Concentration camps

The War Relocation Authority (WRA) oversaw construction of ten concentration camps in sparsely populated and isolated areas. Between June and October 1942, Japanese Americans were transferred from the "assembly centers" to the larger camps. Housing approximately 120,000 people, the camps were designed to be self-contained communities, complete with hospitals, post offices, schools, warehouses, and residential areas. The WRA attempted to establish normalcy by setting up newspapers, a degree of self-government, sports leagues, and social events. But confinement, monotony, and harsh conditions exacerbated tensions between pro- and anti-camp administration residents and between the disempowered Issei and their U.S.-born Nisei children. At several centers, conflicts erupted into violence and at the Manzanar concentration camp the unrest resulted in fatal shootings. The WRA gradually granted work and school leave to those they considered "loyal." The last camp closed in March 1946.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Concentration Camps, U.S.A. (book), Gila River, Heart Mountain, Jerome, Manzanar, Minidoka, Poston (Colorado River), Psychological effects of camp, Rohwer, Sites of incarceration, Topaz, Tule Lake

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1434 items
Day of remembrance 1990: a promise fulfilled (ddr-csujad-55-2691)
doc Day of remembrance 1990: a promise fulfilled (ddr-csujad-55-2691)
Pamphlet of 1990 day of remembrance sponsored by Japanese American Citizens' League. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2855
Tule Lake interlude (ddr-csujad-55-368)
doc Tule Lake interlude (ddr-csujad-55-368)
Pamphlet commemorating the first anniversary of Tule Lake incarceration camp. Includes articles on "various aspects of evacuee life as experienced by the nisei" during 1942-1943. Includes essays, poetry, and illustrations by incarcerees, primarily covering daily life at Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0370
Manzanar WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2487)
img Manzanar WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2487)
Map of Inyo County, California and the site of Manzanar incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2593
Sacramento County dedication ceremony program (ddr-csujad-55-158)
doc Sacramento County dedication ceremony program (ddr-csujad-55-158)
Dedication ceremony for the Sacramento County memorial recognizing the injustices towards Japanese Americans during World War II. Includes schedule of ceremony events, description of the memorial, biographies of ceramic artist Yoshio Taylor and poet and playwright Hiroshi Kashiwagi. Includes the poem, "Japanese Americans (1942-1945)" by Kashiwagi. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American …
Evacuation of the Japanese from the west coast during World War II: A social injustice or a justifiable wartime precaution? (ddr-csujad-55-2038)
doc Evacuation of the Japanese from the west coast during World War II: A social injustice or a justifiable wartime precaution? (ddr-csujad-55-2038)
Essay written for an English class covering Japanese immigration to the west coast, occupations of Japanese immigrants, discrimination, culture and customs, education, reaction to Pearl Harbor among the Japanese community, "evacuation," life in incarceration camps, Nisei in the armed forces, leaving camp, laws, and the settlement of Nisei in the Midwest and east coast. See this …
Letter from Akio ___ to Mrs. Margaret Gunderson, July 15, 1946 (ddr-csujad-55-252)
doc Letter from Akio ___ to Mrs. Margaret Gunderson, July 15, 1946 (ddr-csujad-55-252)
Correspondence from Akio to Margaret Gunderson. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0254
Letter from Leo Uchida to Mr. James Waegell, July 10, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-2334)
doc Letter from Leo Uchida to Mr. James Waegell, July 10, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-2334)
Correspondence from Leo Uchida to James Waegell regarding the draft process for Japanese American incarcerees during World War II, discrimination against Japanese Americans, and life at Manzanar incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2440
Return receipt, Form 8811 rev. 1-4-40, George Hideo Nakamura (ddr-csujad-55-2447)
doc Return receipt, Form 8811 rev. 1-4-40, George Hideo Nakamura (ddr-csujad-55-2447)
Return Receipt from the Post Office Department for George Hideo Nakamura. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2553
Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Mary Tsukamoto, November 24, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-35)
doc Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Mary Tsukamoto, November 24, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-35)
Typed correspondence from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mary Tsukamoto thanking her for her letter and inquiring about her future plans. Signed by Eleanor Roosevelt. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00038
Letter from R.E. Tracy, Supervisor, Sacramento-San Joaquin Area, to George H. Nakamura, May 15, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-2429)
doc Letter from R.E. Tracy, Supervisor, Sacramento-San Joaquin Area, to George H. Nakamura, May 15, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-2429)
Correspondence from R.E. Tracy to George Hideo Nakamura regarding a Government Bill of Lading. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2535
Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mr. Waegell, November 30, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-64)
doc Letter from Minnie Umeda to Mr. Waegell, November 30, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-64)
Handwritten correspondence from Minnie Umeda to probably Mr. Waegell. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00068
Mensaje Para Camara de Representantes Japonesa de Subditos Japoneses on Estados Unidos (ddr-csujad-55-879)
doc Mensaje Para Camara de Representantes Japonesa de Subditos Japoneses on Estados Unidos (ddr-csujad-55-879)
Correspondence from Japanese nationals at Heart Mountain incarceration camp to the Japanese government (via the Spanish Ambassador to the United States). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0881
Jerome WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2490)
img Jerome WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2490)
Map of Chicot and Drew Counties and the site of the Jerome incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2596
Letter from Ruth Takagi to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, January 8, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-72)
doc Letter from Ruth Takagi to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, January 8, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-72)
Handwritten correspondence from Ruth Takagi to Margaret Waegell thanking Waegell for a gift and discussing Takagi's family, activities, and work. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00076
Steam plant (ddr-csujad-55-2635)
img Steam plant (ddr-csujad-55-2635)
A photograph of steam plant at the Jerome camp, Denson, Arkansas, 1943. Title from caption. See also sac_jaac_2808 for envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2799
Poston II reunion (ddr-csujad-55-2693)
doc Poston II reunion (ddr-csujad-55-2693)
Post reunion held at the Sacramento Inn, Sacramento, California, August 19-21, 1983. The pamphlet includes historical information about the Poston incarceration camp along with photographs. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2857
Tulelake Linkville Cemetery memorial service and dedication (ddr-csujad-55-160)
doc Tulelake Linkville Cemetery memorial service and dedication (ddr-csujad-55-160)
Program for the Tule Lake Linkville Cemetery memorial service and dedication. Includes history of Tule Lake incarceration camp, background on the Linkville cemetery memorial project, acknowledgements, and project committee. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0162
Heart Mountain WRA Relocation Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2489)
img Heart Mountain WRA Relocation Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2489)
Map of Heart Mountain incarceration camp including the surrounding area and block layout in Park County, Wyoming. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2595
Tule Lake WRA Center (ddr-csujad-55-2474)
img Tule Lake WRA Center (ddr-csujad-55-2474)
Aerial photographic map indicating the area boundary of the Tule Lake incarceration camp in Modoc County, California. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2580
News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 29, March, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-763)
doc News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 29, March, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-763)
Collection of newspaper clippings covering Japanese Americans during World War II. Topics include incarceration camps, Japanese American soldiers, race, prejudice, work, and other commentary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0765
Campus affairs; America at war (ddr-csujad-55-2516)
doc Campus affairs; America at war (ddr-csujad-55-2516)
Two pages from an issue of the Pony Express vol. 35, no. 12 (December 12, 1941), "America's first college magazine." Clipping includes articles on the war, Japanese Americans in college, and singer Fumiko Yabe. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2622
Manzanar WRA Project (ddr-csujad-55-2488)
img Manzanar WRA Project (ddr-csujad-55-2488)
Topographic map of the area surrounding Manzanar incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2594
Block managers' policies (ddr-csujad-55-392)
doc Block managers' policies (ddr-csujad-55-392)
List of responsibilities for Block Managers at Heart Mountain incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0394
Postcard from U.S. Department of Justice to George Hideo Nakamura, July 5, 1950 (ddr-csujad-55-2449)
doc Postcard from U.S. Department of Justice to George Hideo Nakamura, July 5, 1950 (ddr-csujad-55-2449)
Card acknowledging receipt of George Hideo Nakamura's claim under Public Law 886 for losses incurred as part of incarceration during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2555
Letter from Herman P. Goebel, Jr., Captain, Cavalry, Adjutant, to Mrs. George Nakamura, May 1, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-2387)
doc Letter from Herman P. Goebel, Jr., Captain, Cavalry, Adjutant, to Mrs. George Nakamura, May 1, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-2387)
Correspondence from Herman Goebel to Dorothy Nakamura regarding Nakamura's inquiry about the eligibility of her mixed-race family to be released from the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2493
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