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"title": "James Hirabayashi Interview",
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"title": "Arthur Ogami - Kimi Ogami Interview",
"description": "Arthur Ogami: Nisei male. Born April 10, 1922 in Whittier, California. Spent childhood in California, before being removed to Manzanar concentration camp in 1942. Left Manzanar several times to work as a beet topper for local farmers. Decided to expatriate to Japan because of mother's wishes, and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp. In 1945, was moved with brother to Bismarck, North Dakota, a Department of Justice camp, before renouncing U.S. citizenship and traveling with family to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, when he was able have his U.S. citizenship reinstated and return to the U.S. Raised family in Los Angeles, California.</p><p>Kimi Ogawa: Shin-Issei female. Born January 4, 1928, in Fukuoka, Japan. Lived in Japan during World War II, and in this interview, discusses her memories of wartime Japan. Met Arthur Ogami in Japan, married, and immigrated to the U.S. in the 1950s.",
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"description": "Sansei male. Born December 13, 1920, in Fresno, California. Father was born in Hawaii, mother was born in Japan. Grew up in Fresno, where parents ran a successful bicycle shop and general store. During World War II, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was segregated to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Renounced U.S. citizenship, and was transferred to the Department of Justice camp at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Decided to remain in the U.S., and had citizenship restored. After the war, returned to Fresno.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
"extent": "02:04:13",
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"title": "Betty Fumiye Ito Interview",
"description": "Nisei female. Born March 29, 1918, in Seattle, Washington, and spent childhood in Medina and Bellevue, Washington. While in high school was a member of the Bellevue Strawberry Festival's Queen's Court. In 1939 married Kenji Ito, a prominent Japanese American lawyer who practiced in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, recounts her experiences as her husband was picked up by the FBI on the evening of December 7, 1941. Describes the trial and acquittal of her husband after he was accused of working as a non-registered agent for Japan. After the trial, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in the Los Angeles area.",
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"description": "Nisei male. Born September 25, 1917, in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in Tacoma except for living in Japan for several years at age four. Attended the University of Washington in Seattle, majoring in Political Science, Far Eastern Studies, with a minor in journalism. Prior to World War II, worked as sports editor for community newspaper, The Japanese American Courier. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed along with wife to Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Had a daughter in Tule Lake, and then moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Recruited to work for the U.S. Army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was drafted, and trained in India. After the end of the war, was sent to Hiroshima, Japan, to conduct a U.S. government survey studying the effects of the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens. Returned to Seattle in 1946 and was the associate editor for another community newspaper, The Northwest Times. Worked for the Boeing Company postwar while raising a family. Was a founding member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee, working on the group's newsletter for thirty years.",
"extent": "05:04:07",
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"creation": "January 26 & 27, 2006",
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"title": "Hideo Hoshide Interview II",
"description": "Nisei male. Born September 25, 1917, in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in Tacoma except for living in Japan for several years at age four. Attended the University of Washington in Seattle, majoring in Political Science, Far Eastern Studies, with a minor in journalism. Prior to World War II, worked as sports editor for community newspaper, The Japanese American Courier. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed along with wife to Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Had a daughter in Tule Lake, and then moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Recruited to work for the U.S. Army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was drafted, and trained in India. After the end of the war, was sent to Hiroshima, Japan, to conduct a U.S. government survey studying the effects of the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens. Returned to Seattle in 1946 and was the associate editor for another community newspaper, The Northwest Times. Worked for the Boeing Company postwar while raising a family. Was a founding member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee, working on the group's newsletter for thirty years.",
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"title": "Art Shibayama Interview",
"description": "Nisei male. Born June 6, 1930, in Callao, Peru. Grew up in Peru, raised by both parents and grandparents. During World War II, taken with parents to the United States on a U.S. troop transport ship. Lived in the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, until family moved to work at Seabrook, New Jersey, a produce work company camp. Drafted into the army in the 1950s, even though considered an illegal alien, and served in Germany. Raised a family in Chicago, Illinois, and San Jose, California after military discharge. In recent years, attended several pilgrimages to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as well as reunions of Japanese Peruvians. Involved in the Campaign for Justice, an effort to obtain redress for Japanese Latin Americans.",
"extent": "03:48:04",
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"contributor": "Densho",
"rights": "cc",
"genre": "interview",
"location": "Seattle, Washington",
"creation": "October 26, 2003",
"status": "completed",
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"title": "Ed Yoshikawa Interview",
"description": "Nisei male. Born January 30, 1925, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento. During World War II, removed to the Sacramento (Walerga) Assembly Center, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend college in Michigan. Drafted into the military and served with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in Europe. After military discharge, moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and established a career with Munsingwear.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
"extent": "01:47:46",
"links_children": "ddr-densho-1014-11",
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"namepart": "Steve Ozone"
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"contributor": "Twin Cities JACL Collection",
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"location": "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
"creation": "December 12, 2009",
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"display_name": "Fred Tadashi Shingu",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born April 14, 1923, in Yuba City, California. Grew up in Elk Grove, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved with family to Florin, California, and was removed to the Marysville Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. While in Tule Lake, refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and was confined in Tule Lake's stockade. Participated in a hunger strike, and eventually renounced U.S. citizenship. After release from Tule Lake, regained U.S. citizenship and returned to California."
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"id": "ddr-densho-1000-378",
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"title": "Emi Somekawa Interview",
"description": "Nisei female. Born May 10, 1918, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in the small town of Brooks, Oregon, where parents ran a farm. Prior to World War II, became a nurse, married, and had a child. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and worked in the camp's hospital. Transferred for one year to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, eventually returned to Portland and resumed nursing career.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
"extent": "02:19:51",
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"location": "Seattle, Washington",
"creation": "November 21, 2011",
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"id": "ddr-densho-1000-72",
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"title": "Fumiko M. Noji Interview",
"description": "Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business.",
"extent": "01:39:17",
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],
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"genre": "interview",
"location": "Bellevue, Washington",
"creation": "April 22, 1998",
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"display_name": "Sadako Nimura Kashiwagi",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born June 27, 1933, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Newcastle, California, where parents were tenant farmers. During World War II, removed to the Marysville Assembly Center, California, and then to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Remained in Tule Lake when it was converted to a segregation center. After leaving camp, returned to California."
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"display_name": "Kenge Kobayashi",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born July 25, 1926, in the Imperial Valley, California. Incarcerated at the Tulare Assembly Center, California, Gila River concentration camp, Arizona, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. In his interview, he discusses his memories of Tule Lake concentration camp after it became a segregation center, including the killing of a camp inmate rioting, implementation of martial law, and pressures to participate in pro-Japanese activities."
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"display_name": "Jimi Yamaichi",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born October 27, 1922. Grew up in San Jose, California, where his father had a farming operation. Incarcerated in the Pomona Assembly Center, Heart Mountain concentration camp and Tule Lake Segregation Center. Worked on an engineering crew on the Shoshone Dam, and later was a carpentry foreman in Tule Lake. Was in Tule during the riots, and during the imposition of the draft. He chose to resist the draft, and unlike other draft resisters, was exonerated of all charges by a judge in Eureka, California. After the war, conducted walking tours of the Tule Lake grounds during reunions organized by the Tule Lake Pilgrimage Committee."
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"title": "Larry R. Pacheco Interview",
"description": "White male. Born November 4, 1922, in San Jose, California. Drafted into the military after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, served as a military police guard at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Shipped overseas, and was captured in France as a prisoner of war and held in Germany. After completing military service, returned to San Jose.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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"title": "Warren Koichi Suzuki Interview",
"description": "Nisei male. Born February 27, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. At age ten, was sent to Japan to live and attend school. Returned to Seattle prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Seattle and lived with then wife and child in a hostel located in Seattle's Japanese language school. Established a postwar career with the City of Seattle.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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"title": "Masamizu Kitajima Interview",
"description": "Nisei male. Born August 1, 1933, in Ookala, Hawaii. At a young age, sent to Japan to live with grandfather and begin ministry training, but returned to the U.S. just before the onset of World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father, a prominent Buddhist minister, was picked up and arrested by the FBI. Mother couldn't support the children alone, so the family entered the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they were reunited with father. Father signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and moved the family to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, in anticipation of repatriating to Japan. Parents changed their minds and did not go to Japan, so the family returned to Hawaii after leaving Tule Lake. After the war, Masamizu established a successful career in airplane mechanics.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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"description": "Nisei male. Born November 18, 1923, on Terminal Island, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, where father was part of the large Japanese American fishing community. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While at Manzanar, joined the irrigation crew and took expeditons out in the hills surrounding camp to hike and fish. Signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake Segregation Center<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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"title": "Tom Matsuoka Interview",
"description": "Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook.",
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"title": "Frank Miyamoto Interview I",
"description": "Nisei male. Born July 29, 1912, in Seattle, Washington. Wrote 'Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle' as a Master's thesis, published in 1939 as one of the first academic works on the Japanese immigrant community. Incarcerated in Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Member of the Evacuation and Resettlement Study which studied the incarceration and resettlement of Japanese Americans during World War II. Resettled in Seattle. Was a longtime member of the faculty in Sociology at the University of Washington, served as Chairman of his department, and was Acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.",
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"title": "Frank Miyamoto Interview III",
"description": "Nisei male. Born July 29, 1912, in Seattle, Washington. Wrote 'Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle' as a Master's thesis, published in 1939 as one of the first academic works on the Japanese immigrant community. Incarcerated in Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Member of the Evacuation and Resettlement Study which studied the incarceration and resettlement of Japanese Americans during World War II. Resettled in Seattle. Was a longtime member of the faculty in Sociology at the University of Washington, served as Chairman of his department, and was Acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.",
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"description": "Nisei male. Born September 22, 1926, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland where parents ran a small grocery store. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, was drafted into the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Eventually returned to Portland and became a teacher and school administrator.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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}
}
}
}
},
"_source": [
"id",
"model",
"links_html",
"links_json",
"links_img",
"links_thumb",
"links_children",
"status",
"public",
"title",
"description",
"contributor",
"creators",
"creators.namepart",
"facility",
"format",
"genre",
"geography",
"label",
"language",
"creation",
"location",
"persons",
"rights",
"topics",
"image_url",
"display_name",
"bio",
"extent",
"search_hidden"
]
}
}
