The Japanese American Citizens League

The Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) was organized in the late 1920s by a small group of young, professional nisei in response to the anti-Japanese fervor of the times. The organization was decidedly patriotic and dealt with discrimination by emphasizing American citizenship, loyalty, and assimilation. Because of their ideology, JACL members were recruited by the military to assist in carrying out the "evacuation" orders, and they urged Japanese Americans to cooperate with the government. The group inspired strong, mixed feelings among Japanese Americans during this time. However, in the years following the war, the JACL regained much of its former support by successfully overturning many legal barriers for Japanese Americans.

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The Japanese American Citizens League (1813)

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1813 items

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol.76, No. 03, (January 26, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-3)

Select article titles: "HEW Grants Nat'l JACL $65,554 to Recruit Gerontology Students" (p.1); "Ushio Assumes Nat'l JACL Helm as National Executive Director" (p.1); "Army Evacuated Descendants until Found also to Be Negro and Chinese Ancestries" (p.3); "Three Indicted in $1.2 Million Fraud Against Brokerage Firm" (p.6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-3/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 77, No. 04, (July 27, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-29)

Select article titles: "Gov. Reagan Signs JACL Bill" (p.1); "JACLer H. Hibino Elected Mayor of Salinas, Calif." (p.1); "Elks Abandon 'Whites Only' Member Policy" (p.1); "Nisei-Owned Firm Breaks Ground for $3 Million Frozen Shrimp Facility" (p.3); "Seattle JACL Funds Drug Abuse Study" (p.4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-29/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 76, No. 11, (March 23, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-11)

Select article titles: "JACL Bldg. Blueprint Expanded" (p.1); "Federal Budget Cutback Hits Redevelopment, Center Life" (p.1); "Social Security Credit for All Evacuees Sought" (p.1); "The Nisei Identity" (p.2); "A Ding-Dong Bowling Tournament" (p.3); "Multi-Media Set Available to Teach Nihongo" (p.6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-11/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 77, No. 25, (December 21-28, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-50)

Select article titles: "The Trial of 'Tokyo Rose'" (p.1); "Stuff 'Zero Hour' Aired from Tokyo" (p. A-5); "EX-Nisei Recalls Pledge to Flag" (p. A-8); "Model Minority" (p.B-1); "Nihon No Monogatari" (p. B-3); "National JACL Constitution" (p.B-8). The holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-50/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 76, No. 06, (February 16, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-6)

Select article titles: "Chapters Approve JACL Bldg. Project" (p.1); "Japan-U.S. Friendship Act Bill To Boost Educational Exchange" (p.1); "Fresno to Host First Tri-District JACL Meet" (p.1); "'Tokyo Rose' Case Pursued as Thesis" (p.1); "More Asians in College than Ratio in State" (p.3); "'Lone Heart Mountain' Estelle's Epilogue" (p.3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-6/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 76, No. 08, (March 2, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-8)

Select article titles: "Fesno Ready for Tri-Dist. JACL Confab" (p.1); "PSWDC Eyes 9,500 Members" (p.1); "Marriage Mix Ratio Increasing" (p.1); "Nisei Urged to Assist State in Textbook Choice" (p.2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-8/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 77, No. 21, (November 23, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-46)

Select article titles: "Membership Procedures Revamped, New Card Made" (p.1); "East Coast-JARP Striving for Wrap-Up on $45,200 Budget" (p.1); "Use of 'JPN' Assured by U.S. Gov't Printers" (p.1); "FBI Probes Minority Business Aid" (p.3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-46/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 76, No. 25, (June 29, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-25)

Select article titles: "Pan-Asian Resolution Draws Heat" (p.1); "Nat'l JACL Votes to Continue Project to Aid Aged, Funding Guidelines Set" (p.1); "Asian Law Caucus Refuses JACL Offer of $2,500 Service Contract" (p.3); "S.I. Hayakawa Rips State Court Ruling on Demonstrators" (p.3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-25/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 76, No. 24, (June 22, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-24)

Select article titles: "New Look in JACL Greets Officials Attending National Interim Session" (p.1); "Asian American Actors Win Case Against N.Y. Repertory Theater" (p.1); "San Francisco Asian Action Group Urges JACL Return Gerontology Fund" (p.1); "Nisei Knocks Mineta Elk Boycott" (p.3); "Rep. Mink Urges Emphasis on Asian Studies" (p.3); "Facts (Not Innuendoes) Needed to Fix Korean …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-24/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 77, No. 01, (July 6, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-26)

Select article titles: "JACL Board Approves Guidelines" (p.1); "Bannai Wins Special Assembly Election" (p.1); "Social Security Amends Policy on WRA Credits (p.1); "Nikkei Address U.S. Civil Rights Commission" (p.4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 76, No. 12, (March 30, 1973) (ddr-pc-45-12)

Select article titles: "$50,000 this Biennium Due from Endowment Fund" (p.1); "Nine Appointed: Six at HQ, Three at Regional, D.C. Offices" (p.1); "Federal Cutback Affecting JACL Gerontology PRogram" (p.1); "Manzanar Plaque Text Approved April 14 Dedication Plans Set " (p.3); "Univ. of Calif. Student Board Supports Probe of Charges Firing Edison Uno" (p.4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-12/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 8 (August 23, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-33)

Selected article titles: "JACL to Eye Anti-Whalers" (pp. 1, 4-5), "Priorities: Positive Trends" (p. 1), "Washington Newsletter: A First Look at President Gerald Ford" (pp. 1, 3), and "Japanese Tourists in Hawaii: Are They Being Victimized?" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-33/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 23 (June 14, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-23)

Selected article titles: "JACL--National Convention: $562,900 JACL Budget Proposed" (p. 1), "Summary: JACL Activities Since Jan. 1973" (pp. 1, 3), "Washington Newsletter: Citizenship Requirement" (p. 2), and "Expo '74 Schedules U.S.-Japanese Cultural Week" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-23/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 5 (August 2, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-30)

Selected article titles: "23rd Biennial Now History" (p. 1), "Convention Keynoter: On Asian Americanism" (pp. 1-2, 4), "JACL--Planning Commission: Reaffirm Cultural Pluralism" (p. 2), and "Delegates Not Worried About Budget Total, Just Their Share" (pp. 2, 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-30/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 8 (March 1, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-8)

Selected article titles: "JACL Backs U.W. in De Funis Case" (p. 1), "National JACL Convention: Eight Years in Planning" (p. 1), "In Memoriam: Tom Hayashi: 1917-1974" (p. 2), and "Discount Store Job Application Form Demanding Citizenship Status Hit" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-8/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 3 (July 19, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-28)

Selected article titles: "The Warren Era: 1891-1974" (pp. 1-2), "Convention Propositions" (pp. 1, 6), "With Execom Recommendations: Policy Resolutions" (pp. 1, 4), and "Ruling the Air Waves. Gotham Next Door" (p. 6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-28/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 1 (July 5, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-26)

Biennium in Review Issue. Selected article titles: "Administration at Headquarters: New Guidelines and Systems Improve Daily Procedures, Services to Chapters" (pp. 1, 5), "U.S.-Japan Relations: JACL Steps Up Contracts with Both Governments, Media" (pp. 1-2), "JACL's Anti-Defamation Committee: Racism Abuses Nikkei" (p. 3), and "American-Style Concentration Camps: Historical Landmark Plaques, Pilgrimages Recall WW2 Evacuation" (p. 4).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-26/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 7 (February 22, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-7)

Selected article titles: "Priorities: JACL Since 1972" (p. 1), "JACL-National Board: Impeachment Issue Swirls" (p. 1), and "Manzanar Site as Part of State Parks Plan Seen" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-7/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 9 (March 8, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-9)

Selected article titles: "$30,000 More Needed to Meet JACL Budget" (p. 1), "Washington Newsletter: Protecting the 'Image'" (p. 2), and "Cortez Growers Now 50 Years, Gross $4-Million" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-9/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 21 (May 31, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-21)

Selected article titles: "Priorities: JACL Bowling Issue" (p. 1), "U.S. Census Report--1970: Intermarriage Statistics" (p. 1), "JACL--National Convention: Non-Bias Policy Inside JACL Eyed" (p. 1), and "Book Review: Novel of Japanese Expatriates" (p. 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-21/

doc Pacific Citizen, Supplement to 1974 Holiday Issue (December 20-27, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-51)

Supplement to 1974 holiday issue. Selected article titles: "Issei as Technical Advisers to Japan" (pp. 1, 10), "'42 Hysteria Led to Concentration Camps" (pp. 1, 3), "U.S.-Canada Nikkei Alliance Urged" (pp. 1, 11), and "National Constitution Japanese American Citizens League" (pp. 8-9).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-51/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 11 (March 22, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-11)

Selected article titles: "Priorities: Our JACL Staffers" (p. 1), "Who Can Bowl in JACL Tournament" (pp. 1-2), "Washington Newsletter: What Can I Do About P.R.?" (p. 2), and "Rep. Chet Holifield: Calif. Congressmen Remembered for Opposing Japanese Evacuation in 1942" (p. 3).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-11/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 2 (July 12, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-27)

Selected article titles:"HEW Grants JACL $60,000: For Development of Curriculum Materials on J.A." (pp. 1-2), "District Councils Prep Delegates: Intermountain Calls for Better Understanding of Inter-Marriage" (p. 1), "JACL--National Convention: Citizenship Requirement" (p. 2), and "'Selective Moratorium' OK'd by Internat'l Whaling Commission" (p. 6).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-27/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 21 (November 22, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-46)

Selected article titles: "Hawaii Politics: Was There Distrust of Nikkei?' (p. 1), "Oil Crisis Exposes Japan's Weakness as Economic Force" (pp. 1, 3), "JACL--National Board: Nat'l Faces Year-End Cash Flow Ebb" (pp. 1-2), and "JACL--Sansei Study Tour: Hiroshima: The Turning Point" (p. 2).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-46/

doc Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 13 (April 5, 1974) (ddr-pc-46-13)

Selected article titles: "In JACL Memberships: Ask Removal of Alien Restrictions" (p. 1), "Seattle JACL Statement: Offensive Nature of 'Jap.'"(p. 2, 4), and "An Asian Hangup?: Never Mind 'Gaman'" (pp. 2, 5).

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-13/