Kibei
Kibei is the term for the generation of Nisei born in the U.S. but sent to Japan for education. When in Japan, the Kibei lived with grandparents or other relatives while their parents remained in the U.S. to work. Kibei often struggled to fit in both in Japan, where they were viewed as outsiders, and the U.S., where they were considered "too Japanese" by their Nisei peers. Because of their knowledge of both cultures and languages, the Kibei in particular were targeted by the government as "disloyal" during World War II. Ironically, the Kibei were heavily recruited for the Military Intelligence Service because of their linguistic abilities.
Identity and values
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Kibei
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487 items
487 items
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School outing group photograph (ddr-densho-359-55)
Students and a teacher pose for a group photograph. Masaru Okano lived in Japan from 1923-1933.
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Japanese hot spring (ddr-densho-359-64)
A Japanese hot spring that Masaru Okano visited while living in Japan between 1923-1933.
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Costume festival (ddr-densho-359-56)
A line of students in costume including samurai and owls. Masaru Okano lived in Japan from 1923-1933.
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Japanese hot spring (ddr-densho-359-65)
A Japanese hot spring that Masaru Okano visited while living in Japan between 1923-1933. This hot spring pool has a statue of demon.
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Okano family photograph album (ddr-densho-359-14)
Masaru Okano's photograph album covering his years as a student in Japan from 1923-1933 as well as his return to the United States.
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Student portrait (ddr-densho-359-82)
Stamped on the bottom right hand corner of the photograph "Kubo Studio Shingukii Japan". There is also a caption written on the photograph in Japanese.
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Student group portrait (ddr-densho-359-54)
Masaru Okano is on the far left in the first row; he lived in Japan from 1923-1933, finishing middle school there.
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Japanese hot spring (ddr-densho-359-62)
A Japanese hot spring that Masaru Okano visited while living in Japan between 1923-1933.
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Two students (ddr-densho-359-83)
Two students pose outside a building, Masaru Okano on the right. He lived in Japan from 1923-1933.
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Military exercise (ddr-densho-359-59)
A group of students take part in a military exercise. Masaru Okano lived in Japan from 1923-1933.
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Student playing game (ddr-densho-359-90)
Students being theatrical for the camera. They pose with signs and with drawings on their chest as if they are in the middle of a card game. Masaru Philip Okano in on the far left.
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Street in Hiroshima, Japan (ddr-ajah-6-812)
Caption below photo: Born in Alameda, CA, Hatsuyo Ozeki was sent back to Hiroshima, Japan in 1912 when she was about 5-years-old. There she lived with her grandmother and received a Japanese education. She returned to Alameda 12 years later in June 1924. This photo is almost certainly from time there and was taken in or …
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Group sitting at a table at San Francisco YMCA (ddr-ajah-6-939)
Caption below photo: San Francisco YMCA, where Susumu Tomine (far left) went for English lessons, circa 1939-1940. He was a kibei, born in America but educated in Japan. Her returned when he was 18 years old to live in Alameda, CA.
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Group photo outside building (ddr-ajah-6-816)
Caption below photo: Alameda Born, but Raised in Japan. Includes biographical information about Hatsuyo Ozeki's years in Japan from 1912-1924
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Portrait of seven girls in kimono (ddr-ajah-6-822)
Caption below photo: Alameda Born, but Raised in Japan. Includes biographical information about Hatsuyo Ozeki's years in Japan from 1912-1924
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Group of student in costume for performance (ddr-ajah-6-824)
Caption below photo includes information about Hatsuyo Ozeki's time in Japan
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Gila River Relocation Camp Reunion (1997) (ddr-densho-469-10)
A memory book from the Gila River Relocation Camp Reunion from June 6-8, 1997. Pictures of the Gila River Reunion Committee, reunion, and reunion registrants are included. The book also includes a note from the advisor Sei Dyo, a transcript of a speech delivered by California Assemblyman Nao Takasugi, a reunion update, and a directory of …
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Portrait of two women in kimonos (ddr-densho-494-7)
Memiko (Nagase) Kato (left) and Meriko Maida (right). Caption on webpage: "Family matters, 1938" and "Meriko was asked to escort the daughter of a family friend back to the United States where both had been born: Memiko Nagase (later Kato)."