{"total":3111,"limit":25,"offset":3025,"prev_offset":3000,"next_offset":3050,"page_size":25,"this_page":122,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=manzanar&limit=25&offset=3000","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=manzanar&limit=25&offset=3050","objects":[{"id":"ddr-densho-156-268","model":"entity","index":"0 3025/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-268/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-268/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-268-mezzanine-8cec9f91ac-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-268-mezzanine-8cec9f91ac-a.jpg"},"title":"Daily Press Review, Vol. VI, No. 4","description":"Article titles: \"Women on New Army Ouster List\"; \"DeWitt Will Clarify New Alien Rules\"; \"Arizona Refuses to Teach Japs\"; \"Evacuated Japs Harvesting Crops\"; \"Japanese-American Do Bit in Scrap Drive\"; \"Nazi Leader's 'Fortune' Lost\"; \"Jap-Grown Food Due in Portland\"; \"Goering Wealth Hidden\"; \"Italians\"; \"Newsnotes from Manzanar\"; \"Curfew Lifted for 600,000 U.S. Italians\"; \"Jap Ex-Consul at N.Y. Gets Portugal Berth\"; \"Japanese Students Denied Entrance to Oregon State School for Deaf\"; \"Tule Japs Said to be Violating Game Laws\"; \"Delta Camp Has Jap War Vets\"; \"Bail of $10,000 Set for 3 Alleged Japan Agents\"; \"Jap Festival: Week-Long Celebration Honors Dead\"; \"10 More Must Leave Coast: Total Now 46\"; \"Jap Taken in Aleutians...\"","extent":"2332W x 3092H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-268","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"October 15, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-268-mezzanine-8cec9f91ac-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-11","model":"entity","index":"1 3026/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-11-mezzanine-5c344825a2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-11-mezzanine-5c344825a2-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 8 (July 23, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Japanese 'Fifth Column' in Hawaii Proven Myth. Noted War Writer Finds Rumors Of Sabotage Unfounded; Says Nisei Good American Citizens\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Charges 'Detention' in Center Illegal\" (p. 1), \"WRA Aware of Responsibility For Protecting Nisei Rights\" (p. 1), \"Post Final Orders For Evacuation in California\" (p. 2), \"Seattle Judge Indicates Verdict Will Uphold Evacuation Order\" (p. 3), \"Nisei Leaders Meet With New WRA Director\" (p. 3), \"Sakamoto Asks Action to Defeat Senate Concentration Camp Bill\" (p. 5), \"Manzanar Press Will Be Printed In Tabloid Form\" (p. 8), \"Army Ban Lifted To Allow Medical Care for Nisei\" (p. 8), \"Despondency Over Evacuation Drives Woman to Suicide\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-11","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 23, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-11-mezzanine-5c344825a2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-36","model":"entity","index":"2 3027/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 11 (September 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Majority of Evacuees Loyal, Says President. FDR Reports to Congress on Progress of Relocation Agency Plans to Segregate Disloyal. President Roosevelt's Letter to Senate Stresses Belief in Loyalty of \"Great Majority to Democratic Institutions of United States'\" (p. 1), \"Lieut. Gen. Emmons Succeeds General DeWitt as Commander of Western Defense Area\" (p. 1), \"Manzanar Riot Leaders Held in Leupp Camp. Were Interned For Time At Abandoned CCC Camp at Moab, Utah\" (p. 3), \"Rumor of Evacuees' Return Upsets Town in California\" (p. 3), \"Post War World Council Asks Compensation for Evacuees\" (p. 3), \"Four Hundred Nisei Find Jobs, Homes in Cleveland. Impress Fellow Workers, Employers With Record of Stability, Report\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-36","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-29-12","model":"entity","index":"3 3028/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-29-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-12-mezzanine-fcd1410bb4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-12-mezzanine-fcd1410bb4-a.jpg"},"title":"An Oral History with Ikuko Amatatsu Watanabe","description":"Nisei district manager of an educational corporation discusses samurai ancestry; childhood on Bainbridge Island, Washington, and makeup of Bainbridge Japanese community; incarceration at the Manzanar camp, California, including circumstances as to why Bainbridge Islanders were transferred to the Minidoka camp in Idaho; wartime resettlement to Chicago; and postwar years in California, with particular attention to discriminatory housing policies. This oral history was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project, Oral History Program, CSU Fullerton. Transcript is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0019. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1363_T01</a>","extent":"3:09:19","links_children":"ddr-csujad-29-12","creators":[{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Watanabe, Ikuko Amatatsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Hansen, Arthur A."},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"California State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bainbridge Island","id":"291"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Fullerton Center for Oral and Public History","rights":"pcc","genre":"interview","location":"Fullerton, California; Bainbridge Island, Washington; Manzanar, California; Hunt, Idaho; Glendale, California; Chicago, Illinois; Orange County, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"7/24/1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Watanabe, Ikuko Amatatsu interviewee \nHansen, Arthur A. interviewer \nCalifornia State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-29-12-mezzanine-fcd1410bb4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-5","model":"entity","index":"4 3029/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-marnold-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-marnold-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Arnold T. Maeda Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born July 17, 1926, in Santa Monica, California. Grew up in the Santa Monica area where parents ran a nursery business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, worked as a chick sexer, technical illustrator in the aerospace industry, and a life insurance salesman. Returned to California and became involved in community organizations.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:48:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":627,"namepart":"Arnold T. Maeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009p786","namepart":"Maeda, Arnold Tadao"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 9, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Arnold T. Maeda narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Maeda, Arnold Tadao 88922nr009p786","download_large":"denshovh-marnold-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-450","model":"entity","index":"5 3030/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-450/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-450/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-450-1-mezzanine-a162e431f1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-450-1-mezzanine-a162e431f1-a.jpg"},"title":"Alan Nishio Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born August 9, 1945, at the Manzanar concentration camp, California, where his parents were incarcerated during World War II. Grew up in the Venice area of California, and became increasingly politically active while attending the University of California, Berkeley, during the Free Speech Movement during the late 1960s. Earned a master's degree at the University of Southern California, then helped to found the UCLA Asian American Studies Center. Became an administrator at California State University, Long Beach, eventually advancing to the position of Associate Vice President, Student Services. Became a community activist in Los Angeles and helped to form several important community organizations such as the Little Tokyo People's Rights Organization and the Little Tokyo Service Center.","extent":"2:41:07","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-450","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":898,"namepart":"Alan Nishio"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Brian Niiya"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Evan Kodani"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0157b71","namepart":"Nishio, Alan Takeshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Gardena, California","creation":"November 12, 2018","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Alan Nishio narrator \nBrian Niiya interviewer \nEvan Kodani videographer Nishio, Alan Takeshi 88922nr0157b71","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-450-1-mezzanine-a162e431f1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-janm-18-11","model":"entity","index":"6 3031/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-18-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-janm-18-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-janm-18/ddr-janm-18-11-mezzanine-be841c29f0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-janm-18/ddr-janm-18-11-mezzanine-be841c29f0-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from John (Sohei) Hohri to Harold Landon","description":"Letter from John (Sohei) Hohri to Harold Landon, dated October 6, 1942. John writes about his life in Manzanar and the satisfaction he receives from teaching his Sunday school class. He writes that the average attendance for his class is about 40 boys from the ages of 12-14, and talks about the activities his Sunday school class participates in. He mentions that the \"Big 17 Fellowship\" group are young, but one of the strongest Christian groups in the camp. He concludes with a reference to 2 Peter 3:18. He includes a P.S. note about how he has enclosed a stamp and a dime so that Harold can send him some chalk.","extent":"Letter, Page 1: 11 x 8 1/2 in. (27.9 x 21.6 cm)\\nPage 2: 6 3/4 x 8 1/2 in. (17.1 x 21.6 cm)","links_children":"ddr-janm-18-11","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hohri, Sohei (John)"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hohri, Sohei (John)"}],"contributor":"Japanese American National Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hohri, Sohei (John) author Hohri, Sohei (John)","download_large":"ddr-janm-18-11-mezzanine-be841c29f0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-janm-18-8","model":"entity","index":"7 3032/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-18-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-janm-18-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-janm-18/ddr-janm-18-8-mezzanine-b3752848f9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-janm-18/ddr-janm-18-8-mezzanine-b3752848f9-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from John (Sohei) Hohri to Harold Landon","description":"Letter from John (Sohei) Hohri to Harold Landon, dated June 28, 1942. John writes asking Harold what his plans are since he graduated high school. He writes about his activities in Manzanar, working in a camouflage factory, teaching a Sunday school class, and attending 12th grade in September. He comments about how he had to miss Harold at the city finals because of being in camp, and talks about how he received a copy of the Chieftain from Donald Lindsey and didn't see Harold on the varsity track team. He references James 1:17 and urges him to write him back. The last page includes a large drawing of John punching Harold with the caption, \"I AM MAD!!! WRITE!!\"","extent":"11 x 8 1/2 in. (27.9 x 21.6 cm)","links_children":"ddr-janm-18-8","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hohri, Sohei (John)"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hohri, Sohei (John)"}],"contributor":"Japanese American National Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hohri, Sohei (John) author Hohri, Sohei (John)","download_large":"ddr-janm-18-8-mezzanine-b3752848f9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-118","model":"entity","index":"8 3033/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-118/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-118/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-118-mezzanine-5cadcbf324-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-118-mezzanine-5cadcbf324-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. IV No. 42 (December 23, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"3rd Memorial Services Honor 10 War Dead\" (p. 1), \"Legion Post Urges Japanese To Sell Land\" (p. 1), \"Portland Rules Citizens May Hold Municipal Licenses\" (p. 1), \"9 Families Apply For Return To West Coast. Survey Indicates 800 Families Would Like to Return to Coast\" (p. 1), \"Sec. Ickes' Message on Ban Lift\" (p. 1), \"Manzanar Evacuees Not in Favor of W. Coast Return\" (p. 1), \"Post Dispatch Believes In Educating Coast Agitators\" (p. 2), \"Chicagoans Give Opinions on Legion Post's Action\" (p. 2), \"Economic Rivalry Influenced Army's Exclusion Ban Sun\" (p. 2), \"Slant Eyes Reason For Evacuation Writes K. Landis\" (p. 4), \"Los Angeles Mayor Cannot 'Guarantee' Safety to Evacuees\" (p. 4).","extent":"1456W x 2008H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-118","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"December 23, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-118-mezzanine-5cadcbf324-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-79","model":"entity","index":"9 3034/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-79/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-79/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-79-mezzanine-f239216f11-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-79-mezzanine-f239216f11-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. IV No. 2 (March 4, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Community Government Is Set Up\" (p. 1), \"117 Hunt Men Pass Pre-Induction Physicals to Report for Duty Soon\" (p. 1), \"Myer Reports 402 in Ten Centers Pass Physicals\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Infantryman Rescues Army Major\" (p. 1), \"18 Leave on Wed. for Crystal City\" (p. 1), \"'Go for Broke' Now Being Shown Throughout Center\" (p. 1), \"Myer Says Nisei Must Answer Call\" (p. 1), \"Manzanar Segregants Arrive at Tule Center\" (p. 1), \"What Further Proof of Loyalty Can Be Asked?\" (p. 1), \"Hawaiian Nisei Soldiers in Italy Prove Handy with Grenades\" (p. 1), \"Achievements of Nisei Students in Wartime Campus Life Remarkable\" (p. 3), \"Official Presents Nisei Case Before Denver Legion\" (p. 4).","extent":"1988W x 2640H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-79","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"March 4, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-79-mezzanine-f239216f11-a.jpg"},{"id":"277","model":"narrator","index":"10 3035/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/277/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/277/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otakayo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otakayo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/277/interviews/"},"display_name":"Rose Matsui Ochi","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 15, 1938, in Los Angeles, California. As a child, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Following World War II, became a teacher and then went to law school. In 1974, worked for Los Angeles Mayor Bradley as a legislative research coordinator and eventually executive assistant to the mayor, heading up the Criminal Justice office. Served as the pro-bono lawyer for the Manzanar Committee and was instrumental in the site's establishment and development."},{"id":"484","model":"narrator","index":"11 3036/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/484/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/484/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjim.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjim.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/484/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jim Matsuoka","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1935, in Los Angeles, Califonia. Grew up in Los Angeles' Little Tokyo neighborhood prior to World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles and attended school. Became involved in gang activity in L.A. in the 1950s. Served in the military from 1958 to 1960. Active in community social service organizations in Little Tokyo, and was one of the integral players in the redress movement."},{"id":"212","model":"narrator","index":"12 3037/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/212/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/212/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/amas.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/amas.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/212/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mas Akiyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 19, 1917, in Eastport, Idaho, and spent childhood in Spokane, Washington. In 1933 traveled to Japan with family where father became ill and died. Attended school in Japan for three years and then returned to Spokane in 1936 and worked on a farm. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, volunteered for military service but failed the medical examination. During the war, took brief trips to Manzanar concentration camp, California, a camp in Arkansas, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war worked as a painter of large signs in Spokane."},{"id":"438","model":"narrator","index":"13 3038/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/438/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/438/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_3.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_3.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/438/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Matsumoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 19, 1924, in San Francisco, California. At a young age, family moved to Ocean Park, California, where father ran a concession stand in an amusement park. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While in camp, had numerous jobs, including as part of the kitchen staff. In 1943, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After being released from camp, resettled in Chicago, Illinois, before returning to California."},{"id":"572","model":"narrator","index":"14 3039/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/572/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/572/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yrichard_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yrichard_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/572/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard E. Yamashiro","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 13, 1929, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Hollywood, California, and was living there when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941. Removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Parents signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and the family was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, then designated as a segregation center. From Tule Lake, expatriated to Japan and moved there with family. Eventually came back to the U.S., joined the Military Intelligence Service, and returned to Japan for military service."},{"id":"652","model":"narrator","index":"15 3040/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/652/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/interviews/"},"display_name":"Grace Hata","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 5, 1930, in Gardena, California. Grew up in Gardena where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested and taken away by the FBI. During mass removal, family was sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and reunited with father. Following the Leave Clearance questionnaire in 1943, family transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and then repatriated to Japan. Grace lived and worked in Japan for a year and a half before returning to California, finishing school, and becoming a nurse."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-47-37","model":"entity","index":"16 3041/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-47-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-37-mezzanine-0319df7b96-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-37-mezzanine-0319df7b96-a.jpg"},"title":"Volunteers dig ditches","description":"Photograph of men digging an irrigation channel at Manzanar incarceration camp. About 12-13 men with pickaxes and shovels digging and clearing brush. They are beside an irrigation ditch. The Sierra Nevada are to the left in the background with a little snow on their peaks. Car parked to the left with a man holding a camera standing next to the open car door. Barracks and utility poles are in the distant background.  Caption reads: \"Volunteers\" Dig Ditches. Title from caption, which was taken from the original photo album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_merritt_0064</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.125 x 4.125 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-47-37","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Construction","id":"534"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-47-37-mezzanine-0319df7b96-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-47-15","model":"entity","index":"17 3042/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-47-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-15-mezzanine-79f3f8df0e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-15-mezzanine-79f3f8df0e-a.jpg"},"title":"Molly Hayes getting ready to snap Mr. Merritt holding the last evacuee in his arms","description":"Photograph of Molly Hayes getting ready to take a photograph of Ralph Merritt holding the last incarceree (a young boy) with a group of civil service employees observing. The group is standing at the front entrance of Manzanar with the sign, \"This project officially closed November 21-1945 no admittance except on business,\" the administrative buildings and the Sierra Nevada in the background. Caption reads: Molly Hayes getting ready to snap Mr. Merritt holding the last evacuee in his arms. November 21, 1945. Title from caption, which was taken from the original photo album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_merritt_0042</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 5.25 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-47-15","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"11/21/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-47-15-mezzanine-79f3f8df0e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-2","model":"entity","index":"18 3043/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg"},"title":"Term paper: my plan for the future","description":"Term paper by Chiyoko Nakasaki for period VII Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Chiyoko discusses finding an office job after graduation, but she worries about giving the wrong impression or building a bad reputation if she sets out as an independent female. She enjoys listening to music, and her true ambition is to travel, specifically to Hawaii and then the Statue of Liberty. Eventually she wants to take up music lessons again, especially piano. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9002. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0002</a>","extent":"10.5 x 8 inches, 12 pages, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Nakasaki, Chiyoko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nakasaki, Chiyoko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-37","model":"entity","index":"19 3044/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg"},"title":"My career","description":"Term Paper by Matsumura Masuru for period VII Senior Problem class, taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Matsumura describes his desire to be an aeronautical engineer eventually. He describes the necessary training to become a pilot and a aircraft mechanic. He provides a list of technical schools and colleges that provide related degrees as well as their approximate cost. Matsumura provides a brief history of aviation and concludes his paper with a description of a number of modern airplanes. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9037. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0037</a>","extent":"1 volume, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-37","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Masuru, Matsumura"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masuru, Matsumura author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-23","model":"entity","index":"20 3045/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-23/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-23/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-23-mezzanine-20386d31e5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-23-mezzanine-20386d31e5-a.jpg"},"title":"Nisei's future","description":"Assignment by Ben (last name missing due to torn upper right corner) for period III Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Ben believes the future of the Nisei is a dark one, because they are being held as prisoners of war even though they are American citizens. He states the Nisei must realize the propaganda against them and the prejudice they will face when they leave the camps. They must think and prepare for the future. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9023. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0023</a>","extent":"1 page, 11 x 8.5 inches, typescript, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-23","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-23-mezzanine-20386d31e5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-22","model":"entity","index":"21 3046/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-22-mezzanine-e60cba3692-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-22-mezzanine-e60cba3692-a.jpg"},"title":"Social problems","description":"Assignment by George Odahara for period V Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. George discusses the problem Japanese Americans in the incarceration camps face. He believes everyone should focus on the future and getting jobs after the war is over. In his opinion farming is going to be the best job for the Japanese Americans, as finding fresh food has been hard during the war. He believes everyone will get their old jobs back after the war. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9022. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0022</a>","extent":"1 page, 8.5 x 7 inches, handwritten, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-22","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Odahara, George"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2/1/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Odahara, George author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-22-mezzanine-e60cba3692-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-10","model":"entity","index":"22 3047/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-10-mezzanine-b378bb04ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-10-mezzanine-b378bb04ba-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 7 (July 16, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Army Trains Thousand Nisei Soldiers for Overseas Duty as 'All-Japanese' Unit\" (p. 1), \"Four Japanese Face U.S. Indictments in Santa Anita Incident\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Loyalty to U.S. Stressed By WRA Official in Congress\" (p. 1), \"States Have No Right to Bar Citizens, Says Governor Carr\" (p. 2), \"Production Is Key to Future of 'Industrial' Manzanar\" (p. 3), \"Masaoka Back In Washington For Conferences\" (p. 6), \"Salt Lake Tribune Says Inland States Must Assimilate Large Japanese Group After War\" (p. 6), \"Greeks Protest Use Of Japanese Labor On California Farms\" (p. 6), \"WRA Official Says U.S. Nisei Loyal\" (p. 7), \"Roosevelt Says Aliens Should Be Used in Industry\" (p. 8), \"Nisei Instructors Teach Japanese to Army Enlisted Men\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-10","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"PCN_19420716","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 16, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-10-mezzanine-b378bb04ba-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-66","model":"entity","index":"23 3048/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-66/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-66/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 30, 1927, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge, where parents ran a strawberry farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, then transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, returned to Bainbridge for a time and then volunteered for the military, serving in Japan during the U.S. occupation. After returning to the United States, established a farm in Ontario, Oregon.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:46:06","links_children":"ddr-one-7-66","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":782,"namepart":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zt32","namepart":"Suyematsu, Yoshimitsu"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Ontario, Oregon","creation":"April 22, 2014","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Suyematsu, Yoshimitsu 88922nr015zt32","download_large":"denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-3","model":"entity","index":"24 3049/{'value': 3111, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-gnancy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-gnancy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nancy Nakata Gohata Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born October 16, 1940, in Compton, California. As an infant, taken with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After the government issued the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" family was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for ten years at a farm labor camp on an island outside of Stockton. Eventually ended up living in the San Fernando Valley, and became very active with the Japanese American Citizens League.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:40:41","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":623,"namepart":"Nancy Nakata Gohata"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Ann Kaneko"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0127t1w","namepart":"Nakata, Yaiko Nancy"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"November 29, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nancy Nakata Gohata narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nAnn Kaneko videographer Nakata, Yaiko Nancy 88922nr0127t1w","download_large":"denshovh-gnancy-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"manzanar","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}