Concentration camps

The War Relocation Authority (WRA) oversaw construction of ten concentration camps in sparsely populated and isolated areas. Between June and October 1942, Japanese Americans were transferred from the "assembly centers" to the larger camps. Housing approximately 120,000 people, the camps were designed to be self-contained communities, complete with hospitals, post offices, schools, warehouses, and residential areas. The WRA attempted to establish normalcy by setting up newspapers, a degree of self-government, sports leagues, and social events. But confinement, monotony, and harsh conditions exacerbated tensions between pro- and anti-camp administration residents and between the disempowered Issei and their U.S.-born Nisei children. At several centers, conflicts erupted into violence and at the Manzanar concentration camp the unrest resulted in fatal shootings. The WRA gradually granted work and school leave to those they considered "loyal." The last camp closed in March 1946.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Concentration Camps, U.S.A. (book), Gila River, Heart Mountain, Jerome, Manzanar, Minidoka, Poston (Colorado River), Psychological effects of camp, Rohwer, Sites of incarceration, Topaz, Tule Lake

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1434 items
Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, December 10, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-65)
doc Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, December 10, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-65)
Handwritten correspondence from Minnie Umeda to Margaret Waegell. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00069
Camp layout overlaid on aerial (ddr-csujad-55-2475)
img Camp layout overlaid on aerial (ddr-csujad-55-2475)
Boundary of the Tule Lake incarceration camp overlaid on an aerial photograph of the camp and surrounding area in Modoc County, California. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2581
Letter from Tom Yamamoto to Mr. and Mrs. Waegell, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-51)
doc Letter from Tom Yamamoto to Mr. and Mrs. Waegell, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-51)
Handwritten correspondence from Tom Yamamoto to the Waegells describing his current situation, future plans, and the status of incarcerees in the Los Angeles area. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00055
Order of Merit of the Tule Lake W.R.A. Project membership card (ddr-csujad-55-2417)
doc Order of Merit of the Tule Lake W.R.A. Project membership card (ddr-csujad-55-2417)
Card for George Hideo Nakamura regarding his recognition in the Order of Merit at Tule Lake incarceration camp. See also sac_jaac_2523. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2523
DPA Series: Relocation of Japanese-Americans (ddr-csujad-55-2456)
doc DPA Series: Relocation of Japanese-Americans (ddr-csujad-55-2456)
Clipping from the Documentary Photo Aid series depicting a Nisei serviceman visiting his parents in the Minidoka incarceration camp. Includes text describing the service of Nisei in the armed forces during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2562
Tulelake reunion, May 24-27, 1985 (ddr-csujad-55-2707)
doc Tulelake reunion, May 24-27, 1985 (ddr-csujad-55-2707)
Pamphlet of the Tule Lake reunion, 1985 in Sacramento, California. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2871
Order of Merit of the Tule Lake W.R.A. Project membership card (ddr-csujad-55-215)
doc Order of Merit of the Tule Lake W.R.A. Project membership card (ddr-csujad-55-215)
Membership card for Aie Yokota in the Order of Merit. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0217
One thousandth of the Nation: an address by Dillion S. Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority (ddr-csujad-55-1645)
doc One thousandth of the Nation: an address by Dillion S. Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority (ddr-csujad-55-1645)
Transcription of a speech by Dillon Myer to civic organizations in Salt Lake City, Utah, regarding the history and activities of the War Relocation Authority, the "relocation program," incarceration camps, Nisei in military service, and current state of the "relocation program." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1647
Japanese-Americans in relocation centers (ddr-csujad-55-346)
doc Japanese-Americans in relocation centers (ddr-csujad-55-346)
Description of the removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. Covers "voluntary evacuation", construction of incarceration camps, camp food, medical services, schools, jobs, and indefinite leave permits and policy. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0348
Amache remembered 1942-1945 (ddr-csujad-55-2695)
doc Amache remembered 1942-1945 (ddr-csujad-55-2695)
Pamphlet listing Amache memorial dedication schedule and the program of Amache reunion banquet/dance at Regency Hotel in Denver, Colorado, and historical photographs of the Granda (Amache) incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2859
Story of the Nittas (ddr-csujad-55-342)
doc Story of the Nittas (ddr-csujad-55-342)
Pamphlet on the story of the Nitta family during World War II. Covers the Nitta's "evacuation", incarceration at Poston, and "resettlement." From verso, "Reprinted from NOW, through co-operation with the Congregational Committee on Christian Democracy from original manuscript supplied by the Reports Division of the War Relocation Authority, Los Angeles, July, 1945." See this object in …
Tule Lake reunion '98 (ddr-csujad-55-2720)
doc Tule Lake reunion '98 (ddr-csujad-55-2720)
Pamphlet of the 1998 Tule Lake reunion held at Doubletree Hotel, Sacramento, California, May 15-17, 1998. The pamphlet includes historical photographs of the Tule Lake camp during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2884
War-time experiences (ddr-csujad-55-2385)
doc War-time experiences (ddr-csujad-55-2385)
Narrative essay describing Hatsuye Nakamura's experience as an individual of Japanese ancestry living in California during the events of World War II. Nakamura describes the evacuation orders and their impact on the community, her experience at Tule Lake and Granada incarceration camps, relocation to Chicago, and eventual return to Marysville, California. See also the narrative essay …
Balance sheet of Japanese evacuation: untruths about Japanese-Americans our two Japanese-American policies are the evacuees being coddled?: what race-baiting costs America (ddr-csujad-55-355)
doc Balance sheet of Japanese evacuation: untruths about Japanese-Americans our two Japanese-American policies are the evacuees being coddled?: what race-baiting costs America (ddr-csujad-55-355)
Pamphlet reporting on and critiquing common misconceptions about Japanese Americans, the incarceration, government policy, and the War Relocation Authority. Reprinted from the Christian Century August 18 and 25, and September 1 and 8, 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0357
Return receipt, Form 8811 rev. 1-4-40, George Hideo Nakamura (ddr-csujad-55-2448)
doc Return receipt, Form 8811 rev. 1-4-40, George Hideo Nakamura (ddr-csujad-55-2448)
Return Receipt from the Post Office Department for George Hideo Nakamura. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2554
Semi-annual report, January 1 to June 30, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-1654)
doc Semi-annual report, January 1 to June 30, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-1654)
Report covering the "relocation program," leave clearance, nisei and the armed forces, closing of Jerome incarceration camp, Tule Lake incident, segregation movements to Tule Lake, Spanish Consular visits, community government, business enterprises, welfare, education, community activities, legal, evacuee property, health and sanitation, fire protection, internal security, military police, agriculture, industries, motor transport and maintenance, construction and …
Agriculture Committee (ddr-csujad-55-385)
doc Agriculture Committee (ddr-csujad-55-385)
Roster of members of the Heart Mountain Agriculture Committee. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0387
Democracy and Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-55-344)
doc Democracy and Japanese Americans (ddr-csujad-55-344)
Pamphlet describing "evacuation", incarceration, court cases including Wakayama, Korematsu, Yasui, Hirabayashi, and Kanai, and the civil liberties issues surrounding the treatment of individuals of Japanese descent during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0346
Issei, Nisei, Kibei (ddr-csujad-55-340)
doc Issei, Nisei, Kibei (ddr-csujad-55-340)
Pamphlet covering evacuation, incarceration, loyalty of the Japanese American population, plans for "resettlement", a program to prevent further discrimination, and details on the Hirabayashi case. Includes photographs. Reprinted as "Outcasts! The Story of America's Treatment of Her Japanese-American Minority." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0342
Poston II reunion registration Monterey Sept. 29, 30, Oct. 1, 1989 (ddr-csujad-55-1874)
doc Poston II reunion registration Monterey Sept. 29, 30, Oct. 1, 1989 (ddr-csujad-55-1874)
List of registrants for the Poston II reunion in Monterey, California. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1877
Invitation to art exhibition at Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-55-134)
doc Invitation to art exhibition at Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-55-134)
Invitation to an open house and art exhibition at Tule Lake incarceration camp featuring watercolors by Cleone Norman and pencil drawings by Chiye Kuroiwa. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0136
On wings of forgiveness (ddr-csujad-55-261)
doc On wings of forgiveness (ddr-csujad-55-261)
Article published in Reader's Digest describing Yuzuru John Takeshita's experience in the Tule Lake incarceration camp, his teacher Margaret Gunderson, and post-incarceration events. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0263
News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 19, December, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-761)
doc News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 19, December, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-761)
Collection of newspaper clippings covering Japanese Americans during World War II. Topics include incarceration camps, Japanese American soldiers, race, prejudice, work, and other commentary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0763
Sociology essay (ddr-csujad-55-1919)
doc Sociology essay (ddr-csujad-55-1919)
Sociology essay written by Toshie Sato for a class assignment at Tri-State High School at Tule Lake incarceration camp. Covers the author's home town environment, impacts of evacuation on the community, and other social issues. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1922
Amache WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2484)
img Amache WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2484)
Topographic map of the Amache incarceration camp and surrounding area in Prowers County, Colorado. Includes camp data and statistics. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2590
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