Responses of non-Japanese Americans

The reactions of non-Japanese friends, neighbors and classmates were mixed. Some turned their heads and refused to recognize their former friends. Others believed the government propaganda and became outright hostile. Still others helped their Japanese American neighbors by storing belongings and driving them to the places where they were to be picked up. Perhaps only a handful of people understood the true implications of the course of events.

World War II (231)
Pearl Harbor and aftermath (247)
Responses of non-Japanese Americans (166)

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doc Interpreter Releases Vol. XVIII No. 57 Series C: The Foreign Born in U.S.A., No. 13 (ddr-densho-356-838)

Summery of and full text of President Franklin Roosevelt's Proclamation regarding citizens of Japan in the United States. Summery produced by Common Council for American Unity.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-838/

doc Written statement by Mike Masoka on problems facing Japanese Americans for the Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies (ddr-densho-356-762)

A written statement by Mike Masaoka on problems facing Japanese Americans for the Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies. Issues include: decrees in patronage to Japanese owned business, cancelation of insurance polices for Japanese Americans, increased violence towards Japanese Americans, conflicting information regarding state and federal orders being provided to the community, inability to travel, and inability …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-762/

doc Meeting Minutes from Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies meeting on February 13, 1942 (ddr-densho-356-766)

Meeting Minutes from Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies meeting on February 13, 1942. Topics covered in the meeting include: reading correspondence regarding Japanese Americans, discussion about forming an office for gathering information about evacuation, and various types of social assistance to Japanese Americans.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-766/

doc Meeting Minutes from Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies meeting on December 11, 1941 (ddr-densho-356-758)

Meeting Minutes from Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies meeting on December 11, 1941. Special meeting called to discuss five major problems facing Japanese Americans since the declaration of war. The five issues are: finance, transportation, unemployment, education, and child care.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-758/

doc Meeting Minutes from Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies meeting on December 23, 1941 (ddr-densho-356-760)

Meeting Minutes from Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies meeting on December 23, 1941. Topics covered in the meeting include: reopening of closed businesses, bank withdrawals, other committees working to address similar problems, travel of Japanese clergymen, stranded Japanese fishermen, fear of travel for Nisei chick sexers, individuals detained by FBI being moved inland, and bullying of …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-760/

doc Case Notes (ddr-densho-356-757)

Handwritten notes about reaching out to local business owner.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-757/

doc Brief Analysis of Problems of Enemy Aliens with particular reference to San Francisco (ddr-densho-356-764)

A report from February 4, 1942 on immigrants of German, Italian, and Japanese descent living in California, the issues these communities are facing due to the war, xenophobia, and racism, and what the Committee of Immigrant Serving Agencies Family Welfare Council can do to support them.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-764/

doc Letter to Clarence R. Walker from Gonkichi Miyagi (ddr-densho-416-34)

Letter to Clarence R. Walker from Gonkichi Miyagi. Gonkichi talks about receiving 125 dollars from Clarence Walker for Clarence having sold something of Gonkichi's. Gonkichi tells Clarence he does not expect to return to California any time soon. Gonkichi talks how he feels about his grandson William Miyagi being drafted into the army while the rest …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-416-34/

doc Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Dr. Harrison R. Anderson (ddr-densho-446-19)

ACS sends a thank you to all of the Fourth Presbyterian Committee members. The Japanese Christian services will start on 24 May and ACS will take responsibility. ACS requests prayers.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-19/

doc Letter from Robert Cashman to Alderman P.H. Douglas (ddr-densho-446-71)

Letter to Alderman Douglas with introduction for Ai Chih Tsai with request for counsel regarding Tsai's status following Pearl Harbor

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-71/

doc Letter from Robert Cashman to whom it may concern (ddr-densho-446-72)

Letter to certify that Ai Chih Tsai, Japanese citizen of Formosa, resides in Chicago Theological Seminary dorm, is registered as a CTS student, has been the minister of the Chicago Japanese Christian Church for 2 years, is a graduate of Doshisha University, and Cashman can vouch for Tsai's character

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-72/

doc Letter from John Mulder to Ai Chih Tsai (ddr-densho-446-17)

Fourth Presbyterian Committee voted unanimously to allow Japanese Church of Christ to meet in the John Timothy Stone Chapel at the Fourth Presbyterian Church every Sunday from 2-3:30 pm starting May 23. Committee's recommendation will go to the church session on May 20, 1942, for action. Muldur invites Tsai to attend with another church leader. Fourth …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-17/

doc Letter from Albert W. Palmer to Ai Chih Tsai (ddr-densho-446-13)

Church of Christ (Japanese) services were discontinued after Pearl Harbor in Dec 1941. But, Police Commissioner Allman does not object to the Japanese church resuming services in Japanese. But AWP is concerned about congregants meeting in unfamiliar locations. AWP offers CTS Hilton Chapel for services until 1 July 1942 w/o charge for religious not political purposes.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-13/

doc Letter from John Mulder to Ai Chih Tsai (ddr-densho-446-16)

John Mulder (JM), Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chair of Session Committee, received AWP's request for the Japanese church to meet at 4th Presbyterian Church and requests a meeting with ACS to discuss the matter in person.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-16/

doc Letter from Robert Cashman to Ai Chih Tsai (ddr-densho-446-15)

Letter of apology and reaffirmation of friendship after an apparent conflict between ACS and RC. RC urges ACS to practice self-preservation while U.S. and Japan are at war.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-15/

doc Letter from Albert W. Palmer to US District Attorney Woll (ddr-densho-446-21)

Notification that the Japanese Church of Christ will start meeting again on May 24, 1942. Palmer identifies and vouches for ACS as pastor. Palmer requests that Woll notify FBI.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-21/

doc Letter from John Mulder to Ai Chih Tsai (ddr-densho-446-20)

Confirmation that Japanese Church of Christ will meet at Fourth Presbyterian Church from 2-3:15 pm starting 24 May 1942 in John Timothy Stone Chapel. Six conditions stated. Questions about Sunday School and Bible Study will be discussed in the future.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-20/

doc Letter from Albert W. Palmer to Commissioner Allman (ddr-densho-446-22)

Notification that the Japanese Church of Christ will start meeting again on May 24, 1942. Palmer identifies and vouches for ACS as pastor.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-22/

doc Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to John Mulder (ddr-densho-446-18)

ACS thanks JM for his kindness and requests to attend the Wednesday meeting at Fourth Presbyterian Church

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-18/

img "Japs keep out" sign close-up (ddr-densho-475-293)

Black and white photograph of "JAPS KEEP OUT YOU RATS" sign painted on a door.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-475-293/

img "Japs keep out" sign (ddr-densho-475-292)

Black and white photograph of a barbershop door with "JAPS KEEP OUT YOU RATS" sign painted on the door.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-475-292/

img "Japs keep out" sign close-up (ddr-densho-475-294)

Black and white photograph of "JAPS KEEP OUT YOU RATS" sign painted on a door.

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-475-294/

vh Michiko Frances Chikahisa Interview Segment 14 (ddr-densho-1000-347-14)

The support of the Catholic church after the bombing of Pearl Harbor

This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-347-14/

vh Joe Yamakido Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-1000-167-4)

Being harassed and arrested following the bombing of Pearl Harbor

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-167-4/

vh Hideo Hoshide Interview I Segment 33 (ddr-densho-1000-184-33)

Description of Jimmy Sakamoto; his interaction with mainstream newspaper editors following the bombing of Pearl Harbor

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-184-33/