Draft resistance

In 1944 the government reinstated the draft for Japanese Americans after suspending it in 1942 and began drafting men directly from the camps. This action angered many. At Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, resistance took the form of an organized movement calling itself the Fair Play Committee. Members demanded that their rights as citizens be restored before enlisting in the military. Eventually, sixty-three men from Heart Mountain refused induction and were sentenced to prison terms for draft evasion. In the other camps, disparate individuals made the decision to resist the draft. After being unfairly incarcerated for almost two years, they saw the draft as the final injustice. Ultimately, 267 men from all the concentration camps were convicted of evading the draft and most served time in prison. President Truman pardoned all of the resisters in 1947.

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)
Draft resistance (349)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Draft resistance, Frank Emi, Gordon Hirabayashi, No-No Boy (book)

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349 items
James Omura Interview I Segment 6 (ddr-densho-122-4-6)
vh James Omura Interview I Segment 6 (ddr-densho-122-4-6)
As editor of the Rocky Shimpo, writing editorials supporting the Heart Mountain resisters

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not …

James Omura Interview I Segment 21 (ddr-densho-122-4-21)
vh James Omura Interview I Segment 21 (ddr-densho-122-4-21)
Thoughts on the JACL's passage of a resolution to acknowledge the loyalty of the wartime draft resisters

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 23 (ddr-densho-122-20-23)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 23 (ddr-densho-122-20-23)
Long-term affects of wartime resistance; reaction of community members

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 22 (ddr-densho-122-20-22)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 22 (ddr-densho-122-20-22)
Reflections on decision to resist the draft: "the injustice of the whole thing was so great, unfair"

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 7 (ddr-densho-122-20-7)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 7 (ddr-densho-122-20-7)
Reaction to the government's institution of the military draft, holding a rally

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 20 (ddr-densho-122-20-20)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 20 (ddr-densho-122-20-20)
Learning that conviction had been reversed: "it was a very happy occasion"

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 9 (ddr-densho-122-20-9)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 9 (ddr-densho-122-20-9)
Recalling an interrogation by the camp project director

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 6 (ddr-densho-122-20-6)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 6 (ddr-densho-122-20-6)
Beginnings of the Fair Play Committee

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 12 (ddr-densho-122-20-12)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 12 (ddr-densho-122-20-12)
Discussion of the bulletins issues by the Fair Play Committee and "the one line that got us indicted"

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 17 (ddr-densho-122-20-17)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 17 (ddr-densho-122-20-17)
Receiving a "guilty" verdict and filing an appeal

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 19 (ddr-densho-122-20-19)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 19 (ddr-densho-122-20-19)
Passing time in prison, talking with Issei Guntaro Kubota

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 21 (ddr-densho-122-20-21)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 21 (ddr-densho-122-20-21)
Life after World War II: losing touch with other Fair Play Committee leaders, working for the post office, teaching judo

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 15 (ddr-densho-122-20-15)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 15 (ddr-densho-122-20-15)
Arrest by the FBI, leaving family and being taken to jail

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 16 (ddr-densho-122-20-16)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 16 (ddr-densho-122-20-16)
Standing trial for resisting the draft

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 10 (ddr-densho-122-20-10)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 10 (ddr-densho-122-20-10)
Bolstered by public support from James Omura, editor of the Rocky Shimpo

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, …

Frank Emi Interview II Segment 11 (ddr-densho-122-20-11)
vh Frank Emi Interview II Segment 11 (ddr-densho-122-20-11)
Description of the purpose of the Fair Play Committee

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing …

Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 15 (ddr-densho-122-12-15)
vh Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 15 (ddr-densho-122-12-15)
Recollections of prison, being released

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the …

Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-122-12-4)
vh Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-122-12-4)
Feeling disappointment upon meeting Minoru Yasui

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding …

Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 13 (ddr-densho-122-12-13)
vh Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 13 (ddr-densho-122-12-13)
Thoughts on members of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing …

Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 1 (ddr-densho-122-12-1)
vh Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 1 (ddr-densho-122-12-1)
Meeting with Minoru Yasui and telling him about resistance decision

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily …

Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 8 (ddr-densho-122-12-8)
vh Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 8 (ddr-densho-122-12-8)
Receiving the silent treatment from the Japanese American community postwar

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily …

Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 2 (ddr-densho-122-12-2)
vh Jim Akutsu Interview Segment 2 (ddr-densho-122-12-2)
Forms of resistance: "repatriation" strategy

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the …

Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-122-24-4)
vh Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-122-24-4)
The postwar ostracization of the resisters

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding …

Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 6 (ddr-densho-122-24-6)
vh Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 6 (ddr-densho-122-24-6)
Opinion of the Fair Play Committee and the resisters of conscience: "I have nothing but the highest respect for them"

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews …

Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 1 (ddr-densho-122-24-1)
vh Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 1 (ddr-densho-122-24-1)
Feelings about the Japanese American Citizens League

This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues …

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