerated at the Tule Lake camp and collected through the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). The writings include first-person descriptions of travel to the Tule Lake camp, adapting to camp, limitations of camp, day-to-day camp life, family life, community …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-1/

doc Chapter 6 and 7 personality cards (ddr-csujad-26-34)

Journal entries written by high school students discussing their observations and perspectives on a variety of topics including living in barracks, block noise, lack of privacy, mess hall dining, nosy neighbors, jobs, leisure time, sports, movies, church attendance, the Young Buddhist Association (YBA), family dynamics, social changes, dating, and rumors. Each entry includes the full date …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-34/

img Cooperatively owned canteen (ddr-csujad-26-130)

Photo of people working and shopping inside a canteen. Goods are seen divided by type. Verso reads "cooperatively owned canteen." From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_100

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-130/

img Obstetric at the camp hospital (ddr-csujad-26-128)

An obstetric nurse holds a baby. Verso reads, "Obstetric at the camp hospital." From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_098

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-128/

img Three men and chickens (ddr-csujad-26-132)

Photo of three Japanese American men in front of a chicken coop with chickens. From photo album of Robert Billigmeier. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_05_102

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-132/

img Children working outside (ddr-csujad-32-23)

Group photograph of children working outside at the Minidoka incarceration camp. Photo featured on page 9 of the Minidoka Incarceration Camp Photograph Album (csudh_ben_001). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ben_01_001_010_034

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-32-23/

img Children working outside (ddr-csujad-32-21)

Group photograph of children working outside at the Minidoka incarceration camp. Some children are pictured holding rakes and other gardening tools. Photo featured on page 8 of the Minidoka Incarceration Camp Photograph Album (csudh_ben_001). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ben_01_001_009_031

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-32-21/

img Men outside camp barrack (ddr-csujad-32-29)

Photograph of two Caucasian men standing on the stairs of barrack 45 at the Minidoka incarceration camp. Photo featured on page 14 of the Minidoka Incarceration Camp Photograph Album (csudh_ben_001). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ben_01_001_015_047

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-32-29/

img Women outside camp barrack (ddr-csujad-32-28)

Photograph of two Caucasian women standing on the stairs of barrack 49 at the Minidoka incarceration camp. Photo featured on page 14 of the Minidoka Incarceration Camp Photograph Album (csudh_ben_001). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ben_01_001_015_046

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-32-28/

doc Manzanar diary (ddr-csujad-34-1)

One diary written by Hiroshi Fukuwa, a Kibei Nisei of Los Angeles, California. His diary starts from his departing day from Los Angeles to move into the Manzanar incarceration camp as one of the first group of volunteer incacerees. He was transferred to the Gila River camp, Arizona, to join his brother's family, and segregated into …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-34-1/

doc Manzanar diary (ddr-csujad-34-2)

English translation of a diary written by Hiroshi Fukuwa, a Kibei Nisei of Los Angeles, California. His diary starts from his departing day from Los Angeles to move into the Manzanar incarceration camp as one of the first group of volunteer incacerees. He was transferred to the Gila River camp in Arizona, to join his brother's …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-34-2/

doc 400 Japs go to Tule Lake: volunteers en route to harvest crops (ddr-csujad-34-8)

A newspaper clipping. It reports that 400 Japanese American incarcerees were hired from other camps to harvest crops in the Tule Lake camp while the incarcerees in the Tule Lake went on strike. It portraits the Tule Lake incarcerees as "disloyal Japs." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: hrs_06_001

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-34-8/

img Photograph of people with dogs in front of a car and barracks (ddr-csujad-47-329)

Photograph of four people with three dogs on a lawn at Manzanar incarceration camp. Behind them are two cars and several barracks buildings. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0488

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-329/

img Photograph of Henry Matsumoto with orphan incarcerees at Children's Village (ddr-csujad-47-162)

Photograph of Henry Matsumoto, superintendent of the Children's Village, with five babies sitting on a blanket at the park in the Children's Village at Manzanar incarceration camp. Three of the babies are laying on the stomachs, one is being held by Henry, and the fifth is sitting upright on their own. See this object in the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-162/

img Photograph of Irene Gavigan, R.N., holding a newborn on the steps leading to the Manzanar hospital (ddr-csujad-47-223)

Photograph of Irene Gavigan, R.N., holding a newborn at Manzanar incarceration camp. She is sitting on the rock steps in the hospital garden. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0367

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-223/

img Photograph of a laughing group of people at a Manzanar hospital staff picnic (ddr-csujad-47-239)

Photograph of a laughing group of people sitting on the ground at a Manzanar hospital staff picnic. A small boy is in front look at the camera while holding a bottle. In the background are additional people and tables. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0384

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-239/

img Photograph of the Little family (ddr-csujad-47-310)

Photograph of the Little family getting ready to depart the Manzanar incarceration camp with the Sierra Nevada in the background. They are leaning against the family car. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0461

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-310/

img Photograph of Irene Gavigan, L. Josephine Hawes and Eleanor Thomas (ddr-csujad-47-304)

Photograph of Irene Gavigan, L. Josephine Hawes and Eleanor Thomas sitting in front of a stand of trees near the Manzanar incarceration camp at a hospital staff picnic. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0453

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-304/