Concentration camps

The War Relocation Authority (WRA) oversaw construction of ten concentration camps in sparsely populated and isolated areas. Between June and October 1942, Japanese Americans were transferred from the "assembly centers" to the larger camps. Housing approximately 120,000 people, the camps were designed to be self-contained communities, complete with hospitals, post offices, schools, warehouses, and residential areas. The WRA attempted to establish normalcy by setting up newspapers, a degree of self-government, sports leagues, and social events. But confinement, monotony, and harsh conditions exacerbated tensions between pro- and anti-camp administration residents and between the disempowered Issei and their U.S.-born Nisei children. At several centers, conflicts erupted into violence and at the Manzanar concentration camp the unrest resulted in fatal shootings. The WRA gradually granted work and school leave to those they considered "loyal." The last camp closed in March 1946.

World War II (231)
Concentration camps (1434)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Concentration Camps, U.S.A. (book), Gila River, Heart Mountain, Jerome, Manzanar, Minidoka, Poston (Colorado River), Psychological effects of camp, Rohwer, Sites of incarceration, Topaz, Tule Lake

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1434 items
Recollection of barbed wire (ddr-csujad-55-2525)
doc Recollection of barbed wire (ddr-csujad-55-2525)
Newspaper clipping published in an unknown source covering the reflections of Kathryn J. Cook on her experience as a Caucasian American working in Jerome incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2632
Aerial view of Amache incarceration camp (ddr-csujad-55-1584)
img Aerial view of Amache incarceration camp (ddr-csujad-55-1584)
Black and white photograph depicting an aerial view of Amache incarceration camp. From the Amache Co-op Souvenir Album, page 36. See also sac_jaac_1530. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1586
Administrative instruction (United States. War Relocation Authority), no. 34 (August 24, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-764)
doc Administrative instruction (United States. War Relocation Authority), no. 34 (August 24, 1942) (ddr-csujad-55-764)
Instructional document covering "Community evacuee government." Includes: I. Temporary community government; II. Creation of community evacuee government; III. Qualifications for voting and holding office; Functions of community council; Judicial commission; and Limitations. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0766
Poston II reunion roster, Octover 4, 5, 6, 1992, Laughlin, AZ (ddr-csujad-55-1875)
doc Poston II reunion roster, Octover 4, 5, 6, 1992, Laughlin, AZ (ddr-csujad-55-1875)
List of registrants for the Poston II reunion in Laughlin, Arizona. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1878
Tule Lake Relocation Center (ddr-csujad-55-2478)
doc Tule Lake Relocation Center (ddr-csujad-55-2478)
Information about the numbering system for barracks at the Tule Lake incarceration camp. Includes statistics and brief history of the camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2584
Tulelake reunion III 1988 memory booklet (ddr-csujad-55-2717)
doc Tulelake reunion III 1988 memory booklet (ddr-csujad-55-2717)
Pamphlet of Tule Lake reunion III held at Red Lion Inn, Sacramento, California. Includes current photographs of people who attended the reunion. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2881
Rohwer WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2482)
img Rohwer WRA Camp (ddr-csujad-55-2482)
Map of the surrounding area and camp site of Rohwer incarceration camp in Desha County, Arkansas. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2588
Outcasts!: the story of America's treatment of her Japanese-American minority (ddr-csujad-55-339)
doc Outcasts!: the story of America's treatment of her Japanese-American minority (ddr-csujad-55-339)
Pamphlet covering topics including forced evacuation, incarceration, loyalty of the Japanese American population, plans for "resettlement," a program to prevent further discrimination, and details on the Hirabayashi case. Includes photographs. Originally published in Fortune magazine as "Issei Nisei Kibei." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0341
Letter from E.R. Fryer, Regional Director, War Relocation Authority, to Mrs. George Nakamura, September 8, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-2386)
doc Letter from E.R. Fryer, Regional Director, War Relocation Authority, to Mrs. George Nakamura, September 8, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-2386)
Correspondence from E.R. Fryer to Dorothy Nakamura regarding the eligibility of Nakamura's mixed-race family to be released from the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2492
Location map of WRA projects (ddr-csujad-55-2494)
img Location map of WRA projects (ddr-csujad-55-2494)
Partial map of the United States indicating the location of Tule Lake, Minidoka, Heart Mountain, Topaz, and Manzanar incarceration camps. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2600
News clippings, February-March, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-966)
doc News clippings, February-March, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-966)
Collection of newspaper clippings covering Japanese Americans during World War II. Topics include incarceration camps, Japanese American soldiers, race, prejudice, work, "resettlement," and other commentary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0968
Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-55-2705)
doc Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-55-2705)
The pamphlet includes a brief description of Tule Lake camp and the program for Tule Lake plaque dedication ceremony held on May 27, 1979. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2869
East wooded area (ddr-csujad-55-2637)
img East wooded area (ddr-csujad-55-2637)
A photograph of east wooded area at the Jerome camp, Denson, Arkansas, 1943. Title from caption. See also sac_jaac_2808 for envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2801
Relocation of persons of Japanese ancestry in the United States: some causes and effects (ddr-csujad-55-338)
doc Relocation of persons of Japanese ancestry in the United States: some causes and effects (ddr-csujad-55-338)
Article describing the political and sociological implications of the Japanese incarceration during World War II written from the perspective of an anthropologist. Reprinted from Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0340
Japanese American internment in World War II--the issue of redress IPO158 (ddr-csujad-55-157)
doc Japanese American internment in World War II--the issue of redress IPO158 (ddr-csujad-55-157)
Packet of information prepared by the Library of Congress in order to provide basic information on the "World War II internment, the Commission, its findings, and pro/con material on the complex issue of redress." Includes an analysis of, "the internment of German and Italian Aliens Compared with the Internment of Japanese Aliens in the United States …
Heart Mountain administrative officers (ddr-csujad-55-265)
doc Heart Mountain administrative officers (ddr-csujad-55-265)
List of administrative officers at Heart Mountain incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0267
Letter from Hideko Wakita to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, December 10, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-74)
doc Letter from Hideko Wakita to Mrs. Margaret Waegell, December 10, 1942 (ddr-csujad-55-74)
Handwritten correspondence from Hideko Wakita to Margaret Waegell. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_00078
Letter from Leo Uchida to James Waegell, Jack, and George, May 22, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-2336)
doc Letter from Leo Uchida to James Waegell, Jack, and George, May 22, 1944 (ddr-csujad-55-2336)
Correspondence from Leo Uchida to Jim [James Waegell], Jack, and George regarding Uchida's life and schooling at Manzanar incarceration camp during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2442
Tulelake reunion III (ddr-csujad-55-2709)
doc Tulelake reunion III (ddr-csujad-55-2709)
Pamphlet of Tule Lake reunion III held at Sacramento, California, May 27-30, 1988. Includes historical photographs of people incarcerated at Tule Lake camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2873
Letter and map from Shoji Nagumo to Mrs. Cleke, July 23, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-888)
doc Letter and map from Shoji Nagumo to Mrs. Cleke, July 23, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-888)
Correspondence from Shoji Nagumo to Mrs. Cleke. Includes a list of Takanori Tsuchiyama's personal belongings and a hand-drawn floor plan of a house. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0890
Woman with cat (ddr-csujad-55-2273)
img Woman with cat (ddr-csujad-55-2273)
Black and white photograph depicting a woman holding a cat. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2378
News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 18, November-December, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-760)
doc News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 18, November-December, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-760)
Collection of newspaper clippings covering Japanese Americans during World War II. Topics include incarceration camps, Japanese American soldiers, race, prejudice, work, and other commentary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0762
Official program Poston: memorial monument dedication (ddr-csujad-55-2703)
doc Official program Poston: memorial monument dedication (ddr-csujad-55-2703)
The program provides a history of the Poston incarceration camp. Includes photographs of the Poston camp and Poston memorial monument. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2867
Displaced Japanese-Americans (ddr-csujad-55-335)
doc Displaced Japanese-Americans (ddr-csujad-55-335)
The text of this pamphlet originally appeared in Fortune magazine, April, 1944, under the title of 'Issei, Nisei, and Kibei.' See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0337
Outline of parliamentary law (ddr-csujad-55-765)
doc Outline of parliamentary law (ddr-csujad-55-765)
Outline of Parliamentary Law including: Established rules and customs; Motions; Resolutions; Amendments; Method of voting; Method of nominations and elections; Committees; To adjourn. See also sac_jaac_0973. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0767
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