(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:06:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-260","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":414,"namepart":"Cedrick M. Shimo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Torrance, California","creation":"September 22, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Cedrick M. Shimo narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-scedrick-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-283","model":"entity","index":"2 4927/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-283/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-283/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-osusumu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-osusumu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Susumu Oshima Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1926, in Kainaliu-Kona, Hawaii. Grew up in Kona, where parents established a successful dry goods store, barber shop, and taxi service. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was immediately arrested by the FBI and held in the Kilauea Military Camp on the Big Island of Hawaii. During the war, father was transferred to Fort Sill internment camp, Oklahoma, where he was shot and killed by a camp guard. Susumu was drafted into the military in 1945, and he served as an interpreter in the Philippines and Japan. After the war, returned to Kona and resumed running the family's store.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:07:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-283","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":486,"namepart":"Susumu Oshima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Kona, Hawaii","creation":"June 9, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Susumu Oshima narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-osusumu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-118","model":"entity","index":"3 4928/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-118/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-118/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Marian Asao Kurosu Interview","description":"Issei female. Born March 10, 1907, in Fukui prefecture, Japan. Graduated from Jinai Girls School. After grandfather's death, came to Seattle, Washington in 1924 to join father and uncle, working in family-run agricultural greenhouse. Arranged marriage to Mr. Roy Naoe Kurosu, an Issei working in Tacoma sawmills. Started new greenhouse in Sunnydale, Washington until all people of Japanese ancestry were removed from the West Coast in 1942. Returned to work in Sunnydale greenhouse until retirement at age 74. In 1954, gained U.S. citizenship along with husband, adopting first name \"Marian.\" Mother of seven children, including a son born while at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Kurosu resided at her home in Seattle, Washington.
(During this interview, Mrs. Kurosu alternately speaks in both English and Japanese. As a result, the English translation of the transcript contains [Jpn.] and [Eng.], which indicate whether the original dialogue was spoken in Japanese or English.)","extent":"04:38:11","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-118","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":116,"namepart":"Marian Asao Kurosu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tomoyo Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008xt3n","namepart":"Kurosu, Lucy Asao"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 23 & 24, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marian Asao Kurosu narrator \nTomoyo Yamada interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Kurosu, Lucy Asao 88922nr008xt3n","download_large":"denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-363","model":"entity","index":"4 4929/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-363/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-363/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iart_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iart_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Art Ishida Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born June 2, 1921, in Fresno, California. Grew up in the Gardena area of Los Angeles, California, before moving to Japan with parents in 1929 and returning to California in the 1930s. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Gave a qualified answer on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Moved briefly to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before being released from camp and living in Chicago, Illinois. Drafted into the military and served in Korea as an interpreter for the Military Intelligence Service. Eventually returned to California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:43:02","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-363","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":594,"namepart":"Art Ishida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014dm7c","namepart":"Ishida, Atsushi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 24, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Art Ishida narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Ishida, Atsushi 88922nr014dm7c","download_large":"denshovh-iart_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-2528","model":"entity","index":"5 4930/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2528/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-2528/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-2528-mezzanine-34735684fd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-2528-mezzanine-34735684fd-a.jpg"},"title":"Evacuation","description":"Booklet containing an illustrated commentary on forced evacuation and incarceration, newspaper clippings, and an essay, \"My viewpoint on evacuation.\" Clippings include \"Capt. Crowley tells of heroism of Nisei soldiers,\" \"Shop workers refuse Nisei on the job,\" \"Pfc. Yamamoto awarded medal for gallantry,\" \"Nisei serving armed forces in Japan,\" \"Private Naito's letter to the VFW,\" \"Two Heart Mountain GI's show outstanding valor in battle,\" \"Eligibility determination, early issuance of grants will be made at centers,\" \"Social Welfare,\" \"Evacuee grateful to WRA and other agencies,\" \"The Nisei come home,\" \"Heart Mtn. special passenger picks up threads of past life to start again,\" \"California group will form to combat racial prejudice,\" \"Nisei sergeant disappointed in friend who renounced American citizenship,\" and \"6000 Nisei face deportation soon.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_2635","extent":"27 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-2528","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Drawing","id":"262"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"circa 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-2528-mezzanine-34735684fd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-96-659","model":"entity","index":"6 4931/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-96-659/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-96-659/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-96/ddr-densho-96-659-mezzanine-a378f91c1f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-96/ddr-densho-96-659-mezzanine-a378f91c1f-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese American Courier Vol. 13, No. 624 (January 1, 1940)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Citizenship Urged for Young People\" (p. 1), \"War Even in Our Own Boarders, Declares Seattle Council Women\" (p. 2), \"High Hope Held for Young Folk, Consul-General Satow Declares\" (p. 3), \"We Still Want Peace\" (p. 4), \"Better Cultural Relations\" (p. 5); \"Foreign Trade means High Rank In Civilization, Says Exporter\" (p. 6); \"Young People of Vision Big Need, Declares Pastor\" (p. 7); \"Democracy means Peace, Equality For All; Will Battle For Justice\" (p. 8); JACL Expanded Widely in 1939, Says National Head Tsukamoto\" (p. 9); \"Important Work For Youth Shown By Takeo Nogaki\" (p. 16); \"Tolerance And Education Will Do Much For Aiding Democracy\" (p. 16); \"Toshi Sees Good Farming Outlook For Young Folks\" (p. 16); \"Soil Only Base of Civilization Declare Oles, Association Head\" (p. 17); \"Japan Launching 1940 To Honor 2600th Year of the Empire\" (p. 17); \"Only Pressure Groups Succeed In World Defying Individuals\" (p. 18)","extent":"18W x 24H","links_children":"ddr-densho-96-659","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Courier"},{"role":"editor","nr_id":"88922/nr005zs57","namepart":"Sakamoto, James Yoshinori"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications","id":"26"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Activism and involvement","id":"120"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Timber","id":"9"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II","id":"399"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Literary arts -- Essays","id":"240"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports","id":"24"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Aviation","id":"438"},{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays","id":"25"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Japanese American Courier"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr005zs57","namepart":"Sakamoto, James Yoshinori"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"January 1, 1940","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Courier publisher \nSakamoto, James Yoshinori editor 88922nr005zs57Japanese American Courier \nSakamoto, James Yoshinori 88922nr005zs57","download_large":"ddr-densho-96-659-mezzanine-a378f91c1f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1776","model":"entity","index":"7 4932/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1776/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1776/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1776-mezzanine-c99b761d1b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1776-mezzanine-c99b761d1b-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Don Oka, Steve Yagi, and Shigeo Ito, part 8 of 8; interview with Nobuo Yamashita, part 1 of 5","description":"Oka is on the left, Yagi in the center, and Ito on the right. Oka discusses his recovery from tuberculosis, entering and winning a cartoon contest, going to art school after recovery, starting to work in advertising, returning to cartooning after retirement, and serving in JICPOA, and working with white officers. Yagi discusses working in the post office. Interview starts at 0:22; tape includes several reaction shots. At 11:35, interview with Nobuo Yamashita starts. Yamashita discusses being born in LA, going to Japan as a young child, attending school in LA, his family's produce business, the start of the war, evacuation to Manzanar, laying linoleum at camp, working on sugar beet farms in Montana, and volunteering for the MIS language school. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II LA #54, 7-26-85, Oka, Yagi, Ito VIII. Yamashita nterview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1777/","extent":"00:20:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1776","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Yamashita, Nobuo"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Oka, Don"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Yagi, Steve"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Ito, Shigeo"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts","id":"180"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave -- Temporary agricultural work leave","id":"419"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Oka, Don"},{"namepart":"Yagi, Steve"},{"namepart":"Ito, Shigeo"},{"namepart":"Yamashita, Nobuo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"July 26, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nYamashita, Nobuo interviewee \nOka, Don interviewee \nYagi, Steve interviewee \nIto, Shigeo interviewee Oka, Don \nYagi, Steve \nIto, Shigeo \nYamashita, Nobuo","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1776-mezzanine-c99b761d1b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1806","model":"entity","index":"8 4933/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1806/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1806/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1806-mezzanine-66339c0828-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1806-mezzanine-66339c0828-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Gary and Grace Itano, part 2 of 6","description":"Grace discusses working with her husband-to-be before the war, her husband asking for a divorce (knowing that he would be imprisoned for refusing to serve), her husband Henry's reasons for refusing to serve, her husband's family preventing him from going to college, trying and failing to live outside of camp in Arizona, evacuation and closing her sister's grocery store, being born in Seattle, spending time in Japan as a child, returning to Seattle at age 16, moving to Los Angeles, having four children, and telling her children about her husband's experiences during the war. Gary discusses learning about his father's life during the war and his role in the DB Boys. Interview starts at 0:59. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II RES/PRO #17, UCLA Grace Itano, Gary Itano, 6/1/86, Roll 17. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1807/","extent":"00:22:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1806","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"Interviewee","namepart":"Itano, Gary"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Itano, Grace"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Itano, Gary"},{"namepart":"Itano, Grace"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"June 1, 1986","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nItano, Gary Interviewee \nItano, Grace interviewee Itano, Gary \nItano, Grace","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1806-mezzanine-66339c0828-a.jpg"},{"id":"195","model":"narrator","index":"9 4934/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/195/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/195/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tdave.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tdave.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/195/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dave Tatsuno","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1913, in San Francisco, California. Spent difficult childhood years in San Francisco under care of a guardian while family lived in Japan. Graduated with a degree in business administration from the University of California at Berkeley before World War II. Removed to Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and then to Topaz concentration camp, Utah. While in Topaz, was permitted to travel around the country as a buyer for the camp co-op store, and also obtained permission to shoot home movie footage from within the camp itself. After World War II, established the Nichibei Bussan Department Store in San Jose's Japantown."},{"id":"291","model":"narrator","index":"10 4935/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/291/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/291/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/aart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/aart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/291/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Abe","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 12, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in an area of Seattle with few other Japanese Americans, and was attending the University of Washington when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left Minidoka several times on temporary work leave to work on farms in the area. Suffered tragic loss in camp when father got lost outside collecting wood and perished in the elements. Volunteered for the army and served in the signal corps, eventually working for the Civil Aeronautics Administration and Boeing. Also one of the early members of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee."},{"id":"414","model":"narrator","index":"11 4936/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/414/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/414/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scedrick.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scedrick.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/414/interviews/"},"display_name":"Cedrick M. Shimo","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 1, 1919, in Heber, California, in the Imperial Valley. Grew up in Boyle Heights. Received draft notice one day after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and joined the Military Intelligence Service. After being denied furlough to visit his mother in Manzanar concentration camp, refused to serve overseas with his unit. Was placed in the 1800 Engineering Battalion, made up of Japanese, German and Italian Americans considered \"suspect\" by the U.S. government. After World War II, became the vice president of the export division for Honda, dedicating much of his time to promoting better trade relations between the U.S. and Japan."},{"id":"486","model":"narrator","index":"12 4937/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/486/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/486/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osusumu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osusumu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/486/interviews/"},"display_name":"Susumu Oshima","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1926, in Kainaliu-Kona, Hawaii. Grew up in Kona, where parents established a successful dry goods store, barber shop, and taxi service. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was immediately arrested by the FBI and held in the Kilauea Military Camp on the Big Island of Hawaii. During the war, father was transferred to Fort Sill internment camp, Oklahoma, where he was shot and killed by a camp guard. Susumu was drafted into the military in 1945, and he served as an interpreter in the Philippines and Japan. After the war, returned to Kona and resumed running the family's store."},{"id":"594","model":"narrator","index":"13 4938/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/594/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/594/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iart_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iart_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/594/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Ishida","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 2, 1921, in Fresno, California. Grew up in the Gardena area of Los Angeles, California, before moving to Japan with parents in 1929 and returning to California in the 1930s. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Gave a qualified answer on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Moved briefly to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before being released from camp and living in Chicago, Illinois. Drafted into the military and served in Korea as an interpreter for the Military Intelligence Service. Eventually returned to California."},{"id":"665","model":"narrator","index":"14 4939/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/665/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/665/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uyoshihiro.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uyoshihiro.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/665/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yoshihiro Uchida","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 1, 1920, in Calexico, California. Grew up in the Orange County area. Drafted into the army during World War II, while family was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Father and brothers were all transferred to Department of Justice camps, and eventually went to Japan. After military service, Mr. Uchida returned to California and lived in San Jose. He earned his black belt in judo as a teenager, and after the war, was head of the judo program at San Jose State for over sixty years. Was instrumental in helping judo become nationally recognized in the U.S. as well as an official Olympic sport."},{"id":"141","model":"narrator","index":"15 4940/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/141/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/141/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uharry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uharry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/141/interviews/"},"display_name":"Harry Ueno","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 14, 1907, in Pauilo, Hawaii. Lived in Japan from 1915 to 1923, and settled on the mainland upon his return to the United States. Was married in 1930, and was removed along with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California, during World War II. While in Manzanar, organized the Mess Hall Workers Union. Accused of beating up a suspected government informant and was placed in jail, sparking the so-called \"Manzanar Riot.\" Was moved to various jails and the Citizen Isolation Centers Leupp, Arizona, and Moab, Utah, before being reunited with his family in Tule Lake Segregation Center. After release from camp, moved to the Santa Clara Valley, raised three children, and became a farmer."},{"id":"907","model":"narrator","index":"16 4941/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/907/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/interviews/"},"display_name":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi","bio":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"56","model":"narrator","index":"17 4942/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Matsuoka","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook."},{"id":"116","model":"narrator","index":"18 4943/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/116/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/116/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarian.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarian.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/116/interviews/"},"display_name":"Marian Asao Kurosu","bio":"Issei female. Born March 10, 1907, in Fukui prefecture, Japan. Graduated from Jinai Girls School. After grandfather's death, came to Seattle, Washington in 1924 to join father and uncle, working in family-run agricultural greenhouse. Arranged marriage to Mr. Roy Naoe Kurosu, an Issei working in Tacoma sawmills. Started new greenhouse in Sunnydale, Washington until all people of Japanese ancestry were removed from the West Coast in 1942. Returned to work in Sunnydale greenhouse until retirement at age 74. In 1954, gained U.S. citizenship along with husband, adopting first name \"Marian.\" Mother of seven children, including a son born while at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Kurosu resided at her home in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"172","model":"narrator","index":"19 4944/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/172/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/172/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/krichard.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/krichard.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/172/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard Kosaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 14, 1924, in Waikiki, Hawaii. Attended McKinley High School, where he was student body president, just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Served as a language instructor for the U.S. Military Intelligence Service during World War II, and was stationed in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Earned PhD in the 1950s before taking a position at the University of Hawaii at Manoa as an assistant professor. Worked in Washington, D.C., on Lyndon Johnson's presidential campaign. Was instrumental in establishing Hawaii's system of community colleges, notably the Hawaii Tokai International College. Dr. Kosaki is currently the Chancellor Emeritus of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and is a senior consultant for the Japanese American National Museum's International Nikkei Research Project."},{"id":"214","model":"narrator","index":"20 4945/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/214/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/214/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ibetty.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ibetty.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/214/interviews/"},"display_name":"Betty Fumiye Ito","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 29, 1918, in Seattle, Washington, and spent childhood in Medina and Bellevue, Washington. While in high school was a member of the Bellevue Strawberry Festival's Queen's Court. In 1939 married Kenji Ito, a prominent Japanese American lawyer who practiced in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, recounts her experiences as her husband was picked up by the FBI on the evening of December 7, 1941. Describes the trial and acquittal of her husband after he was accused of working as a non-registered agent for Japan. After the trial, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in the Los Angeles area."},{"id":"321","model":"narrator","index":"21 4946/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/321/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yae Aihara","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 18, 1925 in Tacoma, Washington. Raised in Seattle, Washington, where family operated a grocery store. Attended Washington Grammar School and Garfield High School in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family was removed to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. In 1943, father decided to repatriate to Japan. The family was transported to Ellis Island detention station to reunite with father and board a repatriation ship, the SS Gripsholm. Transferred to Crystal City internment camp, Texas, after being denied entry on SS Gripsholm. Remained in Crystal City for duration of the war. Resettled to Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1946."},{"id":"ddr-njpa-8-4","model":"entity","index":"22 4947/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-8-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-8-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-8/ddr-njpa-8-4-mezzanine-b01c9eaa83-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-8/ddr-njpa-8-4-mezzanine-b01c9eaa83-a.jpg"},"title":"Haniwa statue to be sold to a U.S. buyer","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Rengo Photograph No. 3 October 11, 1930.\nHaniwa statue from Emperor Nintoku are to be sold away One of a kind treasure in excellent condition for twenty thousand yen. Imperial Household Museum in Ueno Park is holding Haniwa Clayware Exhibit from the 16th to 31st with over 80 items, from various academic organizations including the Imperial University Department of Cultural Anthropology, to showcase ancient Japan artifacts, receiving attention from the scholars in the field. It is reported that one haniwa statue, an archeologically valuable fully armed ancient piece that is considered the sole surviving haniwa of the kind in a perfect condition, which was scheduled to be on display, is no longer available for the exhibit. The news that the rare statue is to be sold away to a U.S. buyer triggered an emotional protest against the sale by members of the Ministry of Education and archeological scholars. The haniwa statue is currently on display at a department of the Imperial Household Museum. The clay armed male figure is owned by Senkichi Wada at Hayashi Cho in Koishigawa Ward and is valued at 20,000 yen as the sole complete statue of this kind in not only in Japan but in the world. The museum has seven haniwa statues, but the other pieces are compromised with a crack seen in an arm or the neck. The statue owned by Wada is flawless completed with a body armor and helmet. Wada, a senior archeological scholar, unearthed the 55-inch tall statue with precise details in 1909 at the ancient tomb site in Oaza Serata, Serata mura, Nitta ward in Gunma prefecture. Wearing a body armor with cord tied in two spots, hand protectors and a wrist protector, the ancient armed warrior carries an arrow sack with arrows in the back and rests a sword on his shoulder. It is estimated to be created 1,500 - 1,600 years ago in the reign of Emperor Nintoku.\nPhotograph: One of a kind armed haniwa statue, much discussed among archeological scholars, to be sold away to an U. S. buyer.\"","extent":"4.5W x 6.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-8-4","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Japan","creation":"October 11, 1930","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-njpa-8-4-mezzanine-b01c9eaa83-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-3","model":"entity","index":"23 4948/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},"title":"Keiko Shinmoto Interview","description":"Keiko Shinmoto's father migrated from Hiroshima to Portland, Oregon, where his brother was an owner of a grocery store. After returning to Hiroshima to see his ailing father, Keiko's father found it impossible to return to America as his mother hid his passport to keep him in Japan. Shortly, Keiko's mother joined him in Hiroshima, also her hometown. Unlike her eight older siblings, then, Keiko was born in Japan, in 1936. She recalls the challenge of being sent to the countryside at the age of eight as part of shudan sokai, a wartime program for children aiming to protect the youth from fire bombings in cities. The food shortage and black market called yamiichi that flourished after the war, too, left Keiko a strong impression. She is a nyushi survivor, as she was exposed to radiation by walking through the city of Hiroshima three days after the bombing. She lost one of her older sisters to the bomb. She came to the United States in 1960 with a help of her US-born brother, by then living in Los Angeles. She relearned English from her father who was also back in the United States and in the area at that time. Keiko attended a technical college to study design while working as a \"schoolgirl\" and worked briefly in Beverly Hills as a dressmaker before she married Nisei from Stockton. A former prisoner of the Gila River War Relocation Center, he worked as a mechanic at Chevrolet after the war and became an owner of a car repair shop. Keiko helped the shop's book keeping, while she also raised two children and worked at a grocery store in order to pay for her health insurance. At the time of the interview, Keiko had just joined a biannual medical checkup conducted by Hiroshima physicians in San Francisco for the first time because of the encouragement by another US survivor. After her husband passed away in 1998, she has been enjoying talking with her children, going to a Buddhist church in Stockton, and keeping in touch with her Nisei friends.","extent":"1:38:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":965,"namepart":"Keiko Shinmoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Stockton, California","creation":"25-Jul-11","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Keiko Shinmoto narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-291","model":"entity","index":"24 4949/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-291/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-291/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-291-mezzanine-000a4f2223-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-291-mezzanine-000a4f2223-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine, April 23, [1946] [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. He writes from Japan where he is stationed as a Nisei soldier. He reports to his parents about their relatives and friends in Hiroshima: He took ten days vacation to visit Hiroshima and found that the Hiroshima City was completely destroyed by the atomic bombing. He confirmed the safety of Naoji Okine and his wife, the Sasakis, and the Nakanos. He also met the Tanakas and the Matsuokas in Hiroshima, who used to be their neighbors in Montebello, California. During the vacation, Masao stayed in Naoji Okine's place for five nights and in Jokichi Yamanaka's place for two nights. He expresses his appreciation for their courtesy. He also informs of the arrival of his parents' letter and is relieved to learn that they are receiving the U.S. military family allowance checks and are also doing well in a new house. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_03_24_001","extent":"5 pages, 6.25 x 9.25 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-291","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki","id":"109"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Japan","creation":"4/23/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-291-mezzanine-000a4f2223-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}