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"display_name": "Roy Murakami",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born January 15, 1931, in Los Angeles, California. Prior to World War II, father was a community leader who helped to establish the first judo dojo in Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Following the war, served in the military during the Korean War, and eventually returned to California."
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"display_name": "Isao Kikuchi",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born December 9, 1921, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles. During World War II, volunteered to move to Manzanar concentration camp, California, early in order to help with the construction of the camp. After leaving camp, relocated to Chicago, Illinois. Drafted into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and served overseas. Eventually returned to California."
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"display_name": "Sumiko Yamauchi",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born January 11, 1927, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where parents ran a florist shop. During World War II, sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived and worked with family at Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, before leaving to attend school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Eventually returned to California."
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"display_name": "George Oda",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born December 24, 1923, in Burbank, California. Grew up in the North Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp and worked for a time in Denver, Colorado, before eventually returning to the Los Angeles area to farm."
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"display_name": "Patricia Mariko Morikawa Sakamoto",
"bio": "Sansei female. Born April 20, 1944, in Manzanar, California. Parents married in camp, but separated soon after when father returned with his family to Japan. Left Manzanar for the Burbank trailer camp, then moved with mother and stepfather to Los Angeles, California. Active with the Manzanar Committee."
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"display_name": "Tom Ikkanda",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born August 22, 1917, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Worked for a reservoir maintenance crew in camp. Left camp for Reno, Nevada, finding work as an aviation mechanic. Later returned to Los Angeles, establishing a business as an auto mechanic."
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"index": "6 131/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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"display_name": "Mas Okui",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born October 4, 1931, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to the Los Angeles area. Was drafted into the military and served during the Korean War. Became a teacher, and is active in Japanese American community organizations."
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"display_name": "John Young",
"bio": "Chinese American male. Born May 22, 1923, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles where father was an herbalist. In 1942, married a Japanese American woman and voluntarily joined her and her family in the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, drafted into the military and served in Europe."
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"index": "8 133/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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"display_name": "Clyde Tichenor",
"bio": "White male. Born August 28, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Lost father at an early age and moved to Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, began to study judo. Was part of a group in 1943 that visited Manzanar and competed in a judo tournament. Served in the navy during World War II and eventually returned to Los Angeles, continued to practice judo."
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"title": "Robert A. Nakamura Interview",
"description": "Nisei/Sansei male. Born July 5, 1936, in Venice, California. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Denver before returning to Los Angeles. After the war, became a pioneering filmmaker. Founder of Visual Communications, the oldest community-based media arts center in the United States. Along with wife Karen Ishizuka, founded the Media Arts Center of the Japanese American National Museum.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)",
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"contributor": "Friends of Manzanar Collection",
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"genre": "interview",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "November 30, 2011",
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"display_name": "Sumiko Sakai Kozawa",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born January 10, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Feliz, California, where family ran a flower growing business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and worked in the camp's medical laboratory. After leaving camp, returned to Los Feliz and reestablished the flower shop."
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"id": "231",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "11 136/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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"interviews": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/231/interviews/"
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"display_name": "Dennis Bambauer",
"bio": "Male of Japanese and French-Irish descent. Born October 7, 1934, in Los Angeles, California. As a child, resided in the Children's Home Society Orphanage in Los Angeles. During World War II, was transferred to Manzanar concentration camp's \"Children's Village\" for orphans. Was adopted out of camp by a family from Bishop, California. Eventually became a teacher."
},
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"id": "658",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "12 137/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
"html": "https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/658/",
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"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yyoneo.jpg",
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"interviews": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/658/interviews/"
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"display_name": "Yoneo Yamamoto",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born March 26, 1923, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Boyle Heights area where father ran a pharmacy. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Cleveland, Ohio, before returning to Los Angeles and establishing a successful career in public health."
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"id": "232",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "13 138/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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"display_name": "Henry Fukuhara",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born April 25, 1913, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in California prior to World War II. Removed to Manzanar concentration camp, California, during the war. Left Manzanar in 1943 and lived in various locations, eventually settling in New York and California. Mr. Fukuhara was a prominent artist."
},
{
"id": "1015",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "14 139/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
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"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-524_narr.jpg",
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"display_name": "Amy Uyematsu",
"bio": "Sansei female. Born in 1947 in Pasadena, California. Parents were incarcerated at the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and Gila River concentration camp, Arizona, during World War II. Graduated from the University of California at Los Angeles with a mathematics degree. Taught math for more than thirty years in the Los Angeles Unified Schools. Began publishing poetry in the 1990s and is the author of six poetry anthologies."
},
{
"id": "437",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "15 140/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
"html": "https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/437/",
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"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sann.jpg",
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"interviews": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/437/interviews/"
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"display_name": "Ann Sugimoto",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born September 22, 1916, in Los Angeles, California, and grew up in Venice, California. Married before World War II, and removed during the war to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Had a child in camp. After leaving Manzanar, lived in Ohio for a number of years before returning to California."
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"title": "Hannah Tomiko Holmes speaks at a press conference in Los Angeles about a lawsuit seeking reparations",
"description": "Caption next to image reads, \"LAWSUIT FILED AGAINST U.S.--Hannah Tomiko Holmes, a Japanese-American who was interned at Manzanar, speaks at a press conference in Los Angeles Wednesday during which it was announced that a lawsuit had been filed against the United States government by a group of Japanese-Americans who were interned during World War II. The suit seeks to represent more than 120,000 former internees as a class and seeks more than $24 billion in reparations.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hslb_npc_0038</a>",
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"id": "234"
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{
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"id": "167"
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{
"term": "Redress and reparations -- Mobilizing and organizing the community",
"id": "111"
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"contributor": "Historical Society of Long Beach, Long Beach, California",
"rights": "nocc",
"genre": "photograph",
"location": "Los Angeles, California",
"creation": "3/16/1983",
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"display_name": "Glenn H. Kageyama",
"bio": "Sansei male. Born March 6, 1947, in Los Angeles, California. Son of Akira Kageyama, one of the key players in the guyaule rubber-producing project at the Manzanar concentration camp, California, during World War II."
},
{
"id": "381",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "18 143/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
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"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhenry_2.jpg",
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"display_name": "Henry Nishi",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born March 20, 1919, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in several cities in California, where father owned and operated several nurseries and a landscaping business. Attended University of California at Davis prior to World War II. During the war, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, where, along with a group of friends, established a nursery business. Served in the Military Intelligence Service in Japan before returning to Los Angeles."
},
{
"id": "852",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "19 144/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
"html": "https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/852/",
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"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/smary_3.jpg",
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"interviews": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/852/interviews/"
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"display_name": "Mary Jean Spallino",
"bio": "White female. Born June 18, 1919, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Grew up in Los Angeles, California, and attended UCLA. During World War II, recruited to teach at the Manzanar concentration camp."
},
{
"id": "347",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "20 145/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
"html": "https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/347/",
"json": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/347/",
"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge_2.jpg",
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"interviews": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/347/interviews/"
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"display_name": "George Kikuta",
"bio": "Kibei male. Born March 3, 1942, in Los Angeles, California. At only a few months of age, removed to the Manzanar and Tule Lake concentration camps, California. Expatriated to Japan with family during World War II. Grew up in Japan before returning to Los Angeles for high school. Later studied accounting, and became one of the early bilingual Japanese American CPAs in the field."
},
{
"id": "506",
"model": "narrator",
"index": "21 146/{'value': 188, 'relation': 'eq'}",
"links": {
"html": "https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/506/",
"json": "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/506/",
"img": "https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kbruce.jpg",
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"display_name": "Bruce T. Kaji",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born May 9, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles and was in high school when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. During the war, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, then was inducted into the army. Joined the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation as an interpreter for the war crimes trials. Returned to Los Angeles and established Merit Savings Bank, later becoming involved in the redevelopment of Little Tokyo. Mr. Kaji is one of the key founders of the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles."
},
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"title": "Laying water line at Manzanar",
"description": "Caption from reverse of image reads, \"LAYING WATER LINE FOR JAPANESE BOOM TOWN, A trench digger churned its way across the floor of Owens Valley March 19 to speed laying of a water supply line for the boom town for evacuated Japanese being erected at Manzanar under the direction of Lt. Gen. John L. Dewitt of the Western Defense Command. Though the big community for some 10,000 Japanese from Southern California cities is located near an aqueduct supplying Los Angeles, water for the reception center will be piped from a stream in the Sierra Nevada, which rise snow-capped in the background.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hslb_npc_0028</a>",
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"term": "World War II -- Concentration camps",
"id": "65"
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