Expatriation/repatriation/deportation

From 1943 to 1946, over 20,000 Japanese Americans applied to leave the United States for Japan in a process called "repatriation" (for Issei as non-citizens) or "expatriation" (for Nisei as citizens). Some Issei considered repatriation preferable to remaining in a country that had long discriminated against them. For Nisei, who had rarely been to Japan, expatriation meant renouncing their U.S. citizenship. Some were pressured to do so by family members or extremists; others were bitter about their mistreatment by the government. In total, only 4,724 ended up leaving for Japan directly from the camps and many eventually returned to the U.S. Nearly all Nisei who wanted to were able to regain their citizenship, although the process was long and difficult.

World War II (231)
Resistance and dissidence (84)
Expatriation/repatriation/deportation (217)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Joe Kurihara

Filters

Facilities

Format

Genre

Usage

Use <Ctrl> or (⌘) keys to select multiple terms

Gallery view
List view

217 items

doc Letter from Akio Adachi to Sio, October 9, 1951 (ddr-csujad-55-2248)

Correspondence from Aki [Akio Adachi] to Sio [Masako Adachi?] regarding her travel from Japan to the United States, family affairs, and Akio's work. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2351

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2248/

doc Letter from Tetsujiro Nakamura, Tule Lake Defense Committee, to Masako Adachi, January 21, 1949 (ddr-csujad-55-2260)

Correspondence from Tetsujiro Nakamura to Masako Adachi regarding the cancellation of renunciation and restoration of citizenship for plaintiffs and financial issues involved in the cases. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2363

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2260/

doc Request for repatriation: family summary (ddr-csujad-55-186)

Form attached to the Individual Request for Repatriation for those applying to be repatriated as a group. Respondents are required to list the name, relationship, age, sex, and place of birth for family members who also applying for repatriation. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0188

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-186/

doc Notice to persons who renounced American citizenship (ddr-csujad-55-2263)

Notice to Japanese Americans who renounced U.S. citizenship during their incarceration during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2366

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2263/

doc Letter from Wayne M. Collins, Attorney at Law, to Miss Haruye Imahori, January 13, 1950 (ddr-csujad-55-2246)

Correspondence from Wayne Collins to Haruye Imahori regarding individuals who renounced their United States citizenship and repatriated to Japan but wish to return to the United States. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2349

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2246/

Petitions from Temporary Council of Block Chairmen on behalf of the Japanese nationals of Heart Mountain Relocation Project (ddr-csujad-55-878)

doc Petitions from Temporary Council of Block Chairmen on behalf of the Japanese nationals of Heart Mountain Relocation Project (ddr-csujad-55-878)

Petition request for medical supplies, food for those on a special diet, release of non-propaganda Japanese films, clothing allowances, release and shipment of cameras and long-wave radios, increased vegetables, spending money, communication with relatives in Japan, equal treatment as Germans and Italians, and repatriation instructions. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-878/

doc Letter from Robert H. Henrion, Sgt 1C, 24th Inf Div, to American Consular Service, November 18, 1949 (ddr-csujad-55-2255)

Correspondence from Robert H. Henries to American Consular Service regarding a recommendation for Masako Adachi. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2358

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2255/

doc Individual request for repatriation, Form WCCA R-100 (ddr-csujad-55-185)

Form distributed to individuals requesting repatriation. Questions cover the individual's personal description, citizenship, entry into the United States, residence outside of the United States, education, employment, previous residences, and relatives. Form WCCA R-100. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0187

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-185/

doc Declaration of individuals entering or leaving Japan (ddr-csujad-55-2245)

Customs declaration from regarding Masako Adachi's belongings being transported from Japan to the United States. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2348

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2245/

doc Five trainloads aliens leave camp (ddr-csujad-55-1499)

Newspaper clipping regarding repatriation at Crystal City Department of Justice Internment Camp. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, "Before I Forget, 1942-1947," page 136. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1501

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1499/

doc Minutes from the Heart Mountain Block Chairmen meeting, March 2, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-431)

Minutes from the Heart Mountain Block Chairmen meeting. Includes discussion on registration, expatriation, and repatriation. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0433

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-431/

img Japanese repatriation on the Liner Matsonian (ddr-csujad-55-1495)

Scrapbook page containing a black and white photograph of Japanese internees boarding the steam liner, Matsonian, about to be repatriated to Japan. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, "Before I Forget, 1942-1947," page 134. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1497

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1495/

doc Menu from the S.S. President Cleveland (ddr-csujad-55-2253)

Dinner menu served on board the S.S. President Cleveland sailing from Japan to the United States. Cover includes an illustration of Spanish dancers and musicians. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2356

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2253/

doc Memo from Thomas H. Murfin, American Vice Consul, to Masako Adachi, October 11, 1950 (ddr-csujad-55-2256)

Memorandum of understanding from Thomas Murfin to Masako Adachi regarding Adachi's application for a passport. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2359

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2256/

doc Memo from the Foreign Service of the United States of America to Masako Adachi, September 4, 1951 (ddr-csujad-55-2309)

Memorandum of understanding from the Foreign Service of the United States to Masako Adachi regarding her passport and notification of departure from Japan. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2414

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2309/

Memo from J.L. O'Rourke, Officer in Charge, Crystal City Internment Camp, to the Personnel of all Divisions, Crystal City Internment Camp, December 3, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-1498)

doc Memo from J.L. O'Rourke, Officer in Charge, Crystal City Internment Camp, to the Personnel of all Divisions, Crystal City Internment Camp, December 3, 1945 (ddr-csujad-55-1498)

Memorandum of understanding from J.L. O'Rourke to "The Personnel from All Divisions" expressing his appreciation regarding the repatriation process at Crystal City Department of Justice Internment Camp. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, "Before I Forget, 1942-1947," page 136. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1498/

doc Letter from Harold A. Barratt, Depot Manager, to Foreign Service of the United States of America, August 24, 1951 (ddr-csujad-55-2252)

Correspondence from Harold Barratt to Foreign Service of the United States regarding the employment of Masako Adachi. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2355

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2252/

doc Issue slip (ddr-csujad-55-2254)

List of items belonging to Masako Adachi being transported from Japan to the United States. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2357

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2254/

doc To the descendants of George and Masako Okabe (ddr-csujad-55-2311)

Transcription of an oral history interview with George and Masako Okabe regarding their experiences during World War II. Interview covers Pearl Harbor, mass removal, daily life at Tule Lake and Grenada incarceration camps, repatriation to Japan, and return to U.S. Includes Yamazaki's report on the interview for her Sophomore World History class. See this object in …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2311/

doc Letter from Wayne M. Collins, Attorney-at-Law, October 5, 1948 (ddr-csujad-55-2261)

Correspondence and update from attorney Wayne Collins regarding the status of mass equity suits to restore citizenship for Japanese Americans who renounced their U.S. citizenship during their incarceration during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2364

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2261/

doc Minutes from the Heart Mountain Block Chairmen meeting, August 12, 1943 (ddr-csujad-55-436)

Minutes from the Heart Mountain Block Chairmen meeting. Includes questions on expatriation and repatriation. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0438

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-436/

doc Notice and general instructions to Japanese seeking repatriation (ddr-csujad-55-873)

Instructions regarding requests by Japanese citizens for repatriation to Japan. Covers procedures, forms, and requirements for requests. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0875

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-873/

doc Letter from Wayne M. Collins, Attorney-at-Law, to Masako Adachi (ddr-csujad-55-2258)

Correspondence from Wayne Collins to Masako Adachi regarding the cancellation of plaintiff's renunciation of U.S nationality and restore their citizenship. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2361

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2258/

doc Report on renunciation suits (ddr-csujad-55-2249)

Report from attorney Wayne Collins to clients regarding developments in renunciation suits. Covers habeas corpus proceedings, mass equity suits, results achieved by mass suits, alien enemy act, effects of Supreme Court decisions, individual hearings, what renunciants must not do, renunciant plaintiffs in Japan, and conclusions. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization …

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2249/

doc Letter from Masako Adachi to Foreign Service of the U.S. of America, August 29, 1951 (ddr-csujad-55-2251)

Correspondence from Masako Adachi to the United States Foreign Service regarding Adachi's travel and repatriation to the United States. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2354

https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2251/