Participating in this interview is Mr. Paul Minerich, who is Mr. Nomiyama's son-in-law. An attorney, Mr. Minerich headed the effort to clear his father-in-law's name regarding his wartime court martial conviction. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:05:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-279-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":482,"namepart":"Tetsuo Nomiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1000120\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Westminster, California","creation":"May 2, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tetsuo Nomiyama narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-phljacl-1","model":"collection","index":"12 4737/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-phljacl-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-phljacl-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-phljacl-1/ddr-phljacl-1-1-1-mezzanine-ed8124f10f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-phljacl-1/ddr-phljacl-1-1-1-mezzanine-ed8124f10f-a.jpg"},"title":"JACL Philadelphia Oral History Collection","description":"JACL Philadelphia Chapter was established in 1947 by survivors of the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans who resettled in the Greater Philadelphia region during the postwar era. Since then, our chapter has been involved in civil rights advocacy in solidarity with other people of color and historically marginalized communities. JACL Philadelphia played a strong leadership role in JACL's National Redress Movement, which is discussed in many of the interviews. As one of the nation's largest cities, with one of the smallest Japanese American populations, interviewees reflect on the challenges and opportunities presented by community organizing in such an environment. This collection features interviews with nearly two dozen now deceased Nisei members of the chapter conducted in 1994 by Herbert J. Horikawa. An additional ten interviews were conducted with Sansei members during the Summer of 2023 as part of the JACS grant funded JACL Oral History Project. The latter interviews were recorded by videographer Brett Kodama and conducted by staff of the Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia, in collaboration with JACL Philadelphia leadership.","links_children":"ddr-phljacl-1","language":["eng"],"contributor":"JACL Philadelphia","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-phljacl-1-1-1-mezzanine-ed8124f10f-a.jpg"},{"id":"84","model":"narrator","index":"13 4738/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/84/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/84/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ssarah.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ssarah.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/84/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sarah Sato","bio":"Sansei female. (Mother and father born in Hawaii.) Born February 1925 in Peru. Spent prewar childhood in Peru and Hawaii. Father picked up by the FBI and detained after bombing of Pearl Harbor. Was incarcerated at Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Renounced citizenship in order to stay with parents, and was expatriated to Japan. Regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."},{"id":"191","model":"narrator","index":"14 4739/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/191/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/191/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hmay.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hmay.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/191/interviews/"},"display_name":"May Ota Higa","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 14, 1916, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle and Ellensburg, Washington, before going to Japan to teach just prior to the onset of World War II. Returned to Seattle in 1941, and was removed with family to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in Chicago, Illinois, and New York before returning to raise a family in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"332","model":"narrator","index":"15 4740/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/332/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/332/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkiyoko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkiyoko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/332/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kiyoko Morey Kaneko","bio":"Nisei female. Born September 3, 1911, in Pasadena, California. Grew up in Los Angeles where father operated a successful import/export business with retail stores. Graduated from UCLA, then lived and worked in Japan for a few years. Was married and living in Hawaii in 1941. Witnessed Japanese bomber planes overhead from home in Pearl City on December 7, 1941. After the war, resided in Santa Cruz, California."},{"id":"337","model":"narrator","index":"16 4741/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/337/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/337/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ychiyoko_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ychiyoko_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/337/interviews/"},"display_name":"Chiyoko Yano","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 27, 1918, in Oakland, California. Grew up in Oakland before being removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. In Topaz, worked for the War Relocation Authority in the Central Statistics Division. Husband served in the OSS, the Office of Strategic Services. Lived in Japan during the U.S. occupation before eventually returning to Berkeley. Worked for UC Berkeley's International House."},{"id":"353","model":"narrator","index":"17 4742/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/353/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/353/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/keugene.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/keugene.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/353/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eugene Tatsuru Kimura","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 19, 1922, in Sheridan, Wyoming. At a young age, moved to Seattle, Washington, and spent most of childhood there. Was enrolled at the University of Washington when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, before returning with family to Sheridan. Attended the University of Nevada and later earned a doctorate in pharmacology from the University of Chicago."},{"id":"356","model":"narrator","index":"18 4743/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/356/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/356/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kshoichi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kshoichi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/356/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shoichi Kobara","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1922, in Watsonville, California. Grew up in Watsonville until age six, then family moved to Salinas. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, lived and worked in Utah for a time before serving in Japan in the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. Returned to Watsonville and established a farming operation."},{"id":"402","model":"narrator","index":"19 4744/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/402/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/402/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ygeorge_3.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ygeorge_3.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/402/interviews/"},"display_name":"George M. Yoshino","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 25, 1921, in Bellevue, Washington. Grew up in Bellevue, where parents operated a farm. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. While in camp, obtained temporary leave to work for a railroad company. Volunteered for the military, and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan during the U.S. occupation. After the war, settled in St. Paul, Minnesota."},{"id":"494","model":"narrator","index":"20 4745/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/494/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/494/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itoshiro.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itoshiro.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/494/interviews/"},"display_name":"Toshiro Izumi","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 7, 1918, in Villa Park, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, California, where father was a fisherman. During World War II, removed to the Tulare Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, relocated to Detroit, Michigan, before being drafted into the Military Intelligence Service. Served in Japan as an interpreter during the war crimes trials. Eventually returned to California."},{"id":"742","model":"narrator","index":"21 4746/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/742/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/742/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshiuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshiuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/742/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shiuko Sakai","bio":"Nisei female. Born 1923 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle where parents operated a hotel. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to live and work in New York, then worked for several years in Japan for the U.S. occupation forces. Returned to the U.S. and worked at the Pentagon before retiring and moving to Portland, Oregon."},{"id":"756","model":"narrator","index":"22 4747/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/756/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/756/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ishig.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ishig.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/756/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shig Imai","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 16, 1920, in Dee, Oregon. Grew up in Dee, a former sawmill town, where father worked for the Oregon Lumber Company. Shig went to live in Japan for three years at the age of seven before World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, volunteered for the U.S. Army and eventually served with the medical administrative corps. After service, returned to the Hood River area."},{"id":"833","model":"narrator","index":"23 4748/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/833/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/833/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/medward.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/medward.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/833/interviews/"},"display_name":"Edward H. Mitsukado","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 1, 1912, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grew up in Honolulu, where father ran a taxi business. Was serving with the Hawaii Territorial 298th Infantry when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Went to the mainland for training at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. Transferred to the Military Intelligence Service and was asked to help select the Nisei volunteers for the Merrill's Marauders. Served as an interpreter with the Merrill's Marauders in Burma."},{"id":"996","model":"narrator","index":"24 4749/{'value': 5033, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/996/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/996/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-504_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-504_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/996/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mary Jane Mikuriya","bio":"Born December 8, 1934, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Born to a father from Japan and mother from the Austria-Hungary region. Grew up in Pennsylvania during World War II, where family was monitored by the FBI. Attended Pembroke College and then worked for the federal government's Department of Education, then as an administrator in the education field. Volunteered with Servas, an organization that promotes international peace and understanding through travel."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}