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"title": "Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 13 of 13.",
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"title": "Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 9 of 13.",
"description": "Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama contacted her agent about Dr. Shiomi's claim and was told that it wasn't true. The agent added that it would be impossible since the lease was in Dr. Koyama's name. In February of 1942, Mrs. Koyama cleared out her husband's office. Mrs. Koyama then goes on in the letter detailing why she and her husband raised their kids as Americans. She attributes becoming a Christian as the main impetus for not teaching her children Japanese. She said the Bible states that a person cannot serve two masters, so neither can a person serve two nations. She did say that she received criticism from the Japanese community for this, but she wanted her kids to be loyal to only one country, so the sacrifice was worth it. If they wanted to learn Japanese, they could do so on their own.",
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"description": "Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Dr. Koyama felt forced to buy subscriptions to numerous Japanese language newsletter as he would have been blacklisted by members of the community had he not done so. Now that his business was becoming successful, he felt he did not have to rely on those Japanese business connections anymore. Dr. Koyama was able to pay for the new practice in three installments. The final one was made a week before Pearl Harbor. Mrs. Koyama then brings up a story concerning Dr. Shiomi - a Japanese doctor who also had a practice on the same floor as Dr. Koyama. It seems that Dr. Shiomi wished to lease the entire second floor and set about doing so without the permission of the other tenants.",
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"description": "Photocopy of a declassified file on Keizaburo Koyama by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. This page goes into greater detail the reasoning for interning Koyama. The FBI has labeled the Fatherland Society as \"one of the most aggressive and active of the Japanese nationalist organizations...It's members are selected by reason of their intense loyalty and belief in the deity of the Mikado.\" As for the Japanese Chamber of Commerce, the FBI noted the organization's fundraising efforts to support Japan during the Sino-Japanese War and for its goal of promoting Japanese culture abroad. The FBI felt that this was being done to the detriment of raising American born Japanese children as proper Americans. Per notes taken from Tomishichi Akiyama, a fellow Issei arrested by the FBI, the Japanese Association felt that they were under FBI surveillance and recommended greater secrecy during their meetings to avoid trouble.",
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"description": "Photocopy of a declassified file on Keizaburo Koyama by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The report notes that cannot verify if the FBI actually had the Japanese Association under surveillance, but the secretive activities of the group warranted greater scrutiny. The FBI does not find Koyama to be a Japanese leader, but his continued financial support of Japan makes him susceptible to disloyalty. As such, United States Attorney General Francis Biddle ordered that he be interned.",
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"title": "Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 4 of 13.",
"description": "Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the forth page, Mrs. Koyama asks her husband's acquaintance why Dr. Koyama would even subscribe to such a newsletter. He answered that it was because the Japanese community in Portland is small and very tightknit and this was one way to support that community. She asked how that magazine got started and he said that those people were either dead or no longer in the United States. He added that the magazine's purpose was not to overthrow the United States, but to raise American dollars for Japan as they were more valuable than Japanese currency. Mrs. Koyama then moves on to the second reason for her husband's incarceration: misidentification. She had received a letter from her husband while he was interned at Missoula, Montana saying that he had been mistaken for a [sic] \"stoway.\"",
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"title": "Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 5 of 6.",
"description": "Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama's sworn statement to Inspector Clarence J. Wise. The report states Koyama's biographical history and physical measurements. It lists his entry date to the United States as December 31, 1914. He states that he is a member of the Portland Chamber of Commerce and the Japanese Methodist Church, but is not a member of any secret organization. After his statement, he was transferred to the Multnomah County Jail and then transported to Camp Missoula, Montana. Confidential Informant 201 and the reporting agent reviewed all the evidence removed from Koyama's office and found \"no apparent significance to this investigation.\" The report states that on December 9, 1941, John Pittenger of the Portland Police Department found no evidence in their files that Koyama committed any criminal offenses. However, the Motor Vehicle Division noted that on January 9, 1940, Koyama paid a $2 fine for failing to observe a stop sign and that he was arrested on October 14, 1941 for disregarding a signal.",
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"description": "Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. This page further elaborates that Confidential Informant SE N-1 has, on several occasions, mis-translated Japanese names. In this case, he mistook the name \"Iwao Oyama\" for Keizaburo Koyama. The informant said that his original source for the names, a Japanese newspaper, has since been destroyed. The informant went on to say Koyama came to the United States in 1915, his wife, Teru, followed in 1918, and that his son was born in Oregon in 1928. The informant said that Koyama was on the executive committee of the Japanese Association of Portland in 1938 and 1939 and currently worked as a dentist at 6 S.W. 6th Avenue, Portland, Oregon and resided at 8306 S.E. Washington, Portland, Oregon. The informant advised the Federal Bureau of Investigation about a newspaper article in the G.N. Daily News dated January 28, 1941 that \"drastic changes\" were taking place in the Portland Japanese Association's internal structure and that Koyama was appointed as a member of the research committee. A translation of another article from the N.A. Times dated January 28, 1941 provided by the informant listed Koyama as one of the consuls for the Japanese Golf Club for Portland, Oregon.",
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"title": "Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 3 of 6.",
"description": "Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. Confidential Informant N1 provided another translated article from the North American Times dated February 14, 1941 which stated that Koyama was appointed to the Industrial Department of the Japanese Association of Oregon, which was reorganized as a new Japanese Chamber of Commerce. On March 5, 1941, Koyama was appointed as a miscellaneous chairman for the new Chamber. The report by Quinn notes that Koyama was \"fairly well acquainted\" with the local influential Portland Japanese community. He notes that Koyama is also on the Financial Department of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce for the 31st District (Linnton District of Portland). Additional information was provided by Dr. A. F. Weeks of the State Board of Dental Examiners and a Mrs. Crew of the north Pacific Dental College. Quinn notes that Koyama shares his business office with three other Japanese nationals - Dr. George Shiomi, Dr. D.N. Unthank, and Howard Nomura. Paul Yamada, a Nisei, states that prior to becoming a dentist, Koyama worked in the Oregon News (Oshu Nippo) with Iwao Oyama, its current publisher.",
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"title": "Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 1 of 6.",
"description": "Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama by Vincent M. Quinn on January 14, 1942. It states that Koyama was born on October 7, 1897 and immigrated to Seattle, Washington in 1914. He was working as a dentist in Portland, Oregon when the order for his arrest was issued on December 8, 1941. He was picked up on December 10, 1941 and is currently confined in Camp Missoula, Montana. The document further details that a prior report was incorrect in stating that Koyama received the Japanese Foreign Minister's Cup for distinguished services abroad.",
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"title": "Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 6 of 6.",
"description": "Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. A bench warrant was issued for Koyama for disregarding a signal, but no disposition was noted in his records. The files in the Multnomah County Jail did not show any information on Koyama's arrest or warrant on the matter. A report from the Credit Reporting Company from Rose Zurbuchen showed that Koyama had been sued twice and that his credit score was \"very slow\" due to his long history of not paying back loans in a time manner as some of his debt was dated back to 1932. The report also notes that Koyama paid $5 in 1940 and 1941 for dues to the Japanese Association of Portland, $2 above the usual fee of $3. A review of the Japanese Association of Japan, along with its Japanese Chamber of Commerce, found it to be dominated by native born Japanese members and that many of its activities indicated sympathies towards Japan. Due to this, the report states that these sympathies has a \"retarding effect on the Americanization of second generation Japanese\" as the officers of the organization were \"very pro-Japanese.\"",
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"title": "Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 4 of 6.",
"description": "Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. The page starts with a review of the 1928 census which states that Koyama entered the United States in December of 1918 and that he has a wife, a son named Katsumi, and two daughters named Eva and Kes. Myron Johnston, a neighbor of Koyama, tracked Koyama's family schedule and noted that Koyama often came home around 11 or 12 o'clock and that his wife and kids attended the local Methodist Church. Johnston stated that Koyama considered the Japanese-Chinese war as undiplomatic on Japan's part and that it was instigated by a small military group and was not desired by most Japanese. Johnston went on to say that Koyama sends his son to the Japanese language school. Johnston said he and Koyama have golfed together on several occasions and that he has never heard of Koyama disparaging the United States, but should Koyama start asking suspicious questions, Johnston would inform the police immediately. The report notes that on December 10, 1941 at 4:00, Koyama was picked up by Lieutenant William Browne and Officer Lawrence P. O'Halloran. They did a complete search of Koyama's office and cataloged the evidence they collected. Koyama provided written permission for the search. He was then delivered to Immigrant Inspector Louis C. Hafferman at the U.S. Court House, Portland, Oregon at 4:30 PM. He was interrogated by Inspector Clarence J. Wise.",
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