Segregation and Tule Lake

In July 1943, Tule Lake concentration camp was designated as a segregation center for those the camp authorities considered "disloyal" as a result of their answers on the mandatory "loyalty questionnaire." In September 1943, "loyal" Japanese Americans from Tule Lake began departing for other camps and "disloyal" Japanese Americans from other camps started arriving at Tule Lake. The number of guards increased from a few hundred to 930 and an eight-foot high double fence was erected. The camp's capacity was 15,000 but the peak population reached 18,789 as 6,249 original "loyal" Japaense Americans chose to stay rather than be uprooted again.

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)
Segregation and Tule Lake (249)

Filters

Facilities

Format

Genre

Usage

Use <Ctrl> or (⌘) keys to select multiple terms

Gallery view
List view

249 items

doc Letter from Joseph W. Stilwell, General, U.S. Army, to Lt. Frank S. Okusako, November 15, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-236)

Correspondence from Joseph Stilwell to Frank Okusako regarding the case of Okusako's family. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0238

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-236/

doc Memo from A.M. Tollefson, Colonel, CMP, Director, Prisoner of War Operations Division to CG US Army Forces, October 23, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-231)

Memorandum of understanding from A. M. Tollefson to CG US Army Forces regarding relocation of enemy aliens to Hawaii. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0233

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-231/

doc Letter from Raymond R. Best, Project Director, Tule Lake Project, to Lt. Frank S. Okusako, October 19, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-232)

Correspondence from Raymond R. Best to Frank Okusako regarding the status of his family members at the Tule Lake incarceration camp including records of their conduct and renunciation of citizenship. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0234

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-232/

doc Letter from Raymond R. Best, Project Director, Tule Lake Center, to Takaichi Tsukamoto, August 26, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-1291)

Correspondence from Raymond R. Best to Takaichi Tsukamoto regarding segregation at Tule Lake. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1293

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1291/

doc Segregation of evacuees (ddr-csujad-55-333)

Report on the segregation of incarcerated individuals at Tule Lake incarceration camp. Includes a description of the segregated population at Tule Lake. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0335

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-333/

doc Advance release (Office of War Information), OWI-2712 (November 1, 1943) (ddr-csujad-55-1908)

Press release regarding the purpose and process of segregation at Tule Lake, movement of segregants between WRA Centers, security at Tule Lake, unrest among incarcerees, strike and violence, interventions by the administration, and international press. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1911

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1908/

doc Letter from Frank S. Okusako, 1st Lt., Infantry, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-233)

Statement by Frank Okusako describing his family's loyalty to the United States, his upbringing in Auburn, California, service in the United States Army, and arguing for his family's release from Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0235

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-233/

doc Tule Lake: at this segregation center are 18,000 Japanese considered disloyal to U.S. (ddr-csujad-55-2502)

Pictorial report published in "Life Magazine" detailing life and living conditions in Tule Lake incarceration camp. Covers segregation, facilities, co-ops, administration, and daily life in the incarceration camp.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2502/

doc Segregation of persons of Japanese ancestry in relocation centers (ddr-csujad-55-367)

Pamphlet covering the War Relocation Authority's segregation program at Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0369

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-367/

doc Letter from Ivan Williams, Officer in Charge, United States Department of Justice to Sadae Hirota, October 6, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-1902)

Notice to Sadaye [Sadae] Hirota ordering her "internment" at the Tule Lake Segregation Center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1905

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1902/

doc Letter from Ivan Williams, Officer in Charge, United States Department of Justice to Sadae Hirota, March 1, 1946 (ddr-csujad-55-1899)

Correspondence from Ivan Williams to Sadaye [Sadae] Hirota regarding her release from Tule Lake Segregation Center. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1902

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1899/

doc Memo from V.R. Miller, Colonel, Infantry, Commanding, to the Adjutant General, War Department, Washington 25, D.C., September 6, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-230)

Memorandum of understanding from V. R. Miller regarding Frank Okusako's request for relocation of his family from the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0232

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-230/

doc Complaint, War Relocation Authority vs. Ray Ishibashi (ddr-csujad-55-248)

Complaint regarding Ray Ishibashi's refusal to register at Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0250

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-248/

doc Semi-annual report, January 1 to June 30, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-1654)

Report covering the "relocation program," leave clearance, nisei and the armed forces, closing of Jerome incarceration camp, Tule Lake incident, segregation movements to Tule Lake, Spanish Consular visits, community government, business enterprises, welfare, education, community activities, legal, evacuee property, health and sanitation, fire protection, internal security, military police, agriculture, industries, motor transport and maintenance, construction and …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1654/

Memo from Frank S. Okusako, 1st Lt, Infantry, Company H, 442d Infantry to Commanding General, Western Defense Command, Presidio of San Francisco, California (Thru Channels), August 30, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-229)

doc Memo from Frank S. Okusako, 1st Lt, Infantry, Company H, 442d Infantry to Commanding General, Western Defense Command, Presidio of San Francisco, California (Thru Channels), August 30, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-229)

Memorandum of understanding from Frank S. Okusako to Commanding General, Western Defense Command regarding relocation of Okusako's family from the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0231

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-229/

doc Letter from Tom Clark, Attorney General, to General Mark W. Clark, December 10, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-235)

Correspondence from Tom Clark to Mark Clark regarding the case of Frank Okusako's family. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0237

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-235/

vh Nancy Kyoko Oda Segment 3 (ddr-densho-1000-463-3)

Family's wartime story: parents in Poston, Colorado, then father was transferred to Tule Lake and held in the stockade

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-463-3/

vh Sumiko M. Yamamoto Interview Segment 18 (ddr-densho-1000-269-18)

Joining the Joshidan, participating in morning exercises

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-269-18/

vh George Nakano Interview I Segment 8 (ddr-densho-1000-359-8)

Father's participation in the Hoshidan at Tule Lake

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-359-8/