Education

Schools were quickly organized in the concentration camps, but they suffered from crude facilities and lack of teaching materials. Instruction was given for nursery through high school, and adult education was offered. Trained teachers were in short supply, however, and uncertified Japanese Americans with college degrees often filled in. The War Relocation Authority (WRA) deliberately emphasized Americanization in the education program. Some found it painfully ironic to watch incarcerated youth recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

World War II (231)
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Education (1448)

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1448 items

doc Valediction (1945) (ddr-manz-8-28)

The 1945 yearbook for Manzanar High School. Signed by students of Mary Jean Kramer.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-8-28/

doc Letter to Dr. Barnum from Mary Jean Kramer Spallino (ddr-manz-8-1)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-8-1/

doc Senior Banquet invitation addressed to Mary Jean Kramer (ddr-manz-8-22)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-8-22/

doc Program for a Manzanar High School choir concert (ddr-manz-8-24)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-8-24/

doc Notice of Official Efficiency Rating form (ddr-manz-8-11)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-8-11/

doc Manzanar High School commencement program (ddr-manz-9-6)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-6/

doc Manzanar drama class performance program 'Growing Pains' (ddr-manz-9-7)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-7/

doc Campus Pepper, Vol. I, No. 4 (May 7, 1943) (ddr-manz-9-10)

Published bi-weekly by the journalism class of Manzanar High School.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-10/

doc Senior class wills (ddr-manz-9-11)

"Wills" written by the Manzanar High School class of 1945.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-11/

doc Parents' Night program for Manzanar Secondary School (ddr-manz-9-5)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-5/

doc The Making of America (ddr-manz-9-13)

Program from a Manzanar Elementary school performance.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-13/

doc Program for Parents' Night assembly (ddr-manz-9-9)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-9-9/

img High school graduation (ddr-manz-6-50)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-6-50/

img Senior banquet (ddr-manz-6-51)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-6-51/

img Teacher standing with two students (ddr-manz-7-49)

Original caption: "Martha Shoaf, Blk 20 Museum. Kenji Oye, myself, Roy Tanaka, 4th grade, 1943, outside classroom."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-49/

img Children dressed as the founding fathers (ddr-manz-7-29)

Caption on reverse: "Hiroko, Muno, George, Asanuma."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-29/

img Teacher standing outside classroom barracks (ddr-manz-7-5)

Caption on reverse: "Martha Shoaf, Manzanar, outside classroom."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-5/

img Woman sitting in front of school playground (ddr-manz-7-41)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-41/

img Class photograph (ddr-manz-7-54)

Caption on reverse: "Manzanar, Building C."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-54/

img Teacher standing with students (ddr-manz-7-30)

Caption on reverse: "Eleanor Jones & Roy Tanaka."

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-30/

img Photograph of a teacher in camp (ddr-manz-7-39)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-39/

img Students (ddr-manz-7-52)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-52/

img Two women standing in front of the Department of Education barracks (ddr-manz-7-106)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-106/

img Group of school children (ddr-manz-7-15)

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-7-15/

doc Letter to Molly Wilson from Tomoko Ikeda (June 10, 1942) (ddr-janm-1-1)

Handwritten letter written by Tomoko Ikeda to Molly Wilson, June 10, 1942. Letter was written from an assembly center or a relocation center, and mentions adjusting to food in center and missing school.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-1-1/