Nisei male. Born April 28, 1929, in Seattle, Washington. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Had some key childhood experiences with discrimination that made him a self-described, "independent thinker," and later, an influential figure in the Japanese American community. While a teenager in camp, he wrote and defended an essay criticizing the …

Nisei male. Born September 12, 1923, in Thomas, Washington. Grew up in small town of Thomas, where family was part of the White River Valley farming corporation. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, moved to Chicago and managed a large estate farm. Eventually …

Nisei male. Born May 12, 1915, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento, where parents ran a successful farm. Drafted into the military in 1941, prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Served in the Military Intelligence Service, interrogating Japanese prisoners of war in New Guinea and the Philippines. After returning to the U.S., settled in …

Sansei female. Born November 12, 1939, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed as a small child to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to California with family, where parents established a nursery business in Torrance, California. Graduated from the University of Southern California, and worked as a teacher. Integral in …

Sansei female. Born August 26, 1933, in Berkeley, California. Removed to Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Family resettled in North Platte, Nebraska, where father operated a flower shop. Received undergraduate degree in education and sociology from Hastings College in Nebraska. Attended McCormick Seminary in Illinois. Married husband Frank Christ in 1959. Worked …

Nisei female. Born July 14, 1921, in San Gabriel, California. Spent childhood in Los Angeles where father operated a shoe repair business and grocery store. Family was removed to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Resettled in Denver after the war and worked in several businesses in Japantown. Married in 1947 and …

Nisei male. Born August 22, 1925, in Walnut Grove, California. Grew up in Walnut Grove, where parents owned and operated a restaurant and rooming house. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp for Chicago, Illinois, and worked in various places, including Colorado Springs …

Nisei female. Born May 9, 1927, in Selleck, Washington. Spent much of childhood in Beaverton, Oregon, where father owned a farm. Influenced at an early age by parents' conversion to Christianity. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, worked to establish a successful …

Nisei male. Born April 2, 1925, in Heeia, Hawaii. Grew up in a village called Fish Camp, where father was a fisherman. Witnessed Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Father was picked up and detained by the FBI at the Sand Island internment camp, Hawaii. After the war, earned a PhD in chemistry …

Nisei male. Born January 26, 1921, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grew up in Honolulu where father owned a successful fish auction business. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, volunteered for the Hawaiian Territorial Guard. Eventually was able to join the U.S. Army, and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Returned to Honolulu …

Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed "no-no" on the so-called "loyalty questionnaire" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in …

Nisei male. Born May 29, 1926, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in the Portland area, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend college in Des Moines, Iowa, and was drafted into the military. After military service, finished …

Nisei male. Born January 12, 1925, in Portland, Oregon, where parents ran a hotel business. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp early to attend college in Ohio. Was drafted into the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Returned …

Nisei male. Born February 8, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where father did custodial work. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Finished high school at Manzanar, and left camp to attend Drake college in Des Moines, Iowa. Drafted into the military and served as a medic …

Nisei male. Born in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where parents ran a farm and then father became a gardener. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp to finish high school in Chicago, Illinois, and attend college in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Drafted into the military. Eventually returned to …

Nisei male. Born September 22, 1926, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland where parents ran a small grocery store. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, was drafted into the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation. …

Nisei male. Born April 10, 1917, in Oregon. Grew up in Gresham, Oregon, where parents ran a farm. Drafted into the army before December 7, 1941. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was segregated from fellow soldiers along with other Japanese Americans. Recruited to the Military Intelligence Service and trained in Minnesota. After the war, lived …

Sansei male. Born July 17, 1934, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco, where he developed an early interest in Disney and the art of cartooning. During World War II, removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, returned to San Francisco. Established a long career …

Nisei female. Born July 14, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Spent early years in Seattle before family moved to the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, where father worked as a janitor at a wholesale produce market. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp to work in Detroit, …

Nisei male. Born 1924 in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in Tacoma, where father worked for a produce business. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp temporarily to work harvesting sugar beets for a sugar company. Drafted into the army in 1945. …

Nisei female. Born 1937 in Terminal Island, California. Grew up in Terminal Island, where father was a fisherman. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI, and the rest of the family moved to Compton, California. Removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for several years in the …

Nisei female. Born 1932 in Terminal Island, California. Grew up in Terminal Island, where father was a fisherman. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI, and the rest of the family moved to Compton, California. Removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for several years in the …

Nisei male. Born April 7, 1924, in Oak Grove, Oregon. Grew up in the Hood River, Oregon, area, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Volunteered to serve in the U.S. Army during the …

Sansei male. Born March 15, 1950, in Torrance, California. Grew up in the Los Angeles area, where father sold insurance. Active with Los Angeles' Koyasan Buddhist Temple's Boy Scout troop and performed with its drum and bugle corps. Attended UCLA and joined the staff of Gidra, an Asian American monthly newspaper-magazine started by a group of …

Sansei female. Born August 27, 1950, in Des Moines, Iowa. Spent early childhood in Des Moines where father worked in refrigeration and air conditioning and mother worked as a nurse. Married and moved to Portland, Oregon. Raised a family while teaching dance and getting involved in Japanese American community activities and political causes. Eventually became the …