Immigration and citizenship

Japanese immigrants began arriving in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century when workers were recruited to meet the growing need for low-wage laborers in the Territory of Hawaii and on the West Coast. Commodore Perry had opened Japan to American commerce and trade relations in 1853, but anti-Asian sentiment resulted in the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907, which halted the immigration of workers from Japan. In 1910, the Japanese population was about 80,000 in Hawaii and 72,000 on the continental United States. Japanese women continued to enter the country until the 1924 Immigration Act cut off immigration from Japan to the United States. Most of the early Japanese immigrants, the Issei (first generation), came as contract agricultural laborers, although many others were students and merchants. While Japanese immigrants were prohibited by discriminatory laws from becoming naturalized citizens of the United States, their American-born children (nisei) held U.S. citizenship.

Immigration and citizenship (431)

Related articles from the Densho Encyclopedia :
Immigration, Japanese associations

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431 items
An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-55-1)
vh An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta - Segment 1 (ddr-csujad-29-55-1)
Japanese American congressman, representing the Thirteenth Congressional District of California, born and raised in San Jose, California, discusses his early life, graduation from the University of California, Berkeley, and receiving a commission and serving in the armed forces from 1953-1956. Recalls the removal, "relocation," and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II at the Heart …
Certificate of residence [in Japanese] (ddr-csujad-12-7)
doc Certificate of residence [in Japanese] (ddr-csujad-12-7)
A certified copy of resident register issued by Katsuhiko Asai, Mayor of Yokohama City Naka Ward on April 24, 1959. It records Kanamori family members' permanent domicile, dates of birth, family relationship, dates of becoming resident of Yokohama City Naka Ward. The family members include Tsugitada Kanamori, the head of the household, Kazuko Kanamori, wife, and …
Standard certificate of birth (ddr-csujad-12-21)
doc Standard certificate of birth (ddr-csujad-12-21)
The certified copy of Tsugitada Kanamori's birth certificate issued by the California State Board of Health, the Bureau of Vital Statistics. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: tsu_01_07_002
Family register certification for Tsugitada Kanamori, in Japanese (ddr-csujad-12-23)
doc Family register certification for Tsugitada Kanamori, in Japanese (ddr-csujad-12-23)
The certified copy of Tsugitada Kanamori's family registration in Japan, issued by Ryoitsu Kikuchi, the Mayor of Miyagi Shida-gun Kashimadai. Includes information about his birth date of September 7, 1922, his birth place, the city of Port Hueneme in Oxnard just north of Los Angeles, as well as information about the marriage to his wife, Kazuko …
Certificate of residence [in Japanese] (ddr-csujad-12-8)
doc Certificate of residence [in Japanese] (ddr-csujad-12-8)
A certified copy of resident register issued by Kawanishi Haruumi, Mayor of Yokohama City Naka Ward on August 21, 1959. It records Tsugitada Kanamori and Kazuko Kanamori's present address, permanent domicile, dates of birth, family relationship, dates of becoming resident of Yokohama City Naka Ward. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization …
Copy of census register [English translation] (ddr-csujad-12-22)
doc Copy of census register [English translation] (ddr-csujad-12-22)
English translation of the census information for Tsugitada Kanamori. The original document in Japanese is found in item: csudh_tsu_0023. It includes information about his birth date of September 7, 1922, his birth place, the city of Port Hueneme in Oxnard just north of Los Angeles, as well as information about the marriage to his wife, Kazuko …
Attached answers to affidavit questions (ddr-csujad-12-27)
doc Attached answers to affidavit questions (ddr-csujad-12-27)
This item contains the more in-depth answers to questions on the affidavit that Tsugitada Kanamori submitted. In these extended answers to questions about Kanamori's repatriation to Japan and his refusal to pledge allegiance to the United States, he discusses his fear of violence and desire to keep his family together which resulted in his answering of …
Minority Groups in Hawaii (ddr-csujad-19-48)
doc Minority Groups in Hawaii (ddr-csujad-19-48)
This article from "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science," published in September 1942, by William C. Smith describes about the minority groups in Hawaii, the labor problems and immigration. It also describes in brief about the race relations in Hawaii. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project …
Treatment of Japanese in America; Churches and Enemy Aliens; Japanese- Americans to be resettled (ddr-csujad-19-75)
doc Treatment of Japanese in America; Churches and Enemy Aliens; Japanese- Americans to be resettled (ddr-csujad-19-75)
Contains three articles from "Federal Council bulletin," published in vol. 25, no. 1 (January 1942), no. 3 (March 1942), and no. 8 (October 1943). Titles include "Treatment of Japanese in America," "Churches and Enemy Aliens," and "Japanese- Americans to be resettled." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: WRA_02-24_01
Restricted Citizen (ddr-csujad-19-47)
doc Restricted Citizen (ddr-csujad-19-47)
This article, "The Restricted Citizen," from "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science," by Everett V. Stonequist discusses the difference between democratic constitutional theory and democratic social practice in the treatment of minorities. The article also describes the social structure of the United States and the early process of migration to America. See …
Five Japanese in Sebastopol (ddr-csujad-22-1)
doc Five Japanese in Sebastopol (ddr-csujad-22-1)
Essay written in December 1975 for Dr. Hector Lee's American Folklore class. Researcher interviewed five Japanese Americans: Mr. Kiyoshi Akutagawa, born in 1898; Mr. Hiroshi Taniguchi, born in 1898; Mr. Kichizo Morita, born in 1902; Mr. Y. Ito, born in 1905 and Mr. George Okamoto, born in 1919. This object does not include the paper in …
On Tolerance, newspaper editorial, The Press Democrat, May 27, 1942 (ddr-csujad-23-15)
doc On Tolerance, newspaper editorial, The Press Democrat, May 27, 1942 (ddr-csujad-23-15)
Newspaper editorial dated May 27, 1942, on Sonoma County, California's Japanese evacuation and incarceration. Author offers stance of tolerance and "true democracy." Author is anonymously named "Miss Nineteen." See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp041-01-004
Executive meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, June 11, 1940 (ddr-csujad-44-158)
doc Executive meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, June 11, 1940 (ddr-csujad-44-158)
Minutes of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League executive meeting. Topics discussed include the District Council meeting in Fresno, dual citizenship and expatriation, a benefit talent show organized by the Salinas skeet club, and a proposal for a women's auxiliary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: csumb_ms15_0157
General meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, April 18, 1935 (ddr-csujad-44-66)
doc General meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, April 18, 1935 (ddr-csujad-44-66)
Minutes of the fourth general meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League. Topics discussed include the creation of an advisory board, expatriation and single citizenship, and protests against anti-alien fishing legislation. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: csumb_ms15_0066
General meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, June 14, 1940 (ddr-csujad-44-159)
doc General meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, June 14, 1940 (ddr-csujad-44-159)
Meeting minutes of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League. Discussion topics include the graduation party, the Fresno District Council meeting, a proposal for a women's auxiliary, participation in the Fourth of July parade, and expatriation. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: csumb_ms15_0158
Executive meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, August 1940 (ddr-csujad-44-164)
doc Executive meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, August 1940 (ddr-csujad-44-164)
Minutes of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League executive meeting. Features discussion of participation in the county fair, a letter requesting donation to the Portland convention fund, and alien registration. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: csumb_ms15_0163
Executive board meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, April 25, 1935 (ddr-csujad-44-67)
doc Executive board meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League, April 25, 1935 (ddr-csujad-44-67)
Minutes of the fifth executive board meeting of the Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League. Topics discussed include the agenda for the next general meeting, plans to increase membership in the chapter's various boards, and expatriation. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: csumb_ms15_0067
Letter from Toshio Tamaoi [?] to Mrs. Seiichi Okine, December 1947 [in Japanese] (ddr-csujad-5-254)
doc Letter from Toshio Tamaoi [?] to Mrs. Seiichi Okine, December 1947 [in Japanese] (ddr-csujad-5-254)
A letter from Toshio Tamaoi in Itsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan to his uncle, Seiichi Okine. The letter is mailed by Kenjiro Okine. In the letter, he thanks Seiichi for the gifts and laments about the high inflation in post-war Japan. He also asks about Kimie Tanimoto who recently left for the U.S. and includes updates on his …
Johnny and Yo Niizawa interview (ddr-csujad-6-25)
doc Johnny and Yo Niizawa interview (ddr-csujad-6-25)
Oral history interview with Johnny and Yo Niizawa. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: SCRC_NIIZAWA_JOHNNY_AND_YO
Toru Naito (ddr-csujad-8-47)
doc Toru Naito (ddr-csujad-8-47)
Oral history interview with Toru Naito. Information on the oral history project is found in: csuf_stp_0012A; Glossary in: csuf_stp_0014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FCPL Naito, Toru
Harry Sakae Watanabe (ddr-csujad-8-83)
doc Harry Sakae Watanabe (ddr-csujad-8-83)
A statement by Sakae Watanabe. Information on the oral history project is found in: csuf_stp_0012A; Glossary in: csuf_stp_0014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FCPL Watanabe, Harry Sakae
Shizuka Dobashi (ddr-csujad-8-8)
doc Shizuka Dobashi (ddr-csujad-8-8)
Oral history interview with Shizuka Dobashi. Information on the oral history project is found in: csuf_stp_0012A; Glossary in: csuf_stp_0014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FCPL Dobashi, Shinzuka
Mr. and Mrs. Torazo Ouchi (ddr-csujad-8-60)
doc Mr. and Mrs. Torazo Ouchi (ddr-csujad-8-60)
Oral history interview with Torazo and Hanako Ouchi. Information on the oral history project is found in: csuf_stp_0012A; Glossary in: csuf_stp_0014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FCPL Ouchi, Mr and Mrs Torazo
Masao Araki (ddr-csujad-8-4)
doc Masao Araki (ddr-csujad-8-4)
Oral history interview with Masao Araki. Information on the oral history project is found in: csuf_stp_0012A; Glossary in: csuf_stp_0014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FCPL Araki, Masao
Mrs. Michiko Kataoka Neishi (ddr-csujad-8-52)
doc Mrs. Michiko Kataoka Neishi (ddr-csujad-8-52)
Oral history interview with Mrs. Michiko Kataoka Neishi. Information on the oral history project is found in: csuf_stp_0012A; Glossary in: csuf_stp_0014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FCPL Neishi, Mrs Michiko Kataoka
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