Title: "Japanese Can't Be Naturalized, Says High Court," Seattle Times, 11/13/1922, (ddr-densho-56-372)
Densho ID: ddr-densho-56-372

JAPANESE CAN'T BE NATURALIZED, SAYS HIGH COURT

Highest Tribunal of Land Rules Against Eligibility of State of Washington and Hawaiian Residents.

By Associated Press.

WASHINGTON, Monday, Nov. 13. -- Japanese are not eligible for naturalization in the United States, it was held today by the Supreme Court.

In the findings the court disposes of two cases, one brought from Hawaii to Takao Ozawa against the United States and the other brought by Takuji Yamashita and Charles Hiokoko against the secretary of state of Washington. In the latter case both Japanese had been naturalized by a court of the state of Washington, but were refused incorporation as a real estate firm on the ground that their naturalization had been illegal.

The lower federal courts denied naturalization in both cases, but the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in considering the Ozawa case suspended its decision and asked the Supreme Court for instructions as to whether Japanese are eligible for citizenship under the naturalization laws.

The question largely turned upon whether Section 2169 of the revised statutes, restricting naturalization to "free white persons" and those of African descent, was still in force.