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"title": "\"Some Recollections of, and Reflections on, 1942\" by Mike Masaoka",
"description": "\"The Japanese American Relocation Reviewed\" The Earl Warren Oral History Project. Introduction: \"Some Recollections Of, and Reflections On, 1942\" by Mike Masaoka. Expresses opinion that Earl Warren, more than any other individual, was responsible for the mass removal by influencing the Executive decision.",
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"title": "Letter from Earl Warren, Governor of California, to Frank Herron Smith May 29, 1945",
"description": "Response to Smith's letter detailing incidents against Japanese Americans returning to California informs Smith that law enforcement is a local responsibility, and that Warren has \"personally urged every Mayor and every principal law enforcement officer in the state to support the government and do his full duty in this situation.\" Warren states that he is aware of the incidents and has been working to create \"a tolerant public opinion\"; he also states that he has worked with the Army and relocation authorities to address the problems, and that the state attorney general has been working to \"establish proper standards of law enforcement in this regard.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/310\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">065-1-a-01-01-05</a>",
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{
"term": "Geographic communities -- California",
"id": "271"
},
{
"term": "Race and racism -- Violence",
"id": "186"
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{
"term": "World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"",
"id": "104"
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"language": [
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 84, No. 22 (June 10, 1977)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"Americans Charge Reverse Bias Against Japanese Firms in U.S.\" (p.1, 5), \"Earl Warren Memoirs: 'It Was Wrong'\" (p.1, 4), \"Census Questionnaire Questioned\" (p.1-2), \"Ideas from Community Sought for Little Tokyo Redevelopment Update\" (p.3).",
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"term": "Community activities -- Nihonmachi (\"Japantowns\")",
"id": "27"
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{
"term": "Reflections on the past",
"id": "118"
},
{
"term": "Race and racism",
"id": "36"
},
{
"term": "Industry and employment",
"id": "5"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
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],
"contributor": "Pacific Citizen",
"geography": [
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"term": "Los Angeles, California",
"id": "11"
}
],
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"genre": "periodical",
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"creation": "June 10, 1977",
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},
"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 3 (July 19, 1974)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"The Warren Era: 1891-1974\" (pp. 1-2), \"Convention Propositions\" (pp. 1, 6), \"With Execom Recommendations: Policy Resolutions\" (pp. 1, 4), and \"Ruling the Air Waves. Gotham Next Door\" (p. 6).",
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"id": "20"
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{
"term": "Community activities -- Conventions and conferences",
"id": "299"
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{
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"id": "42"
},
{
"term": "Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen",
"id": "389"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
"eng"
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"persons": [
{
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}
],
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"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "July 19, 1974",
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 4 (July 26, 1974)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"CLers Confront 'Save the Whale' Picket Leaders\" (p. 1), \"Friends Unknown\" (pp. 1, 3), \"The First Chief Justice from the West\" (pp. 2, 5), and \"Asian-Americans at Annapolis: What Am I Doing Here?\" (p. 3).",
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],
"topics": [
{
"term": "Military service -- Post-World War II service",
"id": "297"
},
{
"term": "Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen",
"id": "389"
},
{
"term": "Race and racism -- Stereotypes",
"id": "161"
},
{
"term": "Reflections on the past",
"id": "118"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
"eng"
],
"persons": [
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"namepart": "Warren, Earl"
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"contributor": "Pacific Citizen",
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"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "July 26, 1974",
"status": "completed",
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 80, No. 12 (March 28, 1975)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"Warren Panicked on Evacuation, Says Esquire Story\" (p. 1), \"Pacific Southwest District Council: No More Impeachment Worries\" (pp. 1-2), and \"National Dialogue: National Advocacy\" (pp. 1-2).",
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"id": "20"
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{
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"id": "389"
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{
"term": "World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")",
"id": "57"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
"eng"
],
"persons": [
{
"namepart": "Warren, Earl"
}
],
"contributor": "Pacific Citizen",
"rights": "cc",
"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "March 28, 1975",
"status": "completed",
"search_hidden": "Japanese American Citizens League publisher Warren, Earl",
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 7 (August 13, 1982)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"As Trade Tensions Increase, Japan Wary of Scapegoating\" (p. 1), \"Whaling Ban Adds Problems to Strained U.S.-Japan Relations\" (pp. 1, 8), and \"Newspapers & Warren\" (pp. 4-5).",
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{
"term": "Japan",
"id": "108"
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{
"term": "Reflections on the past",
"id": "118"
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{
"term": "World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")",
"id": "57"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
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"persons": [
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"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "August 13, 1982",
"status": "completed",
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 69, No. 15 (October 10,1969)",
"description": "Select article titles: \"PNW backs black demand on building trade unions\" (p. 1); \"Nisei accused of perpetuating own stereotypes: Apathy, etc.\" (p. 1); \"Sacramento Judge Earl Warren Jr. to ask his father about Evacuation\" (p.1); \"'Be Human,' Nisei psychiatrist tells police academy graduates\" (p. 3); \"'Americanization' of Chinatown S.F. increasing militancy of its youth\" (p.4).",
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],
"topics": [
{
"term": "Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco",
"id": "273"
},
{
"term": "Identity and values -- Chinese American identity",
"id": "455"
},
{
"term": "Industry and employment",
"id": "5"
},
{
"term": "Industry and employment -- Law enforcement",
"id": "363"
},
{
"term": "Race and racism -- Stereotypes",
"id": "161"
},
{
"term": "World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases",
"id": "96"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
"eng"
],
"contributor": "Pacific Citizen",
"rights": "cc",
"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "10/10/1969",
"status": "completed",
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"title": "Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. VI, No. 5, May 1969",
"description": "Bulletin covering the following topics: Seattle Crime Prevention Advisory Commission asks Seattle JACL for names for one of six slots to be filled by appointment; 200 Bowlers in Seattle JACL Bowling Tournament; report on Kitano talk; Dillon Myers talks informally at Bush gathering. Talks about Earl Warren. Making apologies through his record on civil rights on the Supreme Court.",
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"namepart": "publisher"
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"language": [
"eng"
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"contributor": "Densho",
"rights": "cc",
"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Seattle, Washington",
"creation": "May. 1969",
"status": "completed",
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 4 (July 23, 1982)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"U.S. Appellate Court Rules INS Raids Violate Constitutional Rights\" (pp. 1, 3), \"Kokekokko: 'Japanese Camps'\" (p. 6), \"Inouye's 6 Steps to Reduce Tensions for War\" (p. 8), and \"Chief Justice Warren and the Japanese Detention Cases\" (pp. 8, 12).",
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"topics": [
{
"term": "Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen",
"id": "389"
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{
"term": "Immigration and citizenship",
"id": "1"
},
{
"term": "World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")",
"id": "57"
},
{
"term": "Education",
"id": "31"
},
{
"term": "Reflections on the past",
"id": "118"
},
{
"term": "World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Exclusion orders",
"id": "188"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
"eng"
],
"persons": [
{
"namepart": "Noguchi, Thomas T."
},
{
"namepart": "Warren, Earl"
}
],
"contributor": "Pacific Citizen",
"rights": "cc",
"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "July 23, 1982",
"status": "completed",
"search_hidden": "Japanese American Citizens League publisher Noguchi, Thomas T. \nWarren, Earl",
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"id": "ddr-pc-54-43",
"model": "entity",
"index": "10 10/{'value': 20, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
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"thumb": "http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-54/ddr-pc-54-43-mezzanine-e7086e7011-a.jpg"
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 95, No. 18 (October 29, 1982)",
"description": "Selected article titles: \"Coroner Noguchi's Case Due Final Oral Arguments\" (p. 1), \"Portuguese-Japanese Festa-Matsuri Slated Nov. 19-20\" (p. 3), and \"Warren and the Newspapers\" (p. 5).",
"extent": "11W x 14.75H",
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],
"topics": [
{
"term": "Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen",
"id": "389"
},
{
"term": "Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays",
"id": "25"
},
{
"term": "World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")",
"id": "57"
},
{
"term": "Reflections on the past",
"id": "118"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
"eng"
],
"persons": [
{
"namepart": "Noguchi, Thomas T."
},
{
"namepart": "Warren, Earl"
}
],
"contributor": "Pacific Citizen",
"rights": "cc",
"genre": "periodical",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "October 29, 1982",
"status": "completed",
"search_hidden": "Japanese American Citizens League publisher Noguchi, Thomas T. \nWarren, Earl",
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{
"id": "ddr-densho-56-895",
"model": "entity",
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"links": {
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"title": "How to Handle Japs Discussed By Governors (April 10, 1943)",
"description": "The Seattle Daily Times, April 10, 1943, p. 2",
"extent": "Unknown",
"links_children": "ddr-densho-56-895",
"creators": [
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"role": "publisher",
"namepart": "The Seattle Times Company"
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],
"topics": [
{
"term": "World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"",
"id": "104"
}
],
"format": "doc",
"language": [
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],
"persons": [
{
"namepart": "Warren, Earl"
},
{
"namepart": "Maw, Herbert B."
},
{
"namepart": "Osborn, Sidney P."
},
{
"namepart": "Longlie, Arthur B."
},
{
"namepart": "Hetherton, Pat"
}
],
"contributor": "Densho",
"rights": "nocc",
"genre": "periodical",
"creation": "April 10, 1943",
"status": "completed",
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"title": "Pacific Citizen, Vol. 70, No. 13 (April 3, 1970)",
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"title": "Letter from Francis Biddle, Attorney General of the United States, to Frank Herron Smith, May 8, 1945",
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"description": "White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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