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JA: When the camps were set up -- tell me, give me the overview of the numbers of camps and numbers of people that were affected.

SE: Well, Manzanar was the first one that was built and it was called an assembly or reception center. And I guess they were going to use it originally to put people there, then move them further inland. But then they started to build what they called assembly centers in fairgrounds and Santa Anita racetracks, I think there was a Tanforan racetrack up north, and Seattle they had fairgrounds also. And they were used to place people in there temporarily, and then from there, permanent camps were built and there were ten of them. One in Heart Mountain, Wyoming; two in California, Tule Lake and Manzanar; and Arizona had two, Poston, Arizona, and Gila River; and Granada, or Amache in Colorado; Minidoka in Idaho; Topaz, Utah. And then there were two camps in Arkansas, Jerome and Rohwer. And I think that was it -- Minidoka, Topaz, and the two in Arkansas were called Jerome and Rohwer.

JA: So how many people were affected by the time the war was over?

SE: By the time the war was over, there were about 120,313 people affected. Now, they were not all sent to the ten government camps. There were others that were sent to Immigration and Naturalization centers, the Justice Department camp, places like Crystal City, Texas, where families of the head of the households that were arrested were put. There's Missoula, Montana, where aliens were kept, and Bismarck, South Dakota, is another place. Santa Fe, New Mexico, was another one, and these are places where the original arrested people on December 7th were sent. Then there were two camps called Moab, Utah, and Leupp, Idaho, where so-called "troublemakers" were picked up from the camps and put there. And of course there were a number of other assembly centers and camps that I don't know about, but they were there.

<End Segment 5> - Copyright © 2002 Manzanar National Historic Site and Densho. All Rights Reserved.