Resistance and dissidence

Resistance to exclusion and incarceration took many different forms: non-compliance with exclusion orders and concomitant court cases challenging them, refusal to obey draft orders, labor strikes, and individual and group protests within the camps.

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)

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84 items
View of Camp from a Vehicle (ddr-csujad-13-3)
img View of Camp from a Vehicle (ddr-csujad-13-3)
A photograph that appears to have been taken from inside a vehicle. A row of barracks or some other structures are in view as well as another vehicle and a group of incarcerees. According to the caption on back of photograph, this photo depicts, "Evacuating loyal Japs [500 of 16,000] whose lives were in danger. They …
Letter from C. Walter Borton and Homer L. Morris to Dear Friend, May 21, 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-4)
doc Letter from C. Walter Borton and Homer L. Morris to Dear Friend, May 21, 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-4)
Report to people who have contributed financial support for the Gordon Hirabayashi case on the hearing before the Supreme Court. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JAIC_1-07_02
Letter to Dear Friend from the Gordon Hirabayashi Defense Committee, January 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-3)
doc Letter to Dear Friend from the Gordon Hirabayashi Defense Committee, January 1943 (ddr-csujad-16-3)
Fundraising letter requesting contributions for taking Gordon Hirabayashi's case to the Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco. At the time of writing, Hirabayashi was imprisoned in King County, Washington. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JAIC_1-07_01
Relocation Communities for Wartime Evacuees, September 1942 (ddr-csujad-19-23)
doc Relocation Communities for Wartime Evacuees, September 1942 (ddr-csujad-19-23)
This paper describes the relocation communities for "the wartime evacuees" from the Pacific Coast. It also talks about the community life and the work opportunities for the incarceress in the different incarceration camps. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: WRA_01-15_01
Subject: separation of evacuees of doubtful loyalty from loyal evacuees [policy memo by Dillon S. Myer] (ddr-csujad-19-1)
doc Subject: separation of evacuees of doubtful loyalty from loyal evacuees [policy memo by Dillon S. Myer] (ddr-csujad-19-1)
Details the War Relocation Authority's policy to remove to a separate facility "those persons of Japanese ancestry residing in relocation centers who by their acts have indicated that their loyalties lie with Japan during the present hostilities." Along with Policy, headings include Designation of Center for Evacuees of Doubtful Loyalty, referring to Tule Lake; Persons to …
Reports on Tule Lake transfers (ddr-csujad-2-48)
doc Reports on Tule Lake transfers (ddr-csujad-2-48)
Information about 14 different incarceree transfers to Tule Lake Incarceration Camp. Reasons for transfer primarily due to loyalty questionnaire. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0048
Letter from Tommy Tomilson, Chief of Internal Security at Granada Camp to Willard E. Schmidt, Chief of Internal Security at Tule Lake Camp, May 19, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-47)
doc Letter from Tommy Tomilson, Chief of Internal Security at Granada Camp to Willard E. Schmidt, Chief of Internal Security at Tule Lake Camp, May 19, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-47)
Information about Motokazu Okada, an incarceree transfer to Tule Lake camp from Granada Camp. Transferred for persistent gambling and drinking. Also includes personal correspondence. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0047
Memo from Willard E. Schmidt, Chief, Administrative Police, to R. R. [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, February 28, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-95)
doc Memo from Willard E. Schmidt, Chief, Administrative Police, to R. R. [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, February 28, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-95)
Memo regarding arming of Administrative Police Section with pro and con of the 45 automatic vs. shotgun. Enumerates reasons for preferring the shotgun over the 45 automatic rifle and describing conditions in the camp. See also the related handwritten document, Memorandum from Willard Schmidt, Chief of Administrative Police, to Best, [1944]. See this object in the …
[Report of the informal meeting of the wardens, members of the Advisory Council and Co-ordinating Committee, January 15, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-35)
doc [Report of the informal meeting of the wardens, members of the Advisory Council and Co-ordinating Committee, January 15, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-35)
Meeting minutes between incarceree led Tule Lake Camp government, the Advisory Council, and the wardens. Discussion on police and security measures within the camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0035
Report on Harry Tateishi's political activities (ddr-csujad-2-50)
doc Report on Harry Tateishi's political activities (ddr-csujad-2-50)
Report on the political activities of Harry Tateishi at Tule Lake Camp. Discusses his dissatisfaction with the Co-ordinating committee, and his opposition politics. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0050
Co-ordinating Committee meeting notes, March 9, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-1)
doc Co-ordinating Committee meeting notes, March 9, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-1)
Memoranda from incarceree-lead government within the camp. Includes requests for the immediate release of 14 prisoners from the military stockades. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0001
Letter from children of Kihichi Sakamoto to Project Director [Raymond R. Best], February 14, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-94)
doc Letter from children of Kihichi Sakamoto to Project Director [Raymond R. Best], February 14, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-94)
Letter from three of his children, Tatsuo, Manabu, and Osamu Sakamoto, requests the release of their father, Kihichi Sakamoto, from the Army Stockade, for the sake of their mother's "health and mind" stating that she has been ill since their stay in Heart Mountain the previous year and has suffered a relapse upon her husband's imprisonment …
[Report on Tule Lake disorders] (ddr-csujad-2-64)
doc [Report on Tule Lake disorders] (ddr-csujad-2-64)
A report written from the Community Analysis Section at Camp Granada regarding transfers to Amache Camp from Tule Lake Camp. The report describes the protests at Tule Lake Camp which led to martial law from November, 1943-January 1944. Highlights of the report include protests against the low quality and quantity of food present at Tule Lake …
[Minutes of the meeting of the advisory council and the divisional responsible men, January 14, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-34)
doc [Minutes of the meeting of the advisory council and the divisional responsible men, January 14, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-34)
Meeting minutes between incarceree led Tule Lake Camp government and the Advisory Council. Discusses role of the Co-ordinating Committee within the Camp, and the rejection of employees from camp jobs. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0034
[Straws in the wind: An inquiry into the causes of the recent flare-ups], report on Manzanar protests, 1942-08-12 (ddr-csujad-2-49)
doc [Straws in the wind: An inquiry into the causes of the recent flare-ups], report on Manzanar protests, 1942-08-12 (ddr-csujad-2-49)
Report on strike at Manzanar Incarceration camp. Report discusses unrest and discrimination within camp leading to loyalty towards Japan. Also offers suggestions to create a "Pro-America Community" within the WRA program. Also includes personal correspondence to Willard Schmidt. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0049
Letter from S. [Koni] to Hon [F de Amat], November 13,1943 (ddr-csujad-2-4)
doc Letter from S. [Koni] to Hon [F de Amat], November 13,1943 (ddr-csujad-2-4)
Letter from Shunichi K. to [F. de Amat] requesting status on his application to be repatriated to Japan with his wife. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0004
Letter from [William] J. Fujimoto, from the stockade, to Mr. [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, February 23, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-92)
doc Letter from [William] J. Fujimoto, from the stockade, to Mr. [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, February 23, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-92)
Describes Fujimoto's imprisonment, for 34 days at the time of writing; Fujimoto states that the cause for his arrest has never been made clear, especially given that he has "never entertained radical ideas" and has been cooperative with authorities, and requests a meeting with Best to review his case. See this object in the California State …
[Minutes of the special meeting of the divisional heads of the Tule Lake Center, January 12, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-33)
doc [Minutes of the special meeting of the divisional heads of the Tule Lake Center, January 12, 1944] (ddr-csujad-2-33)
Meeting minutes of incarceree led Tule Lake Camp government. Discusses plans for incarcerees to go back to work toward the end of the martial law period in the camp, a hunger strike, and the official formation of the Co-ordinating Committee. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0033
Report on incarcerees stealing plasterboard (ddr-csujad-2-51)
doc Report on incarcerees stealing plasterboard (ddr-csujad-2-51)
Report on three incarcerees accused of stealing plasterboard at Tule Lake Incarceration Camp in order to make closets in their apartments. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0051
Report on Jerome to Tule Lake transfer George Kuratomi (ddr-csujad-2-46)
doc Report on Jerome to Tule Lake transfer George Kuratomi (ddr-csujad-2-46)
Detailed informational report about George Kuratomi, an incarceree transfer to Tule Lake Camp from Jerome Camp due to questions about his loyalty to the United States and his activities within the Buddhist repatriate group at Jerome Camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0046
Letter from D. [Dillon] S. Myer, Director, to Mr. Ray [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, May 20, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-70)
doc Letter from D. [Dillon] S. Myer, Director, to Mr. Ray [Raymond R.] Best, Project Director, May 20, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-70)
Regards a report on Project Case A-306 from the Internal Security Division at Tule Lake, dealing with an individual's infraction of project regulations; the subsequent decision of members of the police force to hold people in the stockade for longer than had been planned in response; the authority of the Project Director rather than police to …
Letter from Ernest M. Kozuma to Ramond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, February 21, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-9)
doc Letter from Ernest M. Kozuma to Ramond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, February 21, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-9)
Detailed letter from Ernest Kozuma to Raymond Best, Director of Tule Lake Camp, explaining his character and request for his release from the army stockades at Tule Lake Camp. Includes descriptions of his activities in the incarceree-led government at Tule Lake, and mention of the Tule Lake Farm Strike. See this object in the California State …
Anonymous letter post marked February 2, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-99)
doc Anonymous letter post marked February 2, 1944 (ddr-csujad-2-99)
Provides several quoted statements regarding the arrest of a Mr. Bingo on February 1 and protesting his innocence; the quotes name three others as agitators for status quo instead. These quotes, which are in English, are presumably a translation of the letter, in Japanese, that accompanies this document. See this object in the California State Universities …
Report on Heart Mountain to Tule Lake transfer Sam Horino, leader of movement to challenge Selective Service for incarcerated Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-2-45)
doc Report on Heart Mountain to Tule Lake transfer Sam Horino, leader of movement to challenge Selective Service for incarcerated Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-2-45)
Informational report to Willard Schmidt about Sam Horino, an incarceree transferred from Heart Mountain Camp to Tule Lake Camp. Horino was accused of protesting the Selective Service program for incarcerated Japanese Americans and creating bulletins he posted throughout Heart Mountain Camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0045
[Report on Manzanar strike/riot] (ddr-csujad-2-52)
doc [Report on Manzanar strike/riot] (ddr-csujad-2-52)
Report on the Manzanar riot/strike. Includes population and demographic breakdowns, a description of the events and possible ways the dissidents planned the event. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0052
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